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Figure 2SAMPLE GRASS-LINED SWALESource: R. Horner, “Biofiltration Systems for Urban Runoff Water Quality Control” (Seattle: Washington StateUniversity, 1988), in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Urban RunoffPollution Prevention and Control Planning, EPA/625/R–93/004 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1993).EXAMPLE SHALLOW-CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEMFOR STORMWATER TREATMENTSource: Maryland Department of Natural Resources (1987), in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Urban RunoffPollution Prevention and Control Planning, EPA/625/R–93/004 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1993).Figure 3
SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention and Control Planning,EPA/625/R–93/004 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1993).Figure 4a . Shape water bodies with peninsulas and islands to extend flow path and treatmenteffectiveness.b . Install sequences of ponds and wetlands along a site’s drainage ways, beginningwith miniature pools high in the drainage area to provide thorough treatment;redundancy is an asset (Figure 3) .c . Where driveways cross roadside swales, use the driveways as checkdams to formsmall wetlands.– Use extreme caution when constructing water bodies at the lowest elevations of a site.Lowland construction of water bodies may disturb existing wetlands and riparianbuffers just as any other construction would.– Use vegetative buffer areas around parking lots. The presence of oil and sediment onparking surfaces and roadways can cause non-point-source pollution through runoff.Buffer-strip plantings around these areas can mitigate the problem.❑ Construct infiltration basins.Infiltration basins are closed depressions in the earth from which water can escape onlyinto the soil. Infiltration is the ideal management and conservation of runoff because itfilters pollutants through the soil, eliminates downstream floods and erosion, andrestores natural flows to groundwater and downstream water bodies (Figure 4).– Design infiltration basins as open or closed systems. Some infiltration basins are openand vegetated; the vegetation maintains their porous soil structure. Others are constructedunder the land surface with open-graded crushed stone, leaving the surface tobe reclaimed for parking or other human or economic use. Their storage capacity issometimes supplemented with perforated pipes or premanufactured chambers. Mostsubsurface basins should include access to the basin bottom for monitoring and maintenance.The cost of construction materials for subsurface basins is substantial, so theytend to be installed only where intense land development demands that the surface bereclaimed for double use.– Place infiltration basins near source of runoff to be most economical and effective.– Avoid placing basins near building foundations and on steep unstable slopes.
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SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
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Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
Page 5 and 6: AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
Page 7 and 8: Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . .
Page 9 and 10: The industry’s growing sustainabi
Page 11 and 12: OverviewSustainable Building Techni
Page 13 and 14: I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
Page 15 and 16: Locally, public and private leaders
Page 17 and 18: Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
Page 19 and 20: PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
Page 21 and 22: oughly $60 billion each year in med
Page 23 and 24: MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
Page 27 and 28: ology avoids false precision by col
Page 29 and 30: non-dominant alternatives within al
Page 31 and 32: BEES will accommodate different lev
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
Page 35 and 36: Environmental design guidelines, al
Page 37 and 38: the project. The building program s
Page 39 and 40: cise can produce valuable informati
Page 41 and 42: By December 1994, the city’s Depa
Page 43 and 44: PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
Page 45 and 46: The use, scale, and structural syst
Page 47 and 48: RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
Page 49 and 50: ❑ Identify alternative site desig
Page 51 and 52: Building and Site Orientation (see
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
Page 55: POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
Page 59 and 60: use vary by locality. If rainfall i
Page 61 and 62: methods of dealing with centralized
Page 63 and 64: SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
Page 65 and 66: GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
Page 67 and 68: Soil fertility not only supports pl
Page 69 and 70: . ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 71 and 72: ❑ Carefully distinguish between l
Page 73 and 74: Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
Page 75 and 76: Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
Page 77 and 78: OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
Page 79 and 80: As local governments consider site
Page 81 and 82: ■ Provide guidelines for building
Page 83 and 84: the collection and use of rainwater
Page 85 and 86: and global warming, by the strategi
Page 87 and 88: SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
Page 89 and 90: Passive building design starts with
Page 91 and 92: Daylighting requires the correct pl
Page 93 and 94: - Determine the optimal effective a
Page 95 and 96: controlled by the reflectivity of t
Page 97 and 98: installations require diffuse glazi
Page 99 and 100: ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
Page 101 and 102: shading coefficient. A luminous eff
Page 103 and 104: 8 Illuminating Engineering Society.
Page 105 and 106: Decisions about construction detail
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❑ Select the proper glazing for w
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guidelines, examples, and reference
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Thermal mass and energy storage are
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❑ Consider other cooling strategi
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Active Solar Systems★ S I G N I F
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from the storage tank, or by flushi
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P h o t ovo l t a i c s★ S I G N
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Solar Energy Research Institute. Th
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SECTION BBuildings Systems andIndoo
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After the energy crisis, design and
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❑ Optimize system efficiency.HVAC
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❑ Consider thermal energy storage
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❑ Perform a pre-occupancy flushou
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❑ Match the quality of light to t
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Renovation and Retrofit Issues❑ C
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Plumbing Systems★ S I G N I F I C
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- Energy learning centers with clas
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.N OT E SI1 Armory B. Lovins and Ro
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These organisms can affect occupant
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Design PrinciplesDesign for improve
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3. International Agency on Research
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- Clean air shafts, occupied areas
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educe the exposure of the interior
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❑ Develop and provide the buildin
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CHAPTER 14Acoustics★ S I G N I F
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RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BAC
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❑ In highly sound-sensitive areas
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CHAPTER 15BuildingCo m m i s s i o
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EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE CO
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the successful completion of each p
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.I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPortland En
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Much has been written and a great d
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LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUILDINGNote: See G
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BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM FOR MAT
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■ The inventory of input material
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CHAPTER 16Ma t e r i a l sIntroduct
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can be extreme. However, in a hot,
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(Refer to the “Environmental Impa
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❑ Resource-efficient options- Det
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❑ Health and pollution issues- Ro
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- Some tile is available with recyc
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- One method of low-emission carpet
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- Tropical hardwoods are common in
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CHAPTER 17S p e c i f i c a t i o n
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products such as alternative agricu
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CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
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.L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
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PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
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cost, within the tightest time-fram
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Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
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HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
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- Install motion sensors for securi
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CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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tractors the option of using multip
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PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
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CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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Temperature and Humidity Control- C
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
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While renovation often provides an
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tions. Will be of interest to those
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5.Develop procedures to address acc
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❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
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❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
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sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
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➤The Environmental and Conservati
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PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
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Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
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Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
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A unique feature of the installatio
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Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
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Product CertificationSeveral entiti
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ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
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The systems module simulates the op
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City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
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Studies have indicated that increas
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Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
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Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
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Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
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the “Primary output” of the pre
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Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
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to building owners, designers, and
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Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A
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