Yucatan but did not identify the species; he indicatedthat it was probably a troglobite. Numerousrecent collections from the Yucatan Peninsula containspecimens probably applicable to that reportedby Creaser, but remain unstudied.Family SphaeroniscidaeSpherarmadillo cavernicola MulaikSpherarmadillo cavernicola Mulaik, 1960:84, 179,180-181, fig. 334-341; Nicholas, 1962:170;Schultz, 1970b:125, fig. 11-17; Reddell, 1971b:22; Reddell and Mitchell, 1971a:143; Reddell andMitchell, 1971b: 183; Reddell and Elliott, 1973a:171; Reddell and Elliott, 1973b:181; FernandezRuiz, 1976:717.Type.locality.-Cueva de los Sabinos, San Luis PotosI,Mexico.Distribution.-Known from one cave each in theSierra de El Abra, San Luis PotosI, and the Sierra deGuatemala, Tamaulipas. See Fi~. ~.Records.-San Luis Potosi: Cueva de Los Sabinos;Tamaulipas: <strong>Cave</strong> (Rancho del Cielo).Discussion.-A record of this species from Huatusco,Veracruz (Mulaik, 1960) is doubtlcss an errorand is presumably applicable to S. huatuscensis .Vlulaik.The species belonging to the genus Spherarmadilioare only very poorly separated from those ofthe genus Sphaeroniscus. Spherarmadillo cavemicolais more closely related to S. huatuscensis from Veracruzthan to the only other species of the genus, S.schwarzi Richardson, from Guatemala. Schultz (pers.comm.) expresses the opinion that this spccies maybe an endogean <strong>for</strong>m, but it is apparently still knownonly from the cave habitat. It is, there<strong>for</strong>c, rctainedin this list with some reservations.Family SquamiferidaeThe family Squamifcridae is represented in :\'lcxicancaves by four species of the genus Trichorhina,three of which are anophthalmic and included here.A fourth species, T. vandeli Rioja, is known onlyfrom Cueva Cerro Hueco, Chiapas, and possessesreduced eyes; it is probably a troglophile. The remainingfour species are epigean <strong>for</strong>ms. Vandel(1964) indicated that all of these species are prob.ably endogeans, and he may be correct. The epigeanisopod fauna of Mexico is only poorly known, anduntil careful collections of the endogean habitat havebeen made, any speculations on the relationships ofthese species are premature.Trichorhina atoyacensis MulaikTrichorhina atoyacensis Mulaik, 1960:83, 140, 141,fig. 127-130; Nicholas, 1962:171; Lemos de Castro,1964:1; Reddell, 1971b:22.Type.locality.-Cueva (=Grutas) de Atoyac, Atoyac,Veracruz, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 9.Discussion.-Schultz (pers. comm.) has indicatedthat this species may be synonymous with T. pearsei(Creaser) and T. boneti Rioja. If these species provcto be identical, they are almost ccrtainly not troglohites,since these cave regions are so widely separatet]and the troglobitic faunas so distinct.Trichorhina boneti RiojaOniscidae sp. D: Bonet, 1953a:24, 65.La <strong>for</strong>ma aGn al genera Troglophiloscia: Bond,1953a:27, 30, 33.Trichorhina boneti Rioja, 1956:451-456, fig. J5-27;:\lulaik, 1960:83, 140, 1-1,4-147, fig. 618-630;\icholas, 1962:171; Lcmos de Castro, 1964:J;Reddell, 19C>7d:l06; Reddell, 197111:22.Oniscidac, unidentified genus and species: Redddl,1971b:2J (Cueva del Ahuate n. 2 record only).Type.locality.-Cueva de Ahuate numero dos,pucrto de Ahuate, al SO. de Xilitla, San Luis PotosI,.\:Iexico.Distribution.---Known only from the tnw-Iocality.See Fig. 9.Discussion.~This is the most northern record <strong>for</strong>the genus in Mcxieo. Schultz (pers. comll1.) has indicatedthat this species may be synonymous with T.pearsei.Trichorhina pearsei (Creaser)Porcellio: Pearse, EI:38a: 13, 15; Pearse, 1945:Ill,166.Porcellio pearsei Creaser, 1938: L60, 162, 163, fig.1-8; Pearse, 1945:166; Rioja, 1953a:286, 295;\Iulaik, 1960:166, 170-171; Nicholas, 1962:171.Porcellio pearsi: Vandel, 1950:206, 207 (erroneousspelling).Trichorhina yucatanensis Mulaik, 1960:83, 140,142, 144, fig. 146-150; Lemos de Castro, 1964:J,2.Trichorhina yucatensis: l'\icholas, 1962:171 (erroneousspelling).Trichorhina pearsei: Lemos de Castro, 1964:1, 2;Reddell, 1971b:22; Reddell, 1977b:229, 239,240,268,270,273,274,276,285.94
