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Robert Goodrich
even medicinal drinking. All attempts to impose abstinence failed miserably
because they did not account for clearly understood but evolving meanings of
drink to workers. As a result, temperance initiatives in the KAB only alienated
members. Over time, the KAB accommodated the drinking requirements of its
members, even making excuses for their drinking.
Notes
1. This chapter comes from broader themes developed in my dissertation, “The Selective
Appropriation of Modernity: Leisure, Gender and the Catholic Workingmen’s Clubs of
Cologne, 1885–1914” (dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000).
2. Peter Fröhlich, Es war ein langer Weg: Erinnerungen eines alten Kölners (Cologne:
Willi Glomb, 1976), pp. 28–30.
3. For a discussion of alcohol reform discourses in Germany, especially in the relationship
of workers to the “drink question,” see James S. Roberts, Drink, Temperance and the
Working Class in Nineteenth-Century Germany (Winchester, MA.: Allen & Unwin, 1984).
4. For a critical review of this literature in France see Michael Marrus, “Social Drinking
in the Belle Epoque,” Journal of Social History 7 (1974), pp. 115–41. For criticism of
Marrus’s disinterest in popular attitudes see Susanna Barrows, “After the Commune:
Alcoholism, Temperance and Literature in the Early Third Republic,” in John M. Merriman
(ed.), Consciousness and Class Experience in Nineteenth-Century Europe (New York:
Holmes and Meier, 1979), pp. 205–18.
5. See Paul E. Reckner and Stephen A. Brighton, “‘Free from all vicious habits’:
Archaeological Perspectives on Class Conflict and the Rhetoric of Temperance,” Historical
Archaeology 33, 1 (1999), pp. 63–86. For a formative debate on class-based assumptions
to alcohol consumption see the exchanges between James S. Roberts and Irmgard Vogt:
James S. Roberts, “Der Alkoholkonsum deutscher Arbeiter im 19. Jahrhundert,” Geschichte
und Gesellschaft 6 (1980), pp. 220–42; James S. Roberts, “Drink and Working Class Living
Standards”: Irmgard Vogt, “Einige Fragen zum Alkoholkonsum der Arbeiter,” Geschichte
und Gesellschaft 8 (1982), pp. 134–40; Irmgard Vogt, “Alkoholkonsum, Industrialisierung
und Klassenkonflikt,” in Gisela Vögler and Karin von Welck (eds), Rausch und Realität:
Drogen im Kulturvergleich, vol. 1 (Reinbek, 1982), pp. 202–11.
6. F. Gerlach, “Trinkhallen,” in Eduard Lent (ed.), Köln in hygienischer Beziehung:
Festschrift für die Teilnehmer an der XXIII. Versammlung des Deutschen Vereins für
Öffentliche Gesundheitspflege zur Feier des XXVjährigen Bestehens des Vereins. Im Auftrag
der Verwaltung und Vertretung der Stadt Köln und des Niederrheinischen Vereins für
Öffentliche Gesundheitspflege (Cologne: M. Dumont Schauberg, 1898), pp. 90–1.
7. See Michael Grüttner, “Alkoholkonsum in der Arbeiterschaft, 1871-1939,” in Toni
Pierenkemper (ed.) Haushalt und Verbrauch in historisches Perspektive: zum Wandel des
privaten Verbrauchs in Deutschland im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (St. Katharinen: Scripta,
1987), pp. 229–73. For a review of quantitative alcohol consumption in Germany during
the nineteenth century, including a review of Grüttner’s data, see Gerhard A. Ritter and
Klaus Tenfelde, Arbeiter im Deutschen Kaiserreich (Bonn: Dietz, 1992), pp. 510–16. For
France see Sally Ledermann, Alcool, alcoolisme, alcoolisation, 2 vols (Paris, 1956–64).
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