Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Etn-presco.net

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DESIGN TO O L S.AAMASKY, Skylight Design Analysis Tool. Easy-to-use design tool for layout and energycostand performance modeling of simple skylit spaces. Developed by LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Contact: American Architecture ManufacturersAssociation (AAMA), (708) 202-1350.ADELINE. Advanced integrated lighting design and analysis package, incorporating DXFinput capability, SCRIBE MODELLER, PLINK, SUPERLIGHT, SUPERLINK, and RADI-ANCE, for detailed and advanced analysis of complex buildings. Available for MS-DOS486 platforms. Developed by LBNL. Contact: Steve Selkowitz, (510) 486-5064.Building Design Advisor (BDA). Easy-to-use design tool for preliminary design phase beingdeveloped by LBNL. Alpha version currently available Contact: ConstantinosPapamichael, (510) 486-6854.DAYLITE, Daylighting design tool. Available for MS-DOS 386 and 486. Developed by theGraduate School of Architecture, University of California at Los Angeles. Contact:Murray Milne, (310) 825-7370.D O E - 2. Building envelope, building systems, and daylighting analysis package. DOEVersion 2.1E available for MS-DOS and Windows (386 and 486) and UNIX workstations.Developed by LBNL. Contact: Fred Winkleman, (510) 486-4925.ENERGY-10, Low-Rise Building Design. Design manual and software. Windows-environmentprogram for small commercial buildings allows early design evaluation of 16energy-saving stategies including daylighting. Developed by National RenewableEnergy Laboratory (NREL), Passive Solar Industries Council (PSIC), U.S. Department ofEnergy, and LBNL. Contact: Blaine Collison at PSIC, (202) 628-7400.LUMEN MICRO 6.0. PC program that enables calculation of average illuminance, evaluatedusing the zonal cavity method, and point-by-point horizontal and vertical illuminances;generating tables, iso-contour maps, or perspective renderings of spaceslighted with equipment or daylighting components specified by the user. Availablethrough Lighting Technologies, Boulder, CO.P O W E R D O E. Windows-environment version of DOE-2 with user-friendly interface.Available in early 1996. Developed by LBNL. Contact: Fred Winkleman, (510) 486-4925.RADIANCE. Lighting and daylighting modeling tool for performing accurate photorealisticlighting simulation. Available for UNIX workstations. Developed by LBNL.Contact: Charles Erlich, (510) 486-7916.SUPERLITE 2.0. Daylighting analysis tool. Available for MS-DOS 386 and 486. Developedby LBNL. Contact: Rob Hitchcock, (510) 486-4154..N OT E SI1 Joseph Romm and William Browning, Greening the Building and the Bottom Line: Increasing Productivity ThroughEnergy-Efficient Design (Snowmass, Colo.: Rocky Mountain Institute, 1994).2 Belinda Collins, Windows and People. An anthology of daylighting studies and surveys.3 Advanced Design Research Group, Daylighting Research and Product Development—White Paper ( A n d e r s e nWindows, 1993).4 Energy savings from daylighting are documented in numerous examples and studies including: E-Source,Lighting Technology Atlas, Rocky Mountain Institute, 1988; S. Gates and J. Wilcox, Daylighting Analysis forClassrooms using DOE-21b, International Daylighting Conference (Phoenix, Febrarary 1983); R. McCluney, TheCase for Daylighting: An Annotated Bibliography. (Cape Canaveral, Fla.: Florida Solar Energy Center, May1984);Gordon, et al., Performance Overview: Passive Solar Energy for Non-Residential Buildings (Burt Hill KosarRittelmann Associates, March 1985); M. Weaver, “Retrofitting with Skylights Can Net Six-month Paybacks”,Energy User News, July 4, 1983; and G. Franta, “Environmentally Sustainable Architecture in a Health CareFacility,” and J.L. McGregor, “Emerging Solar Concentrating Daylighting System,” in Proceedings of Energy,Environment, and Architecture Conference, (Atlanta, American Institute of Architects, Committee on theEnvironment, December 1991).5 E-Source, Lighting Technology Atlas (Snowmass, Colo.: Rocky Mountain Institute, 1994), 21.6 E-Source, Lighting Technology Atlas, 21; and U.S. Energy Information Service, Annual Energy Consumption Report(Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1994).7 Advanced Design Research Group, Daylighting Research and Product Development—White Paper.
8 Illuminating Engineering Society. IES Lighting Handbook. (New York: IES, 1979).9 Adapted from S.R. Hastings, ed., Passive Solar Commercial and Institutional Buildings: A Sourcebook of Examples andDesign Insights, International Energy Agency: Solar Heating & Cooling Programme (West Sussex, England: JohnWiley & Sons, 1994), 186.10 Lilian O. Beltran, Eleanor S. Lee, Stephen E. Selkowitz, K. M. Papamichael, The Design and Evaluation of ThreeAdvanced Daylighting Systems: Light Shelves, Light Pipes and Skylights. (Berkeley: Building Technologies ProgramEnergy and Environment Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, 1994).11 Charles George Ramsey, Ramsey/Sleeper Architectural Graphic Standards (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1988), 728-7 2 9 .12 E-Source, 57.13 TIR Systems Ltd., Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; and 3M Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota hold patents on“Light Pipe” and “Scotchlamp” products respectively.14 E-Source, 54.
