IPCC_Managing Risks of Extreme Events.pdf - Climate Access

National Systems for Managing the Risks from Climate Extremes and DisastersChapter 6Table 6-1 | National policies, plans, and programs: a selection of disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change options by selected sectors.Sector/ResponseNaturalEcosystemsand Forestry‘No regrets’ and ‘low regrets’actions for current and futurerisks• Use of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA)or ‘soft engineering’; integrate disasterrisk reduction and climate into integratedcoastal zone and water resourcesmanagement, forest management, andland use management; conserve, enhanceresilience of ecosystems; restoreprotective ecosystem services 1• Adaptive forest management; forest firemanagement, controlled burns;agroforestry; biodiversity 2• Reduce forest degradation, unsustainableharvests, and provide incentives foralternate livelihoods, eco-tourism 6(‘No/low regrets’ optionsplus…) Preparing forclimate change risks byreducing uncertainties(building capacity)• Synergies between UNFCCC andRio Conventions; avoid actionsthat interfere with goals ofother UN conventions 3• Research on climate change–ecosystem–forest links, climateand ecosystem predictionsystems, climate changeprojections; monitor ecosystemand climate trends 3• Incorporate ecosystemmanagement into NationalAdaptation Programmes ofAction and disaster riskreduction plans 3(“Preparing for climatechange” risks plus...)Reduce risks from futureclimate change• Adaptation to climate changeinterventions to maintainecosystem resilience; corridors,assisted migrations; plan EbA forclimate change 4• Seed, genetic banks; newgenetics; tree speciesimprovements to maintainecosystem services in future;adaptive agroforestry 4• Changed timber harvestmanagement, new technologiesfor adaptation to climatechange, new uses to conserveforest ecosystem services 4Risk transfer• Micro-finance andinsurance tocompensate for lostlivelihoods 5• Investments inadditional insurance,government reservefunds for increased risksdue to loss of protectiveecosystem services 5Agricultureand FoodSecurity• Food security via sustainable land andwater management, training; efficientwater use, storage; agro-forestry;protection shelters, crop and livestockdiversification; improved supply of climatestress tolerant seeds; integrated pest,disease management 8• Climate monitoring; improved weatherpredictions; disaster management, cropyield and distribution models andpredictions 9• Increased agriculture-climateresearch and development 10• Research on climate tolerantcrops, livestock; agrobiodiversityfor genetics 10• Integration of climate changescenarios into nationalagronomic assessments 11• Diversification of rural economiesfor sensitive agriculturalpractices 10• Adaptive agricultural andagroforestry practices for newclimates, extremes 12• New and enhanced agriculturalweather, climate predictionservices 11• Food emergency planning;distribution and infrastructurenetworks 12• Diversify rural economies 12• Improved access to crop,livestock, and incomeloss insurance (e.g.,weather derivatives) 13• Micro-financing andmicro-insurance 13• Subsidies, tax credits 13Coastal Zoneand Fisheries• EbA; integrated coastal zonemanagement (ICZM); combat salinity;alternate drinking water availability; softand hard engineering 15• Strengthen institutional, regulatory, andlegal instruments; setbacks; tourismdevelopment planning 16• Marine protected areas, monitoring fishstocks, alter catch quantities, effort,timing; salt-tolerant fish species 17• Climate risk reduction planning; hazarddelineation; improve weather forecasts,warnings, environmental prediction 16• Climate change projections forcoastal management planning;develop modeling capacity forcoastal zone-climate links;climate-linked ecological andresource predictions; improvedmonitoring, geographic andother databases for coastalmanagement 18• Monitor fisheries; selectivebreeding for aquaculture, fishgenetic stocks; research on salttolerantcrop varieties 19• Incorporate adaptation toclimate change, sea level riseinto ICZM, coastal defenses 18• Hard and ‘soft’ engineering foradaptation to climate change;sustainable tourismdevelopment planning; resilientvessels and coastal facilities 16• Manage for changed fisheries,invasives 20• Inland lakes: alter transportationand industrial practices, soft andhard engineering 20• Enhance insurance forcoastal regions andresources; fisheriesinsurance 21• Government reservefunds 21Accept and deal withincreased andunavoidable (residual)risks• Replace lost ecosystemservices through additionalhard engineering, healthmeasures 6• Restore loss of damagedecosystems 6• Changed livelihoods andrelocations in regions withclimate sensitive practices 12• Secure emergency stock andimprove distribution of foodand water for emergencies 12• Enhance emergencypreparedness measures formore frequent and intenseextremes, including moreevacuations 16• Relocations of communities,infrastructure 16• Exit fishing; provide alternatelivelihoods 19‘Win-win’ synergies forGHG reduction,adaptation, riskreduction, anddevelopment benefits• Sustainable afforestation (forrobust forests), reforestation,conservation of forests, wetlandsand peatlands, sustainable andincreased biomass; land use,land-use change, and forestry;reducing emissions fromdeforestation 7• Incentives for sustainablesequestration of carbon;sustainable bio-energy; energyself-sufficiency 7• Energy efficient and sustainablecarbon sequestering practices;training; reduced use of chemicalfertilizers 14• Use of bio-gas from agriculturalwaste and animal excreta 14• Agroforestry 14• Use of sustainable renewableenergy; conservation, energyself-sufficiency (especially forislands, coastal regions) 22• Offshore renewable energy foralternate incomes andaquaculture habitat 22Continued next page352