Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Etn-presco.net

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DISCLAIMER: This document was developed by Public Technology, Inc. and the U.S. Green Building Council with funding provided by the U.S. DOEand U.S. EPA. These entities do not make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completenessor usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe upon privately ownedrights. The parties involved do not assume any liability for the use of any information, methods, or materials contained herein or for damages arisingfrom such use; nor do they assume any responsiblity for any injury to individuals or property, or for any loss, sustained as a result of the use or applicationof contents of this document.This document was prepared with the assistance and participation of representatives from many organizations. The views and opinions expressed representgeneral consensus and available information, but unanimous approval by all organizations is not implied. The views and opinions do not necessarilystate or reflect those of the United States government.The information in this document is not a substitute for professional advice, as evidenced by architectural stamps and engineering seals, regarding its usein the design, construction, and renovation of buildings; nor is it a substitute for the adherence to applicable law and sound professional practices, andprocedures for sound design, engineering, and construction, including sustainable design, engineering, and construction.In consideration of the permission given by PTI and USGBC to use this document and in consideration for the value received through the use of thisdocument, the purchaser and user of the document (and his or her heirs, representatives, and assignees) covenant not to sue, and waive and release PTI,the USGBC, and the United States government from any and all claims, demands, and causes of action for any injury to individuals or property, andfrom any and all financial loss or economic damages sustained by or arising from the purchaser’s use of or reliance on this document. Use of this documentdoes not relieve the purchaser from complying with all applicable laws and regulations and proper analysis and monitoring in the design andoperation of buildings.
Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiPart I: Economics and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.1Chapter 1:Chapter 2:The Economics of Green Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.3Selecting Environmentally and Economically BalancedBuilding Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.13Part II: Pre-Design Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II.1Chapter 3:Chapter 4:Pre-Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II.3Local Government Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .II.11Part III: Site Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III.1Chapter 5:Chapter 6:Chapter 7:Chapter 8:Sustainable Site Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III.3Water Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III.13Site Materials and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III.27Local Government Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .III.39Part IV: Building Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.1Section A: Passive Solar Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.3Chapter 9:Chapter 10:Chapter 11:Daylighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.7Building Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.21Renewable Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.27Section B: Building Systems and Indoor Environmental Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.41Chapter 12:Chapter 13:Chapter 14:Chapter 15:HVAC, Electrical, and Plumbing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.43Indoor Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.61Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.75Building Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.81Section C: Materials and Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.89Chapter 16:Chapter 17:Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.99Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.115Section D: Local Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.133Chapter 18: Local Government Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .IV.135Part V:The Construction Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V.1Chapter 19:Chapter 20:Environmental Construction Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V.3Local Government Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .V.13Part VI: Operations and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VI.1Chapter 21:Chapter 22:Chapter 23:Building Operations and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VI.3Housekeeping and Custodial Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VI.17Local Government Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VI.25Part VII: Issues and Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VII.1Chapter 24:Chapter 25:Local Government Financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VII.3The Future of Green Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VII.9Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11. Resources for Local Governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114. Contributing Writers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125. Advisory Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146. Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Page 1 and 2: SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
Page 3 and 4: Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
Page 5: AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
Page 9 and 10: The industry’s growing sustainabi
Page 11 and 12: OverviewSustainable Building Techni
Page 13 and 14: I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
Page 15 and 16: Locally, public and private leaders
Page 17 and 18: Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
Page 19 and 20: PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
Page 21 and 22: oughly $60 billion each year in med
Page 23 and 24: MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
Page 27 and 28: ology avoids false precision by col
Page 29 and 30: non-dominant alternatives within al
Page 31 and 32: BEES will accommodate different lev
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
Page 35 and 36: Environmental design guidelines, al
Page 37 and 38: the project. The building program s
Page 39 and 40: cise can produce valuable informati
Page 41 and 42: By December 1994, the city’s Depa
Page 43 and 44: PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
Page 45 and 46: The use, scale, and structural syst
Page 47 and 48: RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
Page 49 and 50: ❑ Identify alternative site desig
Page 51 and 52: Building and Site Orientation (see
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
Page 55 and 56: POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
Page 57 and 58:
SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.
