263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 58, pI. 40A;Johnson, 1967:6-7, 9-11, 25, 27,28,30,32,34,36,37,38, 39,40,44,46,48,49, fig.7,9;Kos~wig, 1967:441-450; Kuhn and Strotkoetter, 1967:I-57; Mattheij and van Oordt, 1967:472; Pfeiffer,1967b:218, 224, 225; Popper and Tavolga, 1967:791; Reddell, 1967b:82; Russell and Raines,1967:79, 84; Schemmel, 1967:255-316; Thineset aI., 1967:438,442; Barr, 1968a:77, 89, 90,91;Frank, 1968:299-391; Glaser, 1968:648-658; Mattheij,1968a:588-595; Mattheij, 1968b:542-553;Wilkens, 1968:454-464; Campos, 1969:255,256,259, 263, 265, 266, 277-281, 292, 298, fig. 1, 4,6,9; Frank, 1969:11-13; Fujii, 1969:324; Kleerekoper,1969:123; Mattheij, 1969:588-597; Mattheijand Sprangers, 1969:411-419; Mattheij et aI.,1969:519-520; Sadoglu and McKee, 1969:10-14;Thines, 1969:frontispiece, 10, 20, 24-25, 27, 55,57-62, 235, 247, 304, 305, 335, 336, 344, 347349, 352-354, 356-357, 360, fig. 13-14,97, 113;Alvarez, 1970:44; Delamare-Deboutteville andBotosaneau, 1970:75; Gertychowa, 1970:9-69;Love, 1970: 186, fig. 74; Mattheij, 1970a:lxix;Mattheij, 1970b:91-106; Walker, 1970:6-7,44-50;Weiss and Martini, 1970:34-37, fig. 1; Whitt andMaeda, 1970:728-731,739-740, fig. 3, 9a; Wilkens,1970a:I-47; Wilkens, 1970b:173; Wilkens, 1970c:56, 59; Bauer, 1971:56, 121; Gertychowa, 1971:66-69; Glydenholm and Scheel, 1971 :480; Hara,1971:93, 94, 108; Heuts and Thines, 1971:147;Reddell, 1971b:l; Avise and Selander, 1972:2;De Buen, 1972:119,121; Durand, 1972:621,622,690, 693; Herald, 1972:87, 103; Schmatolla,1972:556; Thines and Tercafs, 1972:46, 55, fig.11; Thines and Wissocq, 1972:140, 143-153,167,fig. 2-5; Wilkens, 1972a:l; Wilkens, 1972b:411431; Wilkens and Bums, 1972:263,264,266,268;Zaccone, 1972:106-115; Denton, 1973:99; Thinesand Durand, 1973:275, 276, 277, 278, fig. 5,pI. I(fig. a, e, f), pI. II(fig. a); Thines and Legrain,1973:291-297; Zeitlin, 1973:461462; Zeitlin andMcDevitt, 1973:357a; Pfeiffer, 1975:708; Thinesand Capon, 1975:209,216; Vives, 1975:119-123;Migdalski and Fichter, 1976:138, 139; Durand,1977:150; Kirby et aI., 1977:578; Mitchell et aI.,1977:4, 5; Miyashita et aI., 1977:?; Wilkens,1977a:143, 146; Zaccone, 1977:31-38, fig. 1-2;Thines and Piquemal, 1978: 197; Thines andWeyers, 1978:36, 39; Coss, 1979:341; Coss andGlobus, 1979:348.Anoptichthys: Anonymous, 1940:221; Breder andGresser, 1941a:112; Breder and Gresser, 1941c:289-296, pI. 1; Anonymous, 1942a:221; OsorioTafall, 1943:45, 46, 49, 52, 55, 57-67, 68, 69;Walls, 1942:387; Osorio Tafall, 1946:153; Pavan,1946:343; Alvarez, 1950:13, 26; Bonet, 1953b:238,241,242; Rioja, 1953a:287; Thines, 1955:27,119, 121, 123; Olivereau and Francotte-Henry,1955-1956:144; John, 1957:123-132; Sadoglu,1957a:394; Bertin, 1958a:1918, 1919, 1920,1921, 1922, 1923; Bertin, 1958b:2661; Alvarez,1959:78; Breder, 1959:420, 422, 426,429,431,fig. 7; Kosswig, 1959:50,55-56; Kosswig, 1960b:495,496,500,504,505-506,507,508-510; Kuhn,1960:418-483; Thines, 1960:46, 47, 48, 49;Frank, 1961:360; Poulson, 1961:14, 