Type-Iocality.-Of Porcellio pearsei: Balaam Canche<strong>Cave</strong> (=Grutas de Balankanche), near ChichenItza, Yucatan, Mexico; of Trichorhina yucatanensis:Cueva de Gorgosa (=Actun Gongora), Oxkutzcab,Yucatan, Mexico.Distribution.-Known from seven caves in Yucatan.See Fig. 9.Records.-Yucatan: Gru tas de Balankanche, ActlInGongora, Actun Puz, Cenote de Sambula (l\lotul),Cueva Primera del Camino a San Roque, Actun Sazich,and Actun Xpukil.Discussion.--This is an eyeless species hut mayprove to be an endogean <strong>for</strong>m. One eyeless epigeanspecies, T. xoltumae Mulaik, is known from Xoltum,Yucatan (Mulaik, 1960). :'iumerous collections ofcave and epigean isopods from the Yucatan Peninsulaare now under study by Dr. George A. Schultz.Further speculation on the ecologic status of thisspecies is premature.Family TrichoniscidaeBrackenridgia acostai (Rioja)Protrichoniscus acostai Rioja, 195Ih:181-189, fig. 123; Rioja, 1953a:290, 291, 295: Rioja, 195::3b:217; Rioja, ] 955b:49-53, 61. fig. 19-26; '\lulaik,1960:82, 100, 102-105, fig. 552-570; l\icholas,1962: 172; Vandel, 1965c:352, :l5~, fig. I.Protrichoniscus (part): Rioja, 1953e: 11.Protrichonischus acostai: Rioja, 1955a:208 (erron(~ousspelling).Brackenridgia acostai: Keddell, 1971b :23.Type-Iocality.-Cueva de toma de ai,rtla para lapoblacion de Comitan (=Cueva del Tio Ticho), Chiapas,Mexico.Distribution.-Known from two caves near Corn itan, Chiapas. See Fig. 10.Records.-Chiapas: Cueva dcl Tio Ticho and Gmtasde Zapaluta.Discussion.-The genus Brackenridgia is a memherof the First Division of the subfamily Trichoniscinae.This division is considered by Vandel (1965c) to bethe most primitive. Members of it are found in Europeand North America. Brackenridgia includeseight species, seven of which are troglobites. Theeighth, B. heroldi (Arcangeli), is known only fromcaves and epigean localities in Cali<strong>for</strong>nia (U.S.A.).Two species, B. cavernarum Ulrich and B. reddelli(Vandel), are known only from caves in Texas.Brackenridgia bridgesi (Van Name)Protrichoniscus bridgesi Van Name, 1942:299,302304, fig. 4-5; Bolivar, 1950:211; Rioja, 1950:127-137, 138, 140, 141, 143, fig. 1-20; Vandel,1950:206, 207; Rioja, 1951b:183, 184, 187,188; Villalobos, 1951:215; Bonet, 1953a:27,30;Rioja, 1953a: 287, 289, 291, 295; Vandel, 1953:371, 372; Rioja, 1955b:39-44, 46, 53, 61, fig.1-10; Mulaik, 1960:100, 101-102, 103, 104, 105,106, 107, 108, 109, 110, fig. 27-38; Nicholas,1962:172; Reddell, 1965a:19; Vandel, 1965c:353, 354, 360-364, 366, fig. 1, 5-6; Reddell,1967b:82; Schultz, 1968:256-257, fig. 3, 6, 9,12,15,18,21,26-27; Schultz, 1970a:412.Protrichoniscus (part): Rioja, 1953e:ll, fig. 7.Protrichoniscus potosinus Mulaik, 1960:100-10],fig. 21-26; Nicholas, 1962:172; Bowman, 1965:212; McKenzie, 1965a:38; Vandel, 1965c:353,354,360.Brackenridgia bridgesi: Mitchell and Reddell, 1971:59; Reddell, 1971h:23; Reddell and Mitchell,1971a:143, fig. 9; Reddell and Mitchell, 1971b:183, fig. 1, 15; Mitchell and Kawakatsu, 1973a:671, 673, 675; Reddell and Elliott, 1973a:171;Reddell and Elliott, 1973b:181; Fernandez Ruiz,1976:716, 717; Johnson and Heath, 1977:131135.Type-Iocality.-Of Protrichoniscus bridgesi: <strong>Cave</strong>at El Pujal (=Cueva Chica), San Luis Potosi, Mexico;of Protrichoniscus potosinus: Cueva Chica, El Pujal,San Luis Potosi, Mexico.DistributiolJ.-Known from caves in the Sierra deEl Abra, San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas; and theSierra de Guatemala, Tamaulipas. See Fig. 10.Records.-San Luis Potosi: Boca del Ahra, Sotanodel Arroyo, Cueva Chica, Ventana Jahali, Cueva deLos Sabinos, Sotano del Tigre, and Sotano de laTinaja; Tamaulipas: ?Cueva de la Capilla, Cueva dela Mina, Cueva de El Paehon, and Grutas de Quintero.DiscussiolJ.-Boca del Abra is an unidentified localitybut may be the same cave as Cueva de Valdosa.This widespread species may also be found in a varietyof habitats, both terrestrial and aquatic. Individualshave been seen to walk though pools severalinches deep and even to be seen remaining underwater <strong>for</strong> long periods of time. It is usually collectedon small pieces of rotten wood, among bits of organicdebris washed into caves, or about small pools. Johnsonand Heath (1977) estimated the population sizein Cueva Chiea to be about 533 individuals. This speciesshows strong affinities with B. reddelli of CentralTexas (Vandel, 1965c).Brackenridgia palmitensis (Mulaik)Protrichoniscus palmitensis Mulaik, 1960:100, 102,fig. 39-48; Nicholas, 1962: 172; Bowman, 1965:212; Vandel, 1965c:353, 354; Reddell, 1967a:24.95
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A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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- Page 84 and 85: part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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- Page 90 and 91: Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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- Page 98 and 99: the similarities between the distri
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- Page 104 and 105: It indudes five spccies, of which t
- Page 106 and 107: Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
- Page 108 and 109: Records.-Campeche: Volc
- Page 110 and 111: 164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
- Page 112 and 113: Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
- Page 115 and 116: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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- Page 119 and 120: philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
- Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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- Page 125 and 126: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
- Page 127 and 128: Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
- Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
- Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
- Page 133 and 134: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
- Page 135 and 136: Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
- Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
- Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
- Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
- Page 143 and 144: Distribution.-Known from two caves
- Page 146 and 147: actually a natural cave artificiall
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
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estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
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maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
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Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
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Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
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263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
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Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
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Three species of short-tailed bats
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abundant in the entrance area of Cu
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Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
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Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
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Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
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Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
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Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
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Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
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Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
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Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
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McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
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Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
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Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
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Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
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Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
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Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
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Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
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Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.