Sustainable Building Technical Manual - Etn-presco.net

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mental wisdom of adopting sustainable principles for their communities.Many successful green building initiatives are being developed and implemented at thelocal level across the United States.The city of Austin, Texas, has consistently demonstrated leadership and vision in thisarea. Over the last decade, the city of Austin developed its Green Builder Program to supportgreen practices in the residential sector. More recently, it passed a resolution encouragingenvironmentally sound development within the residential, municipal, andcommercial building sectors. Austin’s ultimate goal is to be a model sustainable city.The city of Portland, Oregon, passed an ordinance requiring the recycling of constructionwaste, along with a set of city-wide principles that promote a sustainable future.Metro-Dade County, Florida, is working with Habitat for Humanity and other partners toplan and develop an energy-efficient and environmentally sound low-cost housingdevelopment. Some communities, such as San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington;San Diego, California; Hennepin County, Minnesota; and New York, New York, aredeveloping their own green building guidelines for municipal and private buildings, orlaunching demonstration projects that incorporate green building principles.Communities may also address sustainability from an overall quality-of-life perspective, asJacksonville, Florida, did. Jacksonville, which has tracked quality indicators since 1985,involves citizens in setting targets and reports annually on progress in education, economy,public safety, health, natural environment, social environment, government, recreation,and mobility. Other communities, such as Chattanooga, Tennessee, have sought toaddress environmental damage in the process of redesigning their communities. InChattanooga, more than 2,600 citizens participated in the ReVision 2000 planningprocess to identify specific environmental improvement goals and recommendations forfuture city development. Some of the cities efforts to become a model sustainable cityinclude developing a network of greenways and eco-industrial parks, renovating and constructingnew public facilities to be model green buildings, and proposing an expansion ofthe city’s trade center to include a variety of green technologies.Green building initiatives, as well as sustainable development activities, offer manyopportunities to local governments and communities. The key to success for local governmentsis to take the first step toward sustainability, working initially within areas thatare most likely to succeed, such as a green building project. A few possible starting pointsinclude the following:■ Examine local government policies and procurement procedures for inclusion of greenbuilding measures.■ Develop a demonstration green building project or local sustainable building designc o m p e t i t i o n .■ Require that government building projects incorporate renewable energy and energy efficientsystems, indoor-air-quality guidelines, and waste and water-efficiency measures.■ Survey and review other cities with green building projects, programs, and standards.■ Assemble a multidisciplinary team within the community to discuss the possibility ofdeveloping a green building program.■ Develop a green building awards program; co-sponsor the program with the local utilityand local chapters of design, engineering, and property-management societies.■ Survey and publish the community’s green building resources.■ Initiate a conference or series of lectures on green building issues.■ Assemble a green building resource library within an existing library or municipal office.■ Initiate a green building computer-based bulletin board or Internet site.■ Publish case studies of local green building projects or develop a green building
OverviewSustainable Building Technical Manual: Green Building Practices for Design, Construction, andOperations is intended to meet the building industry’s need for a comprehensive manualof sustainable building practices. Its goal is to provide clear, easily applied guidelines anduseful practices that can be readily introduced into new construction, renovation, andbuilding operations. The manual is designed to synthesize the large volume of availableinformation on green buildings and direct the reader to more detailed resources for furtherreview and reference.The manual focuses on commercial-size building projects in both the public and privatesectors. Building professionals who will find this manual a useful resource include landscapearchitects, planners, architects, interior designers, engineers, contractors, propertymanagers, building owners and developers, product manufacturers, utility companies,building tenants, maintenance staff, and code officials.Organization of the ManualThe manual is organized in seven parts, along with an Introduction and Appendix. Part Idiscusses the economic and environmental significance of sustainable buildings. Parts IIthrough VI describe the sequential design, construction, and operational process for abuilding project, and Part VII reviews sustainable building financing issues and opportunitiesfor local governments, as well as future green building issues and trends.IntroductionThis section contains a foreword by managing editor David Gottfried, a discussion of therole of local governments in promoting green building practices, and the manual overview.Part I: Economics and EnvironmentPart I outlines the financial benefits and environmental ramifications of green buildingpractices. It focuses on energy and water efficiency, waste reduction, construction costs,building maintenance and management savings, insurance and liability, employeehealth and productivity, and building value. It also reviews the local economic developmentpotential of green building initiatives and presents a methodology for environmentallife-cycle assessment and its application to green buildings.Part II: Pre-Design IssuesThis section reviews pre-design environmental issues such as design team selection, environmentalguidelines, and “whole-building” design integration—the first and essentialsteps in creating and implementing a successful green building project.Part III: Site IssuesSite issues chapters provide detailed information on sustainable site design, water use,and site materials. Discussed are design issues such as assessment and selection of buildingsites, development of landscaping that preserves natural vegetation and maintainswatershed integrity, and consideration of green site materials.Part IV: Building DesignBuilding design is divided into three subsections that provide information on passivesolar design strategies; building systems, indoor environmental quality, and buildingcommissioning; and building materials and specifications.
Page 1 and 2: SUSTAI ABLEBUILDI GTECH ICALMA UALG
Page 3 and 4: Ac k n ow l e d g m e n t sFunding
Page 5 and 6: AuthorsLoren E. Abraham, AIA, IDSA,
Page 7 and 8: Co n t e n t sAcknowledgments . . .
