Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Etn-presco.net

More documents

Recommendations

Info

especially good candidates for PV power. With battery backup and an inverter, publicfacilities, concessions, and guard stations can be powered with reliable electricityoff the grid and without the noise of a generator.❑ Consider utility-integrated PVs where utility demand charges are very high andthere is extensive sunshine during the facility’s peak electric loads.❑ Consider PV-driven battery backup systems where air-quality restrictions limit theuse of gas generators for emergency backup.Building Integration❑ Rack-mount PV systems or mount them directly on roof and wall surfaces.Optimizing the panel’s tilt to the sun improves performance. Most existing commercialbuildings have large, flat roofs exposed to lots of sun, making them good candidatesfor PV arrays. New buildings can be designed with sloped surfaces that canoptimize PV exposure to the sun. The PV panels can be designed as the primary“weather skin” for sloped roofs or walls and can be integrated into shading devices.❑ Watch for the commercial availability in the near future of partially transparentPV panels for use as window-shading devices.The panels would allow diffuse light through a window while also producing electricityfrom energy that would otherwise be rejected from the building.Landscape Integration❑ Consider the use of large PV arrays to generate electricity while shading parkinglots or other outdoor areas.This application is especially appropriate where the PVs are used to generate electricityfor parking lot lighting or recreational uses.❑ On a smaller scale, PVs can be used to economically power night-time walkwayand landscape lighting.A small PV panel mounted above the light collects energy during the day and charges asmall battery that powers the light for a preset number of hours at night. This type ofstand-alone system saves the cost of underground electrical service (see also Chapter 7,“Site Materials and Equipment”).I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPASSIVE SOLAR/INTEGRATED DESIGNBalcomb, J. Douglas, editor. Passive Solar Buildings. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992.Brown, Linda R. “SERF: A Landmark in Energy Efficiency.” Solar Today. American SolarEnergy Society. May/June 1994.Burt Hill Kosar Rittleman Associates and Mim Kantrowitz Associates. C o m m e r c i a lBuilding Design: Integrating Climate, Comfort, and Cost. New York: Van NostrandReinhold Co., 1987.Cook, Jeffrey, editor. Passive Cooling, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989.Cook, Jeffrey and Mike McEvoy. “Naturally Ventilated Buildings: Simple Concepts forLarge Buildings.” Solar Today. American Solar Energy Society. March/April 1996.International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme. Passive SolarCommercial and Institutional Buildings: A Sourcebook of Examples and Design Insights.West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., 1994.Jenior, Mary-Margaret. “Solar Buildings for a Sustainable America.” Solar Today. AmericanSolar Energy Society, March/April 1994, 12-15.Jones, Robert W. and Robert D. McFarland. The Sunspace Primer. New York: Van NostrandReinhold Co., 1994.Passive Solar Industries Council and National Renewable Energy Laboratory. DesigningLow Energy Buildings. Washington, D.C.: Passive Solar Industries Council, n.d.
Solar Energy Research Institute. The Design of Energy-Responsive Commercial Buildings. NewYork: John Wiley and Sons, 1985.Thayer, Burke Miller. Buildings for a Sustainable America—Case Studies. B o u l d e r ,Colo.:American Solar Energy Society, n.d. Compendium of case studies on passivesolar designed buildings.ACTIVE SOLAR DESIGNAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers. “SolarEnergy Utilization,” Chapter 30 in ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Applications. A t l a n t a :American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1995.Extensive summary of solar fundamentals and current applications of active solar technology.Good bibliography and additional references.American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers. Active SolarHeating System Design Manual. Atlanta: ASHRAE, n.d. Provides architects, engineers,and designers of large active solar water and space heating systems with design informationfor a variety of applications, system types, and locations.Chandra, Subrato, Philip W. Fairey III, and Michael M. Houston. Cooling with Ventilation.(SERI/SP-273-2966) Golden, Colo.: Solar Energy Research Institute (National RenewableEnergy Laboratory) 1986.Duffie, J. A., and W. A. Beckman. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. New York: JohnWiley, 1980. Standard engineering text.National Renewable Energy Laboratory. “Solar Ventilation Preheating,” Renewable EnergyTechnologies for Federal Facilities. Golden, Colo.: NREL, September 1995.Short, W.; D. Packey; and T. Holt. A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiencyand Renewable Energy Technologies. Technical publication TP-462-5173. Golden, Colo.:National Renewable Energy Laboratory, March 1995. Presents the federal government’sapproach to evaluating the economics of various renewable technologies. Includes lifecyclecost procedures and examples of various applications, including photovoltaics.U.S. National Bureau of Standards. Performance Criteria for Solar Heating and Cooling inCommercial Buildings. Technical note 1187. