Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Etn-presco.net

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PART IEconomics andE nv i ro n m e n tIntroductionSustainable development is the challenge of meeting growing human needs for naturalresources, industrial products, energy, food, transportation, shelter, and effective wastemanagement while conserving and protecting environmental quality and the naturalresource base essential for future life and development. This concept recognizes thatmeeting long-term human needs will be impossible unless we also conserve the earth’snatural physical, chemical, and biological systems. 1Sustainable development concepts, applied to the design, construction, and operation ofbuildings, can enhance both the economic well-being and environmental health of communitiesin the United States and around the world. The Union Internationale desArchitects/American Institute of Architects (UIA/AIA) World Congress of Architects recognizedthat in its 1993 Declaration of Interdependence, which acknowledges that buildingsand the built environment play a major role in the human impact on the naturalenvironment and on the quality of life. If sustainable design principles are incorporatedinto building projects, benefits can include resource and energy efficiency, healthy buildingsand materials, ecologically and socially sensitive land use, transportation efficiency,and strengthened local economies and communities.In the United States, federal agencies and the building industry, under the leadership ofthe National Science and Technology Council, have undertaken the development ofgoals for improved construction practices. These National Construction Goals promiseenormous benefits for the nation, in terms of both economic prosperity and generalwell-being. Embracing sustainability concepts, the goals aim to reduce energy, operation,and maintenance costs; reduce building-related illnesses; increase the productivity andcomfort of building occupants; reduce waste and pollution; and increase building andcomponent durability and flexibility. 2PART I: ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT I.1
Locally, public and private leaders have realized the economic and environmentalbenefits of green building practices and are instituting policies, developing buildingguidelines, and manufacturing products and systems that will achieve sustainabledevelopment goals.This section of the manual examines the economic benefits and environmental ramificationsof green buildings, and outlines a life-cycle assessment process that buildingprofessionals can use to understand the environmental and economic impact ofup-front building design decisions over the full life of a property..N OT E SI1 Sustainable development definition from the Civil Engineering Research Foundation, Washington, D.C.2 National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Civilian Industrial Technology, Subcommittee onConstruction and Building, Construction and Building: Federal Research and Development in Support of the U.S.Construction Industry (Washington, D.C.: National Science and Technology Council, 1995).I.2 PART I: ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT
Page 1 and 2: SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
Page 3 and 4: Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
Page 5 and 6: AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
Page 7 and 8: Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . .
Page 9 and 10: The industry’s growing sustainabi
Page 11 and 12: OverviewSustainable Building Techni
Page 13: I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
Page 17 and 18: Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
Page 19 and 20: PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
Page 21 and 22: oughly $60 billion each year in med
Page 23 and 24: MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
Page 27 and 28: ology avoids false precision by col
Page 29 and 30: non-dominant alternatives within al
Page 31 and 32: BEES will accommodate different lev
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
Page 35 and 36: Environmental design guidelines, al
Page 37 and 38: the project. The building program s
Page 39 and 40: cise can produce valuable informati
Page 41 and 42: By December 1994, the city’s Depa
Page 43 and 44: PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
Page 45 and 46: The use, scale, and structural syst
Page 47 and 48: RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
Page 49 and 50: ❑ Identify alternative site desig
Page 51 and 52: Building and Site Orientation (see
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
Page 55 and 56: POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
Page 57 and 58: SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.
Page 59 and 60: use vary by locality. If rainfall i
Page 61 and 62: methods of dealing with centralized
Page 63 and 64: SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
Page 65 and 66:
GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
Page 67 and 68:
Soil fertility not only supports pl
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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❑ Carefully distinguish between l
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Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
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Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
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OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
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As local governments consider site
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■ Provide guidelines for building
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the collection and use of rainwater
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and global warming, by the strategi
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SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
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Passive building design starts with
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Daylighting requires the correct pl
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- Determine the optimal effective a
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controlled by the reflectivity of t
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installations require diffuse glazi
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ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
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shading coefficient. A luminous eff
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8 Illuminating Engineering Society.
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Decisions about construction detail
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❑ Select the proper glazing for w
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guidelines, examples, and reference
Page 111 and 112:
Thermal mass and energy storage are
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❑ Consider other cooling strategi
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Active Solar Systems★ S I G N I F
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from the storage tank, or by flushi
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P h o t ovo l t a i c s★ S I G N
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Solar Energy Research Institute. Th
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SECTION BBuildings Systems andIndoo
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After the energy crisis, design and
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❑ Optimize system efficiency.HVAC
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❑ Consider thermal energy storage
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❑ Perform a pre-occupancy flushou
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❑ Match the quality of light to t
Page 135 and 136:
Renovation and Retrofit Issues❑ C
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Plumbing Systems★ S I G N I F I C
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- Energy learning centers with clas
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.N OT E SI1 Armory B. Lovins and Ro
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These organisms can affect occupant
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Design PrinciplesDesign for improve
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3. International Agency on Research
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- Clean air shafts, occupied areas
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educe the exposure of the interior
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❑ Develop and provide the buildin
Page 155 and 156:
CHAPTER 14Acoustics★ S I G N I F
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RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BAC
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❑ In highly sound-sensitive areas
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CHAPTER 15BuildingCo m m i s s i o
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EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE CO
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the successful completion of each p
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.I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPortland En
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Much has been written and a great d
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LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUILDINGNote: See G
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BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM FOR MAT
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■ The inventory of input material
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CHAPTER 16Ma t e r i a l sIntroduct
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can be extreme. However, in a hot,
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(Refer to the “Environmental Impa
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❑ Resource-efficient options- Det
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❑ Health and pollution issues- Ro
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- Some tile is available with recyc
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- One method of low-emission carpet
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- Tropical hardwoods are common in
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CHAPTER 17S p e c i f i c a t i o n
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products such as alternative agricu
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CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
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.L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
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PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
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cost, within the tightest time-fram
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Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
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HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
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- Install motion sensors for securi
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CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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tractors the option of using multip
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PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
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CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
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Page 239 and 240:
Temperature and Humidity Control- C
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❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
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While renovation often provides an
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tions. Will be of interest to those
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5.Develop procedures to address acc
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❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
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❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
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sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
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➤The Environmental and Conservati
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PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
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Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
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Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
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A unique feature of the installatio
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Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
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Product CertificationSeveral entiti
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ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
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The systems module simulates the op
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City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
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Studies have indicated that increas
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Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
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Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
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Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
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the “Primary output” of the pre
Page 287 and 288:
Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
Page 289 and 290:
to building owners, designers, and
Page 291:
Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A
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