❑ Implement an integrated pest management program using only pre-authorizedand non-hazardous chemicals that do not violate the integrity of building IAQ.Use chemicals only when there is a problem, not for scheduled preventive maintenance(see Chapter 7, “Site Materials and Equipment”).❑ Select low-emitting, environmentally friendly cleaning agents for use in regularmaintenance (see Chapter 22, “Housekeeping and Custodial Practices”).❑ Prepare project specifications with appropriate warranties and, where appropriate,with extended maintenance contracts (see Chapter 17, “Specifications”).❑ Institute a tenant policy for IAQ practices, including a no-smoking rule.❑ Adopt specific procedures for building operators to notify tenants when hazardouschemicals are used.❑ Prepare an IAQ plan to be administered by the building IAQ manager. The planshould include the following:– The building commissioning design documentation with a description of the buildingand its systems, the function and occupancy of each individual room or space,the normal operating hours, and any known contaminants and hazards;– Schematic drawings of the building systems indicating equipment types, their locations,and their maintenance and inspection points;– Locations of system manuals and commissioning reports, as-built drawings, watertreatmentlogs, inspection reports, and training manuals;– Performance criteria and operating setpoints for each operating unit, includingdomestic water system and normal humidity levels;– Sequence of operations for equipment and systems along with seasonal startup andshutdown procedures;– Daily operating schedules of all systems;– Preventive-maintenance and inspection schedules for equipment;– Test-and-balance report and airflow rates listed by area;– Required outdoor-air rates and building pressurization requirements;– <strong>Building</strong> IAQ inspection checklists;– Equipment maintenance checklists;– Procedure for documenting and responding to occupant complaints; and– IAQ documentation.❑ Prepare a maintenance plan with a schedule and budget for the HVAC systems,building materials, and furniture. The maintenance plan should include thefollowing:– HVAC Systems:a. Maintain water treatment at cooling towers;b. Change filters;c. Lubricate dampers;d. Eliminate standing water and excessive moisture;e. Clean condensate pan; andf. Clean coils and supply-air ducts.– Carpets:a. Clean with vacuum cleaners equipped with HEPA filters.b. Deep clean carpets periodically using water-extraction to remove particulatesand contaminants that have accumulated at the base layer of the carpet.– Chairs:a. Clean and vacuum regularly.– Office Systems:a. Clean regularly.– Other Finish Materials:a. Inspect regularly for microbial growth and remove material or finish if fungusis found.(See also Chapter 21, “<strong>Building</strong> Operations and Maintenance,” and Chapter 22,“Housekeeping and Custodial Practices.”)
❑ Develop and provide the building operators with complete operations and maintenancemanuals and a plan for appropriate system operation training.(See Chapter 15, “<strong>Building</strong> Commissioning,” for additional information.)❑ After the tenants have occupied a new or remodeled building, implement postoccupancybuilding commissioning and flush out the building as necessary tofine-tune the building systems under normal operating conditions.❑ Develop a plan to provide post-occupancy building commissioning on a regularbasis every few years.(See Chapter 15, “<strong>Building</strong> Commissioning,” for additional information.)(See also Chapter 12, “HVAC, Electrical, and Plumbing Systems,” and Chapter 21, “<strong>Building</strong>Operations and Maintenance,” for additional information.)➜ R E S O U R C E SICalifornia Environmental Protection Agency. Chemical Cross Index, Chemical List of ListsSacramento: California EPA, March 1995. Updated approximately every six months.For copies, call (800) 808-8058 (in California only) or (916) 327-1848.Cone, James E., and Michael J. Hodgson. Problem <strong>Building</strong>s: <strong>Building</strong>-Associated Illness andthe Sick <strong>Building</strong> Syndrome. Vol. 4, no. 4 of Occupational Medicine: State of the ArtReviews. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1989. Articles by individual contributors onhealth effects, ventilation, and materials relating to indoor air quality.Gravesen, Suzanne; Jens C. Frisvad; Robert A. Samson. M i c r o f u n g i. Copenhagen, Denmark:Special-Trykkeriet Viborg a/s, 1994. Provides information on fungi found in buildingsand their health effects. Illustrations are provided for identification purposes.Hayes, Steve M.; Ronald V. Gobbell; and Nicholas R. Ganick. Indoor Air Quality, Solutionsand Strategies. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1995. Provides a guide to the fundamentalsof indoor air quality design.Levin, Hal, ed. Indoor Air Bulletin—Technology, Research and News for Indoor EnvironmentalQuality. Provides updates on current research, debates, and conferences in the indoorair quality community in a periodical guide format.Lewis, Richard J., Sr. Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, 3d ed. New York: Van NostrandReinhold, 1993. Information on the toxicity of more than 5,630 chemicals is providedfor use in interpreting MSDSs and emission test reports.Morey, P.R. “Suggested Guidance on Prevention of Microbial Contamination for theNext Revision of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989.” Proceedings of IAQ ’94, Atlanta: AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1994..N OT E SI1 Steve M. Hayes, Ronald V. Gobbell, and Nicholas R. Ganick, Indoor Air Quality, Solutions and Strategies ( N e wYork: McGraw-Hill, 1995), 1.2 EPA, Indoor Air Quality Division, Office of Air and Radiation, <strong>Building</strong> Air Quality, A Guide for <strong>Building</strong> Ownersand Facility Managers (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1991), section 2, 5–10.3 Aino Nevalainen, “Microbial Contamination of <strong>Building</strong>s,” in Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference onIndoor Air Quality and Climate, vol. 4 (Helsinki, Finland: Indoor Air ’93, 1993), 3-13.4 Philip R. Morey, “Suggested Guidance on Prevention of Microbial Contamination for the Next Revision ofASHRAE Standard 62-1989,” in Proceedings of IAQ ’94 (Atlanta: ASHRAE, 1994), 79–88.5 Leonard Alvin et al., “Electric and Mag<strong>net</strong>ic Fields: Measurement and Possible Effects on Human Health” (Emeryville,Calif.: Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Health Services, 1992).6 James E. Woods, “Cost Avoidance and Productivity in Owning and Operating <strong>Building</strong>s,” in James E. Cone andMichael J. Hodgson, eds., Problem <strong>Building</strong>s: <strong>Building</strong>-Associated Illness and the Sick <strong>Building</strong> Syndrome, Vol. 4, no. 4of Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews (Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1989), 753.7 Shirley J. Hansen, Managing Indoor Air Quality (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Fairmont Press, Distributed by PrenticeHall, 1991), 43, 44, 76.8 Shirley J. Hansen, Managing Indoor Air Quality, 43, 44, 76.9 Nancy Fiedler, Clement Maccia, and Howard Kipen, “Evaluation of Chemically Sensitive Patients,” Journal ofMedicine 34, no. 5 (May 1992).10 Hal Levin, “<strong>Building</strong> Materials and Indoor Air Quality,” in James E. Cone and Michael J. Hodgson, eds., Problem<strong>Building</strong>s, 667.
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SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
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Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
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AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
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Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . .
