Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine.pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine 133 Figure 23 QALY gained Watts matrix). This was developed on a small sample of some 70 subjects (doctors, nurses, patients and healthy volunteers) and there is therefore concern about the generalizability of the results. Other concerns with QALYs are that (i) as commonly used, they relate to point estimates whereas marginal cost curves tend to turn upwards and marginal benefit curves tend to turn downwards as the programme size increases; (ii) the weights used depend on specific social preferences and the common assumption of cross-cultural generalizability is unlikely to be valid. Figure 23 illustrates the concept of life-year gained. (McDowell I, Newell C (1966) Measuring health: a guide to rating scales and questionnaires. 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford). Q-TWiST analysis In Q-TWiST analysis, prolongation of life brought about by treatment is quality adjusted to take account of the time spent without symptoms or toxicity (see under QALY). Quality of Life (QoL) Quality of life refers to the broad construct which reflects both subjective and objective judgements about issues which impinge on the total wellbeing of individuals including health, social, environmental and spiritual aspects. In health care, we are usually interested only in the health-related issues. Various instruments are available for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) to yield values which can then be used to adjust length of life in order to account for the negative impact which ill health can have on such things as physical and mental function, perception and
134 Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine social opportunities. The different approaches for measuring quality of life are shown in Figures 24-26. (See QALY) (EuroQoL Group (1990) EuroQoL - a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 16: 199-208. Bergner M, Bobbit RA, Carter WB et al. (1981) The sickness impact profile: development and final revision of a health status measure. Medical Care. 19: 787-805. Ware JE, Sherbourne CD (1992) The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Medical Care. 30: 473-83. Hunt SM, McEwen J, McKenna SP (1981) The Nottingham health profile user's manual. Galen Research Consultancy, Manchester). Approach Global measures Multiattribute utility measures Figure 24 Measuring quality of life I
Page 2 and 3:
Dictionary of Evidence-based Medici
Page 4 and 5:
Preface This book was conceived at
Page 6 and 7:
A Ability to pay Ability to pay is
Page 8 and 9:
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
Figure I Audit: Clinical audit cycl
Page 14 and 15:
B Balanced design In an experiment,
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 9 Concept of externality Dic
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
G Game theory Game theory, first de
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
I ICD (see International Classifica
Page 88 and 89: Dictionary of Evidence-based Medici
Page 94 and 95: K Keynes, John Maynard (1883-1946)
Page 100 and 101: M Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is
Page 112 and 113: N N of I trial An N of 1 trial is a
Page 116 and 117: o OBM (see Opinion-based medicine)
Page 140 and 141: Figure 25 Measuring quality of life
Page 150 and 151: S Scarcity Scarcity is often referr
Page 158 and 159: T TDM (see Therapeutic drug monitor
Page 162 and 163: u Unique value effect This term is
Page 170: Z Z variate A random variable which
show all

Dictionary of Evidence-based Medicine.pdf

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?