Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Etn-presco.net

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RECOMMENDED ILLUMINATION LEVELS*Note: Use the Weight Factor Determination to establish the range of values as part of the design illumination requirements.Source: Illuminating Engineering Society. Lighting Handbook. (New York: IES, 1979.)Table 1RECOMMENDED SURFACE REFLECTANCE VALUESSource: Illuminating Engineering Society. Lighting Handbook. (New York: IES, 1979.)Table 2
– Determine the optimal effective aperture for toplighting strategies.– Incorporate fenestration into the basic building geometry.– Perform daylighting studies using computer-simulation tools and physical-modelevaluation. Conduct studies of both direct-beam irradiance on a heliodon and diffusesky illuminance under an artificial sky, if possible. (Refer to Evans, Hopkinson,Moore in “Resources” Section.)– Establish lighting-control strategies, including the use of logical zoning and selectionof either continuous dimming, stepped, or on-off switching.Design Development Phase❑ Specify details for lighting systems and products.– Specify glazing materials based on climate, fenestration position, and solar orientation,maintaining the highest possible luminous efficacy (k-factor or ratio of visibletransmittance to shading coefficient) and daylight factor (ratio of visible transmittanceto total solar transmittance).– Specify finishes based on the desired reflectance values for walls, ceilings, and floors(see Table 2).– Based on a heliodon study or other solar-path analysis, determine the type andlocation of, and control methods for, shading systems that minimize or eliminatedirect sun in work areas and moderate excessive brightness.– Specify control systems, including photosensors, control zones and occupancy sensors,based on control strategies.– Seek opportunities to integrate controls with other building energy-managementsystems.– Incorporate flexible, ongoing capabilities for monitoring lighting conditions,including lighting-energy consumption and lighting operation hours by zone.– Determine the method for reviewing and analyzing field-monitoring data and performingassociated responsibilities.Construction Phase❑ Confirm that specified practices and materials are installed properly.– Monitor direct sunlight pe<strong>net</strong>ration through fenestration and fine-tune the solarshading systems as required.– Observe skylight installations and related flashing and sealants to verify that eachinstallation is watertight and has been performed according to standard practices.– Observe the final calibration and testing of lighting-control systems to verify thatthe installation functions as specified.Post Occupancy Phase❑ Ensure that the building’s daylighting features are in place and maintained foroptimum performance.– Walk through the entire project and review all fenestration, solar controls, andlighting-control systems to verify that they are operational and as specified. Identifyany potential visual-quality problems such as glare from excessively bright source orbackground illuminance. Monitor light levels in all spaces with a hand-held photometerand follow up on any variations from the design illuminance levels.Prepare a checklist of problems that need to be corrected and submit it to the contractorsand building owner.– Verify with the building owner that a glass-cleaning and systems-maintenanceschedule is in place.– Review the data collected from monitoring systems, analyze energy use, and comparethe results with design targets.– Identify individuals who are responsible for maintaining and making modificationsto the lighting-control systems and ensure that they are familiar withproper procedures.
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SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
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Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
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AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
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Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . .
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The industry’s growing sustainabi
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OverviewSustainable Building Techni
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I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
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Locally, public and private leaders
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Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
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PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
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oughly $60 billion each year in med
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MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
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CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
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ology avoids false precision by col
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non-dominant alternatives within al
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BEES will accommodate different lev
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CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
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Environmental design guidelines, al
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the project. The building program s
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cise can produce valuable informati
Page 41 and 42: By December 1994, the city’s Depa
Page 43 and 44: PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
Page 45 and 46: The use, scale, and structural syst
Page 47 and 48: RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
Page 49 and 50: ❑ Identify alternative site desig
Page 51 and 52: Building and Site Orientation (see
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
Page 55 and 56: POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
Page 57 and 58: SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.
Page 59 and 60: use vary by locality. If rainfall i
Page 61 and 62: methods of dealing with centralized
Page 63 and 64: SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
Page 65 and 66: GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
Page 67 and 68: Soil fertility not only supports pl
Page 69 and 70: . ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 71 and 72: ❑ Carefully distinguish between l
Page 73 and 74: Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
Page 75 and 76: Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
Page 77 and 78: OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
Page 79 and 80: As local governments consider site
Page 81 and 82: ■ Provide guidelines for building
Page 83 and 84: the collection and use of rainwater
Page 85 and 86: and global warming, by the strategi
Page 87 and 88: SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
Page 89 and 90: Passive building design starts with
Page 91: Daylighting requires the correct pl
Page 95 and 96: controlled by the reflectivity of t
Page 97 and 98: installations require diffuse glazi
Page 99 and 100: ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
Page 101 and 102: shading coefficient. A luminous eff
Page 103 and 104: 8 Illuminating Engineering Society.
Page 105 and 106: Decisions about construction detail
Page 107 and 108: ❑ Select the proper glazing for w
Page 109 and 110: guidelines, examples, and reference
Page 111 and 112: Thermal mass and energy storage are
Page 113 and 114: ❑ Consider other cooling strategi
Page 115 and 116: Active Solar Systems★ S I G N I F
Page 117 and 118: from the storage tank, or by flushi
Page 119 and 120: P h o t ovo l t a i c s★ S I G N
Page 121 and 122: Solar Energy Research Institute. Th
Page 123 and 124: SECTION BBuildings Systems andIndoo
Page 125 and 126: After the energy crisis, design and
Page 127 and 128: ❑ Optimize system efficiency.HVAC
Page 129 and 130: ❑ Consider thermal energy storage
Page 131 and 132: ❑ Perform a pre-occupancy flushou
Page 133 and 134: ❑ Match the quality of light to t
Page 135 and 136: Renovation and Retrofit Issues❑ C
Page 137 and 138: Plumbing Systems★ S I G N I F I C
Page 139 and 140: - Energy learning centers with clas
Page 141 and 142: .N OT E SI1 Armory B. Lovins and Ro
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These organisms can affect occupant
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Design PrinciplesDesign for improve
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3. International Agency on Research
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- Clean air shafts, occupied areas
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educe the exposure of the interior
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❑ Develop and provide the buildin
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CHAPTER 14Acoustics★ S I G N I F
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RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BAC
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❑ In highly sound-sensitive areas
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CHAPTER 15BuildingCo m m i s s i o
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EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE CO
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the successful completion of each p
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.I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPortland En
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Much has been written and a great d
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LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUILDINGNote: See G
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BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM FOR MAT
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■ The inventory of input material
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CHAPTER 16Ma t e r i a l sIntroduct
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can be extreme. However, in a hot,
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(Refer to the “Environmental Impa
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❑ Resource-efficient options- Det
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❑ Health and pollution issues- Ro
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- Some tile is available with recyc
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- One method of low-emission carpet
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- Tropical hardwoods are common in
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CHAPTER 17S p e c i f i c a t i o n
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products such as alternative agricu
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CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
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.L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
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PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
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cost, within the tightest time-fram
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Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
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HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
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- Install motion sensors for securi
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CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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tractors the option of using multip
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PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
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CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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Temperature and Humidity Control- C
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
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While renovation often provides an
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tions. Will be of interest to those
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5.Develop procedures to address acc
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❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
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❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
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sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
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➤The Environmental and Conservati
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PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
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Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
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Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
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A unique feature of the installatio
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Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
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Product CertificationSeveral entiti
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ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
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The systems module simulates the op
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City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
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Studies have indicated that increas
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Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
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Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
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Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
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the “Primary output” of the pre
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Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
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to building owners, designers, and
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Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A
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