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The industry’s growing sustainabi
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OverviewSustainable Building Techni
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I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
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Locally, public and private leaders
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Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
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PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
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oughly $60 billion each year in med
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MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
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CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
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ology avoids false precision by col
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non-dominant alternatives within al
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BEES will accommodate different lev
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CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
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Environmental design guidelines, al
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the project. The building program s
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cise can produce valuable informati
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By December 1994, the city’s Depa
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PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
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The use, scale, and structural syst
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RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
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❑ Identify alternative site desig
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Building and Site Orientation (see
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CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
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POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
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SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.
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use vary by locality. If rainfall i
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methods of dealing with centralized
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SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
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GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
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Soil fertility not only supports pl
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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❑ Carefully distinguish between l
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Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
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Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
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OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
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As local governments consider site
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■ Provide guidelines for building
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the collection and use of rainwater
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and global warming, by the strategi
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SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
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Passive building design starts with
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Daylighting requires the correct pl
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- Determine the optimal effective a
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controlled by the reflectivity of t
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installations require diffuse glazi
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ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
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CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
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.L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
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PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
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cost, within the tightest time-fram
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Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
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HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
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- Install motion sensors for securi
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CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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tractors the option of using multip
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PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
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CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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Temperature and Humidity Control- C
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
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While renovation often provides an
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tions. Will be of interest to those
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5.Develop procedures to address acc
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❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
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❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
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sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
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➤The Environmental and Conservati
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PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
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Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
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Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
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A unique feature of the installatio
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Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
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Product CertificationSeveral entiti
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ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
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The systems module simulates the op
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City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
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Studies have indicated that increas
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Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
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Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
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Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
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the “Primary output” of the pre
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Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
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to building owners, designers, and
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Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A