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1984.PHOTOVOLTAICSInternational Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme. Photovoltaics inBuildings: A Design Handbook for Architects and Engineers. London, U.K.: James andJames Ltd., 1996.Thornton, J. “Economics of Photovoltaics Versus Line Extensions: Selected Case Studies,”in Solar 94: Proceedings of the 1994 American Solar Energy Society Annual Conference.Boulder, Colo.: American Solar Energy Society, 1994. Presents examples of photovoltaicapplications for various remote locations.U.S. Department of Energy. Solar Electric Buildings: An Overview of Today’s Applications.(DOE/GO-10096-253 or NTIS pub. DE 96000524). Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1996.Examples of various types of photovoltaic systems installed on commercial and residentialbuildings and as stand-alone systems.U. S. Department of Energy. Photovoltaic Fundamentals (DOE/CH10093-117-Rev. 1, NTISpub. DE91015001). Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1995. A short review of photovoltaictechnologies and current developments in the field.DESIGN TO O L S.PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGNB L A S T . Calculates building loads, analyzes solar feasibility, predicts life-cycle costs, andhelps select the optimal HVAC system for a building. Developed by Civil EngineeringResearch Laboratories, U.S. Army. Contact: University of Illinois, (800) UI BLASTENERGY-10, Low-Rise Building Design (Design manual and software). Windows-environmentprogram for small commercial buildings allowing early design evaluation of 16
Page 1 and 2:
SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
Page 3 and 4:
Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
Page 5 and 6:
AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
Page 7 and 8:
Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . .
Page 9 and 10:
The industry’s growing sustainabi
Page 11 and 12:
OverviewSustainable Building Techni
Page 13 and 14:
I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
Page 15 and 16:
Locally, public and private leaders
Page 17 and 18:
Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
Page 19 and 20:
PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
Page 21 and 22:
oughly $60 billion each year in med
Page 23 and 24:
MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
Page 25 and 26:
CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
Page 27 and 28:
ology avoids false precision by col
Page 29 and 30:
non-dominant alternatives within al
Page 31 and 32:
BEES will accommodate different lev
Page 33 and 34:
CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
Page 35 and 36:
Environmental design guidelines, al
Page 37 and 38:
the project. The building program s
Page 39 and 40:
cise can produce valuable informati
Page 41 and 42:
By December 1994, the city’s Depa
Page 43 and 44:
PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
Page 45 and 46:
The use, scale, and structural syst
Page 47 and 48:
RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
Page 49 and 50:
❑ Identify alternative site desig
Page 51 and 52:
Building and Site Orientation (see
Page 53 and 54:
CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
Page 55 and 56:
POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
Page 57 and 58:
SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.
Page 59 and 60:
use vary by locality. If rainfall i
Page 61 and 62:
methods of dealing with centralized
Page 63 and 64:
SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
Page 65 and 66:
GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
Page 67 and 68:
Soil fertility not only supports pl
Page 69 and 70: . ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 71 and 72: ❑ Carefully distinguish between l
Page 73 and 74: Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
Page 75 and 76: Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
Page 77 and 78: OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
Page 79 and 80: As local governments consider site
Page 81 and 82: ■ Provide guidelines for building
Page 83 and 84: the collection and use of rainwater
Page 85 and 86: and global warming, by the strategi
Page 87 and 88: SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
Page 89 and 90: Passive building design starts with
Page 91 and 92: Daylighting requires the correct pl
Page 93 and 94: - Determine the optimal effective a
Page 95 and 96: controlled by the reflectivity of t
Page 97 and 98: installations require diffuse glazi
Page 99 and 100: ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
Page 101 and 102: shading coefficient. A luminous eff
Page 103 and 104: 8 Illuminating Engineering Society.
Page 105 and 106: Decisions about construction detail
Page 107 and 108: ❑ Select the proper glazing for w
