Brain–Computer Interfaces - Index of

Brain–Computer Interface in Neurorehabilitation 165
a)
b)
c)
d)
30s 9s
% BOLD Change
Valence
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
–0,1
–0,2
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
12s
12 s
Experimental Group
Control Group
1 2 3 4
# Sessions
Aversive Pictures
1 2 3 4
Session #
30s 9s
Exp_Increase
Exp_Decrease
Cont_Increase
Cont_Decrease
Fig. 4 (a) Experimental design. A single run consisted of a 30s increase or decrease block followed
by a 9s picture presentation block, that in turn was followed by a 12s rating block. During
rating blocks, participants were shown the Self-Assessment Manikin, SAM 32 , which allow them
to evaluate emotional valence and arousal. (b) Random effects analysis on the experimental group
confirmed an increased BOLD-magnitude in the right anterior insular cortex over the course of
the experiment. (c) % BOLD increase in the anterior insula averaged in the experimental group
and control group (sham feedback) across the training sessions. (d) Valence ratings for aversive
pictures for the experimental (Exp) and control group (Cont). During the last training session,
aversive pictures presented after the increase condition were rated as significantly more negative
(lower valence) than after the decrease condition
*
12 s