Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Etn-presco.net

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CHAPTER 19E nv i ro n m e n t a lConstruction Gu i d e l i n e sGeneral Considerations★ S I G N I F I CA N C E .The construction process can have a significant impact on environmental resources.Environmentally conscious construction practices can markedly reduce site disturbance, thequantity of waste sent to landfills, and the use of natural resources during construction. Itcan also minimize the prospect of adverse indoor air quality in the finished building. Inaddition to yielding environmental benefits, all of these actions can lower project costs.AuthorGerard HeiberIn many cases, construction clears and disturbs the site’s existing natural resources—native vegetation and wildlife, natural drainage systems, and other natural features—andreplaces them with artificial systems such as non-native vegetation and artificial drainage.Waste generated from construction and demolition accounts for about 28 percent oflandfill volume. Emissions from new construction materials as well as dust, particulates,and other airborne contaminants generated during the construction process are suspectedof causing health problems. In addition, most construction projects today require the useof new virgin materials (adding to the depletion of limited natural raw materials if suchmaterials are not renewable), even when recycled-content, reused, or refurbished materialsare sufficient for the intended purpose.When approaching construction from a sustainable perspective, a builder should ensurethat the construction contract and specifications address the design and constructionteams’ environmental requirements for the construction process. Many of these issuesand practices are typically under the direct control of the construction contractor, whowas most likely selected by competitive bid.The construction professional’s responsibility is to fulfill the project objectives in accordancewith the construction contract, construction drawings and specifications, projectschedule, and project budget. The contractor’s goal is to build the project for the lowest
cost, within the tightest time-frame, and at the highest profit. The contractor isnot likely to implement environmental practices unless they involve almost noadditional cost, have been required contractually, or are economically beneficialto the contractor.Teamwork is the key ingredient in a successful construction project. Together,a building’s owner, architect, engineers, and contractor should develop guidelines,plans, goals, and practices for the construction process. The jointapproach will ensure that the contractor understands—and embraces—a project’sgeneral and environmental goals and specifications before the work begins.. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECKLISTI❑ The design team can establish and enforce environmental guidelines forconstruction by doing the following:– Incorporating such guidelines into the construction drawings and specificationsand monitoring the contractor’s compliance during construction.– Incorporating environmental responsibilities into the constructioncontract and monitoring the contractor’s specific compliance duringconstruction.– Indicating, in the above guidelines or statements of responsibility, practicesrequired by local, state, or federal environmental regulation.❑ In some cases, contractors may need education about environmentallypreferable practices in order to take advantage of them.The design team can help the contractor understand that an environmentallypreferable process can be more economical than—or equivalent in costto—a conventional one, and can be implemented without a regulatory orcontractual requirement.Site Issues★ S I G N I F I CA N C E .The construction process can cause a significant amount of site disturbance. Tominimize such disturbance and maximize the use of site resources, a projectteam should recognize a site’s existing natural, cultural, and constructed featuresand preserve those features through sound design, construction, andmanagement practices (see also Chapter 5, “<strong>Sustainable</strong> Site Design”).Despite their up-front expense, practices that plan and control site access—andpromote efficient and environmentally sensitive use of site features—oftentranslate into cost savings to the contractor, including lowered site-restorationcosts after completion of work. For example, preservation of existing trees orgeological features in the site design and construction can lessen the need forreplanting and other landscaping to achieve shading or privacy goals.Bear in mind, however, that opportunities to reduce site impacts and tap existingnatural resources through environmentally sensitive design vary widelyamong urban, suburban, and rural sites. Urban sites typically have more designconstraints. Rural sites, usually much larger than their urban counterparts, presentmore opportunities for environmental disturbance—along with moreoptions for resource utilization.
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SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
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Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
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AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
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Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . .
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The industry’s growing sustainabi
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OverviewSustainable Building Techni
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I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
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Locally, public and private leaders
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Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
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PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
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oughly $60 billion each year in med
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MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
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CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
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ology avoids false precision by col
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non-dominant alternatives within al
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BEES will accommodate different lev
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CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
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Environmental design guidelines, al
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the project. The building program s
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cise can produce valuable informati
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By December 1994, the city’s Depa
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PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
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The use, scale, and structural syst
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RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
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❑ Identify alternative site desig
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Building and Site Orientation (see
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CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
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POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
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SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.
