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The Mexican Pentagon 189
11. The group was invited by Raquel Tibol, the prominent art critic, who had
been commissioned to curate an exhibition of young artists. Víctor Muñoz, personal
communication, January 30, 2004.
12. Ehrenberg, “En busca de un modelo para la vida.”
13. Raquel Tibol, “La calle del grupo SUMA,” Proceso 15 (February 12, 1977).
14. Néstor García Canclini, Cultura y comunicación en la Ciudad de México (Mexico
City: Grijalbo, 1998), 2:15.
15. José Joaquín Blanco, “Panorama bajo el Puente,” in Función de medianoche
(Mexico City: Era, 1981), 62–63.
16. Rem Koolhaas, “The Generic City,” in S, M, L, XL (New York: Monacelli
Press, 1995), 1253.
17. The piece was called Las ratas (The Rats) and it was presented at the exhibition
“El arte conceptual frente al problema latinoamericano” [Conceptual Art and
the Latin-American Question], held at the University’s Museo de Ciencias y Artes,
Mexico City, in 1974.
18. “Grupo Proceso Pentágono.”
19. In a different context, Lucy R. Lippard has discussed the “Trojan horse” as a
metaphor for activist art. “Maybe the Trojan Horse was the Wrst activist artwork,”
she writes. Lucy R. Lippard, “Trojan Horses: Activist Art and Power,” in Art after
Modernism: Rethinking Representation, ed. Brian Wallis (New York: New Museum of
Contemporary Art, 1984), 341.
20. Códice, a Wfth group, was invited to the Biennale at the last minute. The
members of Proceso Pentágono claim that the group was an invention of cultural
bureaucrats in order to sneak their artists, who had worked as individuals until then,
into the exhibition.
21. Felipe Ehrenberg, “¿Quién es Ángel Kalenberg?” in Expediente Bienal X: La
historia documentada de un complot frustrado (Mexico City: Editorial Libro Acción
Libre, 1980), 27–31.
22. Ángel Kalenberg, letter to Helen Escobedo, March 9, 1977, in Expediente
Bienal X, 41–43.
23. Ibid.
24. Grupo Tetraedro, Grupo Proceso Pentágono, Grupo SUMA, Grupo Taller
de Arte e Ideología, letter to Georges Boudaille, April 21, 1977, in Expediente Bienal
X, 53–57.
25. Ibid., 55.
26. Raquel Tibol, “México a la Bienal de París en línea directa,” Proceso 30 (May
30, 1977); reprinted in Expediente Bienal X, 77.
27. Georges Boudaille, letter to Grupo Proceso Pentágono et al., May 3, 1977,
in Expediente Bienal X, 61–62.
28. Gabriel García Márquez, untitled text, in Presencia de México en la X Bienal
de París, unpaginated.
29. Severo Sarduy, “Un baroque en colère,” in Amérique Latine: 10e Biennale de
Paris (Paris: Palais de Tokyo, 1977), 8.
30. Ángel Kalenberg, “Hoy por hoy,” in Amérique Latine, 3.
31. “Grupo Proceso Pentágono.”
32. Dominique Liqouis, De los grupos, los individuos (Mexico City: Museo de arte
Carrillo Gil/INBA, 1985), 29.
33. Víctor Muñoz, personal communication, January 30, 2004.
34. Felipe Ehrenberg, “Prólogo,” in Expediente Bienal X, 6.