Page 9: The industry’s growing sustainabi
Page 13 and 14: I➜ R E S O U R C E SIResource lis
Page 15 and 16: Locally, public and private leaders
Page 17 and 18: Life-cycle cost analysis—an incre
Page 19 and 20: PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS ROSE GARDEN A
Page 21 and 22: oughly $60 billion each year in med
Page 23 and 24: MT. AIRY PUBLIC LIBRARYMt. Airy, No
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2Selecting Env i ronmentall
Page 27 and 28: ology avoids false precision by col
Page 29 and 30: non-dominant alternatives within al
Page 31 and 32: BEES will accommodate different lev
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 3P r e - De s i g n★ S I
Page 35 and 36: Environmental design guidelines, al
Page 37 and 38: the project. The building program s
Page 39 and 40: cise can produce valuable informati
Page 41 and 42: By December 1994, the city’s Depa
Page 43 and 44: PART IIISite Is s u e sIntroduction
Page 45 and 46: The use, scale, and structural syst
Page 47 and 48: RELATIONSHIP OF LOT SHAPE AND SET-B
Page 49 and 50: ❑ Identify alternative site desig
Page 51 and 52: Building and Site Orientation (see
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 6Water Is s u e sWatershed
Page 55 and 56: POROUS ASPHALTFigure 1Porous asphal
Page 57 and 58: SAMPLE INFILTRATION BASINSource: U.
Page 59 and 60: use vary by locality. If rainfall i
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methods of dealing with centralized
Page 63 and 64:
SHALLOW TRENCH SECTION VIEWSource:
Page 65 and 66:
GRAY- AND BLACKWATER SYSTEMSBurks,
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Soil fertility not only supports pl
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. ☛ SUGGESTED PRACTICES AND CHECK
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❑ Carefully distinguish between l
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Irrigation Equipment★ S I G N I F
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Photovoltaic (PV) power is generall
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OUTDOOR LIGHTING AND ELECTRICITYMoy
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As local governments consider site
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■ Provide guidelines for building
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the collection and use of rainwater
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and global warming, by the strategi
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SECTION APa s s i ve Solar De s i g
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Passive building design starts with
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Daylighting requires the correct pl
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- Determine the optimal effective a
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controlled by the reflectivity of t
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installations require diffuse glazi
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ADVANCED LIGHT SHELFSource: Interna
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shading coefficient. A luminous eff
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8 Illuminating Engineering Society.
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Decisions about construction detail
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❑ Select the proper glazing for w
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guidelines, examples, and reference
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Thermal mass and energy storage are
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❑ Consider other cooling strategi
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Active Solar Systems★ S I G N I F
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from the storage tank, or by flushi
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P h o t ovo l t a i c s★ S I G N
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Solar Energy Research Institute. Th
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SECTION BBuildings Systems andIndoo
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After the energy crisis, design and
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❑ Optimize system efficiency.HVAC
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❑ Consider thermal energy storage
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❑ Perform a pre-occupancy flushou
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❑ Match the quality of light to t
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Renovation and Retrofit Issues❑ C
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Plumbing Systems★ S I G N I F I C
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- Energy learning centers with clas
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.N OT E SI1 Armory B. Lovins and Ro
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These organisms can affect occupant
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Design PrinciplesDesign for improve
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3. International Agency on Research
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- Clean air shafts, occupied areas
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educe the exposure of the interior
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❑ Develop and provide the buildin
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CHAPTER 14Acoustics★ S I G N I F
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RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR BAC
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❑ In highly sound-sensitive areas
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CHAPTER 15BuildingCo m m i s s i o
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EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE CO
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the successful completion of each p
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.I➜ R E S O U R C E SIPortland En
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Much has been written and a great d
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LIFE-CYCLE OF A BUILDINGNote: See G
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BUILDING LIFE-CYCLE DIAGRAM FOR MAT
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■ The inventory of input material
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CHAPTER 16Ma t e r i a l sIntroduct
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can be extreme. However, in a hot,
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(Refer to the “Environmental Impa
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❑ Resource-efficient options- Det
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❑ Health and pollution issues- Ro
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- Some tile is available with recyc
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- One method of low-emission carpet
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- Tropical hardwoods are common in
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CHAPTER 17S p e c i f i c a t i o n
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products such as alternative agricu
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CHAPTER 18Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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Building Systems.I M P L E M E N TA
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.L O CAL OPTIONS.■ Adopt local gu
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PART VThe Co n s t r u c t i o nP r
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cost, within the tightest time-fram
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Construction-Related Indoor Air Qua
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HVAC System Practices❑ Flush out
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- Install motion sensors for securi
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CHAPTER 20Local Gove r n m e n tI n
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tractors the option of using multip
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PART VIOperations andMa i n t e n a
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CHAPTER 21Building Operationsand Ma
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Page 239 and 240:
Temperature and Humidity Control- C
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❑ Maximize use of daylight.❑ In
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While renovation often provides an
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tions. Will be of interest to those
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5.Develop procedures to address acc
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❑ Remove dust.Use a vacuum with h
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❑ Remove stains caused by inks, g
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sion to non-heavy-metal alternative
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➤The Environmental and Conservati
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PART VIIIssues and TrendsIntroducti
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Figure 1Front-End CostsSIMPLE CUMUL
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Table 1PAYMENT TO ENERGY PROV I D E
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A unique feature of the installatio
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Building-Rating SystemsGreen buildi
Page 269 and 270:
Product CertificationSeveral entiti
Page 271 and 272:
ASTM STANDARDS UNDER DEVELOPMENTLif
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The systems module simulates the op
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City of Oakland—Energy Performanc
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Studies have indicated that increas
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Appendix 1: Resources for Local Gov
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Appendix 2: Gl o s s a r yA b s o r
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Generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
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the “Primary output” of the pre
Page 287 and 288:
Appendix 3: Ab b r ev i a t i o n s
Page 289 and 290:
to building owners, designers, and
Page 291:
Appendix 6: Rev i ewe r sLoren E. A
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