Page 109 and 110: guidelines, examples, and reference
Page 111 and 112: Thermal mass and energy storage are
Page 113 and 114: ❑ Consider other cooling strategi
Page 115 and 116: Active Solar Systems★ S I G N I F
Page 117 and 118: from the storage tank, or by flushi
Page 119: P h o t ovo l t a i c s★ S I G N
Page 123 and 124: SECTION BBuildings Systems andIndoo
Page 125 and 126: After the energy crisis, design and
Page 127 and 128: ❑ Optimize system efficiency.HVAC
Page 129 and 130: ❑ Consider thermal energy storage
Page 131 and 132: ❑ Perform a pre-occupancy flushou
Page 133 and 134: ❑ Match the quality of light to t
Page 135 and 136: Renovation and Retrofit Issues❑ C
Page 137 and 138: Plumbing Systems★ S I G N I F I C
Page 139 and 140: - Energy learning centers with clas
Page 141 and 142: .N OT E SI1 Armory B. Lovins and Ro
Page 143 and 144: These organisms can affect occupant
Page 145 and 146: Design PrinciplesDesign for improve
Page 147 and 148: 3. International Agency on Research
Page 149 and 150: - Clean air shafts, occupied areas
Page 151 and 152: educe the exposure of the interior
Page 153 and 154: ❑ Develop and provide the buildin
Page 155 and 156: CHAPTER 14Acoustics★ S I G N I F
Page 157 and 158: RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BAC
Page 159 and 160: ❑ In highly sound-sensitive areas
Page 161 and 162: CHAPTER 15BuildingCo m m i s s i o
Page 163 and 164: EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE CO
Page 165 and 166: the successful completion of each p
Page 167 and 168: .I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPortland En
Page 169 and 170: Much has been written and a great d
Page 171:
LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUILDINGNote: See G
Page 174 and 175:
BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM FOR MAT
Page 176 and 177:
■ The inventory of input material
Page 178 and 179:
CHAPTER 16Ma t e r i a l sIntroduct
Page 180 and 181:
can be extreme. However, in a hot,
Page 182 and 183:
(Refer to the “Environmental Impa
Page 184 and 185:
❑ Resource-efficient options- Det
Page 186 and 187:
❑ Health and pollution issues- Ro
Page 188 and 189:
- Some tile is available with recyc
Page 190 and 191:
- One method of low-emission carpet
Page 192 and 193:
- Tropical hardwoods are common in
Page 194 and 195:
CHAPTER 17S p e c i f i c a t i o n
Page 196:
products such as alternative agricu
Page 213 and 214:
CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
Page 215 and 216:
Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
Page 217 and 218:
.L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
Page 219 and 220:
PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
Page 221 and 222:
cost, within the tightest time-fram
Page 223 and 224:
Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
Page 225 and 226:
HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
Page 227 and 228:
- Install motion sensors for securi
Page 229 and 230:
CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
Page 231 and 232:
tractors the option of using multip
Page 233 and 234:
PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
Page 235 and 236:
CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
Page 237 and 238:
. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 239 and 240:
Temperature and Humidity Control- C
Page 241 and 242:
. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
Page 243 and 244:
❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
Page 245 and 246:
While renovation often provides an
Page 247 and 248:
tions. Will be of interest to those
Page 249 and 250:
5.Develop procedures to address acc
Page 251 and 252:
❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
Page 253 and 254:
❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
Page 255 and 256:
sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
Page 257 and 258:
➤The Environmental and Conservati
Page 259 and 260:
PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
Page 261 and 262:
Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
Page 263 and 264:
Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
Page 265 and 266:
A unique feature of the installatio
Page 267 and 268:
Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
Page 269 and 270:
Product CertificationSeveral entiti
Page 271 and 272:
ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
Page 273 and 274:
The systems module simulates the op
Page 275 and 276:
City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
Page 277 and 278:
Studies have indicated that increas
Page 279 and 280:
Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
Page 281 and 282:
Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
Page 283 and 284:
Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
Page 285 and 286:
the “Primary output” of the pre
Page 287 and 288:
Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
Page 289 and 290:
to building owners, designers, and
Page 291:
Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A
show all

Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Etn-presco.net

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?