Changes in <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>Extreme</strong>s and their Impacts on the Natural Physical EnvironmentChapter 3Nicholls, N. and L. Alexander, 2007: Has the climate become more variable orextreme? Progress 1992-2006. Progress in Physical Geography, 31(1), 77-87.Nicholls, R.J., 2010: Impacts <strong>of</strong> and responses to sea-level rise. In: UnderstandingSea-Level Rise and Variability [Church, J.A., P.L. Woodworth, T. Aarup, and W.S.Wilson (eds.)]. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK, pp. 17-51.Nicholls, R.J. and A.C. de la Vega-Leinert, 2008: Implications <strong>of</strong> sea-level rise forEurope’s coasts: An introduction. Journal <strong>of</strong> Coastal Research, 24(2), 285-287.Nicholls, R.J., P.P. Wong, V.R. Burkett, J.O. Codignotto, J.E. Hay, R.F. McLean, S.Ragoonaden, and C.D. Woodr<strong>of</strong>fe, 2007: Coastal systems and low-lying areas.In: <strong>Climate</strong> Change 2007. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. 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Cabre, 2009: Regional climate change experimentsover southern South America. II: <strong>Climate</strong> change scenarios in the late twentyfirstcentury. <strong>Climate</strong> Dynamics, 32(7-8), 1081-1095.Nyberg, J., B.A. Malmgren, A. Winter, M.R. Jury, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, and T.M.Quinn, 2007: Low Atlantic hurricane activity in the 1970s and 1980s comparedto the past 270 years. Nature, 447(7145), 698-701.O’Gorman, P.A., 2010: Understanding the varied response <strong>of</strong> the extratropical stormtracks to climate change. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the National Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences,107(45), 19176-19180.O’Gorman, P.A. and T. Schneider, 2008: Energy <strong>of</strong> midlatitude transient eddies inidealized simulations <strong>of</strong> changed climates. Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>Climate</strong>, 21(22), 5797-5806.O’Gorman, P.A. and T. 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Stone, 2007: Testing the Clausius-Clapeyron constrainton changes in extreme precipitation under CO 2 warming. <strong>Climate</strong> Dynamics,28(4), 351-363.Pall, P., T. Aina, D.A. Stone, P.A. Stott, T. Nozawa, A.G.J. Hilbberts, D. Lohmann, andM.R. Allen, 2011: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas contribution to flood risk inEngland and Wales in autumn 2000. Nature, 470(7334), 382-385.Palmer, W.C., 1965: Meteorological Drought. Report 45, US Weather Bureau,Washington, DC.Pan, Z.T., R.W. Arritt, E.S. Takle, W.J. Gutowski, C.J. Anderson, and M. Segal, 2004:Altered hydrologic feedback in a warming climate introduces a “warminghole.” Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L17109.Pattanaik, D.R. and M. Rajeevan, 2010: Variability <strong>of</strong> extreme rainfall events overIndia during southwest monsoon season. Meteorological Applications, 17(1),88-104.Paul, F. and W. Haeberli, 2008: Spatial variability <strong>of</strong> glacier elevation changes in theSwiss Alps obtained from two digital elevation models. Geophysical ResearchLetters, 35, L21502.Paul, F., A. Kääb, M. Maisch, T. Kellenberger, and W. Haeberli, 2004: Rapid disintegration<strong>of</strong> Alpine glaciers observed with satellite data. Geophysical Research Letters,31, L21402.Pavan, V., R. Tomozeiu, C. Cacciamani, and M. Di Lorenzo, 2008: Daily precipitationobservations over Emilia-Romagna: mean values and extremes. InternationalJournal <strong>of</strong> Climatology, 28(15), 2065-2079.Peel, M.C. and T.A. McMahon, 2006: Continental run<strong>of</strong>f: A quality-controlled globalrun<strong>of</strong>f data set. Nature, 444(E14-E15).Penalba, O.C. and F.A. 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Zacharias,2007a: Changes in storm track and cyclone activity in three SRES ensembleexperiments with the ECHAM5/MPI-OM1 GCM. <strong>Climate</strong> Dynamics, 29(2-3),195-210.Pinto, J.G., E.L. Frohlich, G.C. Leckebusch, and U. Ulbrich, 2007b: Changing Europeanstorm loss potentials under modified climate conditions according to ensemblesimulations <strong>of</strong> the ECHAM5/MPI-OM1 GCM. Natural Hazards and Earth SystemSciences, 7(1), 165-175.Pinto, J.G., S. Zacharias, A.H. Fink, G.C. Leckebusch, and U. Ulbrich, 2009: Factorscontributing to the development <strong>of</strong> extreme North Atlantic cyclones and theirrelationship with the NAO. <strong>Climate</strong> Dynamics, 32(5), 711-737.Pinto, J.G., M. Reyers, and U. Ulbrich, 2011: The variable link between PNA and NAOin observations and in multi-century CGCM simulations. <strong>Climate</strong> Dynamics,36(1), 337-354.Pirazzoli, P.A., and A. 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I Foreword and Preface
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Managing the Risks from Climate Ext
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National Systems for Managing the R
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Managing the Risks: International L
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Toward a Sustainable and Resilient
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Case StudiesChapter 9Table of Conte
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Case StudiesChapter 99.1. Introduct
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Case StudiesChapter 9••••
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Case StudiesChapter 9Hallegatte, S.
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Case StudiesChapter 9O’Neill, M.S
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Case StudiesChapter 9Skaff, M. and
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Case StudiesChapter 9Visser, R. and
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ANNEXI Authors and Expert Reviewers
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Annex IAuthors and Expert Reviewers
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ANNEXIIGlossary of TermsThis annex
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Annex IIGlossary of Termswater vapo
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Annex IIGlossary of TermsImpactsEff
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Annex IIGlossary of Termsforcing is
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ANNEXIIIAcronyms565
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Annex IIIAcronymsNAMNAONAPANaTechND
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ANNEXIVList of Major IPCC Reports56
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Annex IVList of Major IPCC ReportsC
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Index573
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Indexresilience building, 378touris
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IndexEM-DAT database, 364Emissions
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Indextransformation and, 324See als
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IndexRisk sharing, 10-11, 397, 523i