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SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
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Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
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AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
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Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . .
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The industry’s growing sustainabi
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OverviewSustainable Building Techni
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I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
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Locally, public and private leaders
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Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
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PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
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oughly $60 billion each year in med
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MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
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CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
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ology avoids false precision by col
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non-dominant alternatives within al
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BEES will accommodate different lev
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CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
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Environmental design guidelines, al
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the project. The building program s
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cise can produce valuable informati
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By December 1994, the city’s Depa
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PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
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The use, scale, and structural syst
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RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
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❑ Identify alternative site desig
Page 51 and 52: Building and Site Orientation (see
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
Page 55 and 56: POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
Page 57 and 58: SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.
Page 59 and 60: use vary by locality. If rainfall i
Page 61 and 62: methods of dealing with centralized
Page 63 and 64: SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
Page 65 and 66: GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
Page 67 and 68: Soil fertility not only supports pl
Page 69 and 70: . ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 71 and 72: ❑ Carefully distinguish between l
Page 73 and 74: Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
Page 75 and 76: Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
Page 77 and 78: OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
Page 79 and 80: As local governments consider site
Page 81 and 82: ■ Provide guidelines for building
Page 83 and 84: the collection and use of rainwater
Page 85 and 86: and global warming, by the strategi
Page 87 and 88: SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
Page 89 and 90: Passive building design starts with
Page 91 and 92: Daylighting requires the correct pl
Page 93 and 94: - Determine the optimal effective a
Page 95 and 96: controlled by the reflectivity of t
Page 97 and 98: installations require diffuse glazi
Page 99 and 100: ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
Page 101: shading coefficient. A luminous eff
Page 105 and 106: Decisions about construction detail
Page 107 and 108: ❑ Select the proper glazing for w
Page 109 and 110: guidelines, examples, and reference
Page 111 and 112: Thermal mass and energy storage are
Page 113 and 114: ❑ Consider other cooling strategi
Page 115 and 116: Active Solar Systems★ S I G N I F
Page 117 and 118: from the storage tank, or by flushi
Page 119 and 120: P h o t ovo l t a i c s★ S I G N
Page 121 and 122: Solar Energy Research Institute. Th
Page 123 and 124: SECTION BBuildings Systems andIndoo
Page 125 and 126: After the energy crisis, design and
Page 127 and 128: ❑ Optimize system efficiency.HVAC
Page 129 and 130: ❑ Consider thermal energy storage
Page 131 and 132: ❑ Perform a pre-occupancy flushou
Page 133 and 134: ❑ Match the quality of light to t
Page 135 and 136: Renovation and Retrofit Issues❑ C
Page 137 and 138: Plumbing Systems★ S I G N I F I C
Page 139 and 140: - Energy learning centers with clas
Page 141 and 142: .N OT E SI1 Armory B. Lovins and Ro
Page 143 and 144: These organisms can affect occupant
Page 145 and 146: Design PrinciplesDesign for improve
Page 147 and 148: 3. International Agency on Research
Page 149 and 150: - Clean air shafts, occupied areas
Page 151 and 152: educe the exposure of the interior
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❑ Develop and provide the buildin
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CHAPTER 14Acoustics★ S I G N I F
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RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BAC
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❑ In highly sound-sensitive areas
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CHAPTER 15BuildingCo m m i s s i o
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EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE CO
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the successful completion of each p
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.I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPortland En
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Much has been written and a great d
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LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUILDINGNote: See G
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BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM FOR MAT
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■ The inventory of input material
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CHAPTER 16Ma t e r i a l sIntroduct
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can be extreme. However, in a hot,
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(Refer to the “Environmental Impa
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❑ Resource-efficient options- Det
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❑ Health and pollution issues- Ro
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- Some tile is available with recyc
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- One method of low-emission carpet
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- Tropical hardwoods are common in
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CHAPTER 17S p e c i f i c a t i o n
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products such as alternative agricu
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CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
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.L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
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PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
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cost, within the tightest time-fram
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Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
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HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
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- Install motion sensors for securi
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CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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tractors the option of using multip
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PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
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CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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Temperature and Humidity Control- C
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
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While renovation often provides an
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tions. Will be of interest to those
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5.Develop procedures to address acc
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❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
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❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
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sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
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➤The Environmental and Conservati
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PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
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Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
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Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
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A unique feature of the installatio
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Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
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Product CertificationSeveral entiti
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ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
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The systems module simulates the op
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City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
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Studies have indicated that increas
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Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
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Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
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Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
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the “Primary output” of the pre
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Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
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to building owners, designers, and
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Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A
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