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Christopher S. Thompson
50. Departmental Archives of Meuse, series 251M1 (“Associations. Sociétés sportives.
Autorisations. Dissolutions.”).
51. L’Est Républicain (Nancy) (August 30, 1905).
52. L’Echo de Longwy (December 18, 1910).
53. The following summary is derived from Paul Sainmont, Le Véloce-Club de Tours et
le doyen des cyclistes de France (Tours: Librairie Péricat, 1902).
54. Bruno Dumons, Gilles Pollet, and Muriel Berjat, Naissance du sport moderne (Lyon:
La Manufacture, 1987), p. 31. The bicycle tax which was imposed during this period
provides us with precise figures, but only for those machines that were taxed. They
constitute therefore an absolute minimum given that there were undoubtedly bicycle owners
who chose not to declare their machines throughout the period this tax was in effect.
55. Richard Holt makes a similar argument about the motivations of lower-class
members of French gymnastics clubs at this time in Richard Holt, Sport and Society in
Modern France (Hamden, CT: Archon, 1981), ch. 3.
56. See Pierre Arnaud (ed.), Les Origines du sport ouvrier en Europe (Paris: L’Harmattan,
1994), especially pp. 29–85, 111–27, 141–65.
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