Page 59 and 60:
use vary by locality. If rainfall i
Page 61 and 62:
methods of dealing with centralized
Page 63 and 64:
SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
Page 65 and 66:
GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
Page 67 and 68:
Soil fertility not only supports pl
Page 69 and 70:
. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 71 and 72:
❑ Carefully distinguish between l
Page 73 and 74:
Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
Page 75 and 76:
Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
Page 77 and 78:
OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
Page 79 and 80:
As local governments consider site
Page 81 and 82:
■ Provide guidelines for building
Page 83 and 84:
the collection and use of rainwater
Page 85 and 86:
and global warming, by the strategi
Page 87 and 88:
SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
Page 89 and 90:
Passive building design starts with
Page 91 and 92:
Daylighting requires the correct pl
Page 93 and 94:
- Determine the optimal effective a
Page 95 and 96:
controlled by the reflectivity of t
Page 97 and 98:
installations require diffuse glazi
Page 99 and 100:
ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
Page 101 and 102:
shading coefficient. A luminous eff
Page 103 and 104:
8 Illuminating Engineering Society.
Page 105 and 106:
Decisions about construction detail
Page 107 and 108:
❑ Select the proper glazing for w
Page 109 and 110:
guidelines, examples, and reference
Page 111 and 112:
Thermal mass and energy storage are
Page 113 and 114:
❑ Consider other cooling strategi
Page 115 and 116:
Active Solar Systems★ S I G N I F
Page 117 and 118:
from the storage tank, or by flushi
Page 119 and 120:
P h o t ovo l t a i c s★ S I G N
Page 121 and 122:
Solar Energy Research Institute. Th
Page 123 and 124:
SECTION BBuildings Systems andIndoo
Page 125 and 126:
After the energy crisis, design and
Page 127 and 128:
❑ Optimize system efficiency.HVAC
Page 129 and 130:
❑ Consider thermal energy storage
Page 131 and 132:
❑ Perform a pre-occupancy flushou
Page 133 and 134:
❑ Match the quality of light to t
Page 135 and 136:
Renovation and Retrofit Issues❑ C
Page 137 and 138:
Plumbing Systems★ S I G N I F I C
Page 139 and 140:
- Energy learning centers with clas
Page 141 and 142:
.N OT E SI1 Armory B. Lovins and Ro
Page 143 and 144:
These organisms can affect occupant
Page 145 and 146:
Design PrinciplesDesign for improve
Page 147 and 148:
3. International Agency on Research
Page 149 and 150:
- Clean air shafts, occupied areas
Page 151 and 152:
educe the exposure of the interior
Page 153 and 154:
❑ Develop and provide the buildin
Page 155 and 156:
CHAPTER 14Acoustics★ S I G N I F
Page 157 and 158:
RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BAC
Page 159 and 160:
❑ In highly sound-sensitive areas
Page 161 and 162:
CHAPTER 15BuildingCo m m i s s i o
Page 163 and 164:
EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE CO
Page 165 and 166:
the successful completion of each p
Page 167 and 168:
.I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPortland En
Page 169 and 170:
Much has been written and a great d
Page 171:
LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUILDINGNote: See G
Page 174 and 175:
BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM FOR MAT
Page 176 and 177:
■ The inventory of input material
Page 178 and 179:
CHAPTER 16Ma t e r i a l sIntroduct
Page 180 and 181:
can be extreme. However, in a hot,
Page 182 and 183:
(Refer to the “Environmental Impa
Page 184 and 185:
❑ Resource-efficient options- Det
Page 186 and 187:
❑ Health and pollution issues- Ro
Page 188 and 189:
- Some tile is available with recyc
Page 190 and 191:
- One method of low-emission carpet
Page 192 and 193:
- Tropical hardwoods are common in
Page 194 and 195:
CHAPTER 17S p e c i f i c a t i o n
Page 196:
products such as alternative agricu
Page 213 and 214:
CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
Page 215 and 216:
Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
Page 217 and 218:
.L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
Page 219 and 220:
PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
Page 221 and 222:
cost, within the tightest time-fram
Page 223 and 224:
Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
Page 225 and 226:
HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
Page 227 and 228:
- Install motion sensors for securi
Page 229 and 230:
CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
Page 231 and 232:
tractors the option of using multip
Page 233 and 234:
PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
Page 235 and 236:
CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Temperature and Humidity Control- C
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
Page 245 and 246:
While renovation often provides an
Page 247 and 248:
tions. Will be of interest to those
Page 249 and 250:
5.Develop procedures to address acc
Page 251 and 252:
❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
Page 253 and 254:
❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
Page 255 and 256:
sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
Page 257 and 258:
➤The Environmental and Conservati
Page 259 and 260:
PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
Page 261 and 262:
Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
Page 263 and 264:
Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
Page 265 and 266:
A unique feature of the installatio
Page 267 and 268:
Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
Page 269 and 270:
Product CertificationSeveral entiti
Page 271 and 272:
ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
Page 273 and 274:
The systems module simulates the op
Page 275 and 276:
City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
Page 277 and 278:
Studies have indicated that increas
Page 279 and 280:
Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
Page 281 and 282:
Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
Page 283 and 284:
Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
Page 285 and 286:
the “Primary output” of the pre
Page 287 and 288:
Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
Page 289 and 290:
to building owners, designers, and
Page 291:
Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A
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