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Internationaleries 41
36. The exhibition conceived as an ongoing happening included conferences and
created a huge public controversy. For more information, see CoBrA publications
such as Cobra and Le Petit Cobra. Cobra, no. 4 (1949) served as the exhibition catalog.
See Christian Dotremont, “Quelques observations à propos d’une exposition
Cobra,” in Le grand rendez-vous naturel (Caen: L’Echoppe, 1988), 41–46.
37. Gaston Bachelard, “Notes d’un philosophe pour un graveur,” Cobra, no. 6
(1950). The text was an extract from the book Paysages: Notes d’un philosophe pour
un graveur (Rolle: Eynard, 1950). See also Joseph Noiret, “Gaston Bachelard et Henri
Lefebvre dans Cobra,” in Cobra en Fange: Vandercam-Dotremont, Dessin–Ecriture–
Matière (1958–1960) (Brussels: Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1994), 37–55.
38. Gaston Bachelard, L’éau et les rêves: Essai sur l’imagination de la matière (Paris:
José Corti, 1942), 6.
39. Karl Gerstner, Kalte Kunst? Zum Standort der Heutigen Malerei (Teufen: Arthur
Niggli, 1957).
40. A good survey is in the catalog Force Fields: Phases of the Kinetic Space (Barcelona:
Museu de Arti Contamporani, 2000).
41. Asger Jorn, “Contre le Functionalism,” in Pour la forme: Ebauche d’une
méthodologie des arts (Paris: Internationale Situationniste, 1958).
42. Famous designation offered by Giuseppe-Pinot Gallizio. See Mirella Bandini,
Pinot Galizio e il laboratorio sperimentale d’alba, an exhibition catalog (Maggio: Civica
Galleria d’arte Moderna da Torino, 1974).
43. Ibid.
44. Eristica: Bollettino d’Informazione del Movemento Internazionale per Una Bauhaus
Immaginista, no. 2 (1956). The Italian word “eristica” means an act of refutation
and the rejection of an argument regardless of its truthfulness.
45. Numéro des Vacances, Potlatch 22 (September 9, 1955), 97–106. Reprinted
in Potlatch, 1954–1957.
46. “Methods of Détournement.”
47. The title of the journal was an obvious nod to Georges Bataille and his theories
of a general economy as seen in non-Western economies of the gift exchange.
See Bataille, Accursed Share.
48. See the deWnition of détournement in “Methods of Détournement.”
49. Althusser, “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses,” 144.
50. The ever-growing bibliography about both SI and LI (and for many there is
no real difference or rupture between the two collectives) is very impressive. Probably
the most exhaustive bibliography produced to date is Gianfranco Marelli’s
L’Amère victoire du situationisme. Yet, paradoxically, the abundance of historical research
is itself another conWrmation of the soundness of their theses on spectacular
recuperation.
51. See the article “A ‘Playboy’ Calls on His Memories,” New York Times, December
11, 2003.
52. Internationale Situationniste, no. 7 (April 1962).
53. See the excerpts in Situationist International Anthology, ed. Knabb; also in the
earlier work by C. Gray, Leaving the 20th Century (London: Rebel Press, 1974).
54. Guy Debord, Preface to the fourth Italian edition of “The Society of the Spectacle,”
trans. Michel Prigent and Lucy Forsyth (London: Chronos, 1979).
55. Guy Debord, Society of the Spectacle (Detroit: Black&Red, 1970).
56. Asger Jorn, Critique de la politique économique: Suivie de la lutte Wnale (Paris:
Internationale Situationniste, 1960).