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use vary by locality. If rainfall i
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methods of dealing with centralized
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SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
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GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
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Soil fertility not only supports pl
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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❑ Carefully distinguish between l
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Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
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Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
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OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
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As local governments consider site
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■ Provide guidelines for building
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the collection and use of rainwater
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and global warming, by the strategi
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SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
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Passive building design starts with
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Daylighting requires the correct pl
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- Determine the optimal effective a
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controlled by the reflectivity of t
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installations require diffuse glazi
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ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
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shading coefficient. A luminous eff
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8 Illuminating Engineering Society.
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Decisions about construction detail
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❑ Select the proper glazing for w
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guidelines, examples, and reference
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Thermal mass and energy storage are
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❑ Consider other cooling strategi
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Active Solar Systems★ S I G N I F
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from the storage tank, or by flushi
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P h o t ovo l t a i c s★ S I G N
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Solar Energy Research Institute. Th
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SECTION BBuildings Systems andIndoo
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After the energy crisis, design and
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❑ Optimize system efficiency.HVAC
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❑ Consider thermal energy storage
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❑ Perform a pre-occupancy flushou
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❑ Match the quality of light to t
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Renovation and Retrofit Issues❑ C
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Plumbing Systems★ S I G N I F I C
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- Energy learning centers with clas
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.N OT E SI1 Armory B. Lovins and Ro
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These organisms can affect occupant
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Design PrinciplesDesign for improve
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3. International Agency on Research
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- Clean air shafts, occupied areas
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educe the exposure of the interior
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❑ Develop and provide the buildin
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CHAPTER 14Acoustics★ S I G N I F
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RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BAC
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❑ In highly sound-sensitive areas
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CHAPTER 15BuildingCo m m i s s i o
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EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE CO
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the successful completion of each p
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.I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPortland En
Page 169 and 170: Much has been written and a great d
Page 171: LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUILDINGNote: See G
Page 174 and 175: BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM FOR MAT
Page 176 and 177: ■ The inventory of input material
Page 178 and 179: CHAPTER 16Ma t e r i a l sIntroduct
Page 180 and 181: can be extreme. However, in a hot,
Page 182 and 183: (Refer to the “Environmental Impa
Page 184 and 185: ❑ Resource-efficient options- Det
Page 186 and 187: ❑ Health and pollution issues- Ro
Page 188 and 189: - Some tile is available with recyc
Page 190 and 191: - One method of low-emission carpet
Page 192 and 193: - Tropical hardwoods are common in
Page 194 and 195: CHAPTER 17S p e c i f i c a t i o n
Page 196: products such as alternative agricu
Page 213 and 214: CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
Page 215 and 216: Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
Page 217 and 218: .L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
Page 219: PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
Page 223 and 224: Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
Page 225 and 226: HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
Page 227 and 228: - Install motion sensors for securi
Page 229 and 230: CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
Page 231 and 232: tractors the option of using multip
Page 233 and 234: PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
Page 235 and 236: CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
Page 237 and 238: . ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 239 and 240: Temperature and Humidity Control- C
Page 241 and 242: . ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 243 and 244: ❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
Page 245 and 246: While renovation often provides an
Page 247 and 248: tions. Will be of interest to those
Page 249 and 250: 5.Develop procedures to address acc
Page 251 and 252: ❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
Page 253 and 254: ❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
Page 255 and 256: sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
Page 257 and 258: ➤The Environmental and Conservati
Page 259 and 260: PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
Page 261 and 262: Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
Page 263 and 264: Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
Page 265 and 266: A unique feature of the installatio
Page 267 and 268: Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
Page 269 and 270: Product CertificationSeveral entiti
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ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
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The systems module simulates the op
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City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
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Studies have indicated that increas
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Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
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Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
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Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
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the “Primary output” of the pre
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Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
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to building owners, designers, and
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Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A
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