171, 175,177; Kosswig, 1963:205-239; Pfeiffer, 1963:123,127, 128, 129, 142, 144, 145, 146; Poulson,1963:285,286; Steven, 1963:212,227,228,229,230,231; Kosswig, 1964:72-74, fig. 11-13; Vandel,1964:19, 52,382, 412,413, 420,459,462, 474,495, 505, 506, pI. 10; Fingerman, 1965 :323; Kosswig,1965:233-234,246-256, fig. 11-12; McKenzie,1965a:34; McKenzie and Russell, 1965:30; Reddell,1965c:6; Vandel, 1965a:11, 39, 222, 350,356, 387, 402, 418, 428, 430, 434, 483, pI. 10;Greenwood, 1967:266,269,271; Husmann, 1967:417; Johnson, 1967:6-9, 23, 26, 45,47,48; Kosswig,1967:441-450; Kosswig and Peters, 1967:828-835; Pfeiffer, 1967a:365-378; Pfeiffer, 1967b:218-245; Reddell, 1967c:55; Thines et aI., 1967:437-448, pI. 73-76; Barr, 1968a:77, 78, 88-89;Durand, 1968:352; Peck, 1968:96; Peters andPeters, 1968:212,220,231,233,234,238; Campos,1969:259,265,284,286,287,288,289,293,294, 295, 296, 297; Fujii, 1969:335,343; Kleerekoper,1969:127; Thines, 1969:5, 15,55-57,69,214, 223-225, 233-235, 239-241, 273, 276, 300,301, 304-307, 317, 322, 327, 329, 332-336,338-344, fig. 100, 114-115; Alvarez, 1970:43,44,45, fig. 47; Fenwick, 1970:98; Strinati, 1970:2;Vandel and Durand, 1970:2699; Culver and Poulson,1971:83; Delamare-Deboutteville, 1971:69;Gertychowa, 1971:67; Heuts and Thines, 1971:113, 117, 140, 141, 158, 159, 160, 161; Rouch,1971:108; Durand, 1972:693, 760; Thines andTercafs, 1972:55, 64, 135, 136, 137, 143-144,147; Thines and Wissocq, 1972:139, 140, 142,154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163-167,168; Wilkens and Burns, 1972:263-269; Petersand Peters, 1973a: 187-201; Peters and Peters,1973b:301-313; Thines and Durand, 1973:275,277, 280; Juberthie, 1974:81, 82; Peters et aI.,1975:110, 116, 123; Pfeiffer, 1975:706-711;Thines and Capon, 1975:209, 221, 225, 227;Durand, 1976:181, 219, fig. I; Durand, 1977:149-161, pI. 1-4; Mitchell et aI., 1977:5; Yew andYoshihara, 1977:175; Thines and Piquemal, 1978:240
196,197,198,202-203; Thines and Weyers, 1978:36, 39; Durand, 1979:270-274, pl.(fig. 3-5).Anoptichthys n. subsp.: Osorio TafaU, 1942:210.Anoptichthys n. sp.: Breder, 1943c: 169,175.Blind characins: Bridges, 1943:90; Heuts, 1953b:300.Anoptichthys sp.: Breder and Rasquin, 1943:169-200, pI. 1-3; Alvarez, 1946:265, 267, 268, 270,271,272,274,275-278,280,281, fig. 9-15; Bolivar,1946:27; De Buen, 1946:127; Rasquin, 1946:578-579; Breder and Rasquin, 1947a:323-351;Cahn, 1958:76-107, pI. 16-20, 22-24, 26-27;Tamayo, 1962:vol. III:260; Walters and Walters,1965:22; Reddell, 1967c:55; Schemmel, 1967:255-316. Rance and Baker, 1979:65,66.Blind fish: Breder, 1944:131-143, pI. 1; Mannix,1947:59; Mohr, 1950:5; Heuts, 1953a:391-392;Warner and Beer, 1957:17; Longsworth, 1959:117, 119; Lanham, 1962:93, pI. 23; McKenzieand Russell, 1965:31, 32; l\lohr and Poulson,1966:181, 182; Reddell, 1967b:82; Russell andRaines, 1967:53, 69; Bauer, 1971:120; Elliott,1972:129, 130, 131; Walsh, 1972:15, 23; Kawakatsu,1973a:?; Oguri and Omura, 1973:419,421,424,434, fig. XV-10; Reddell, 1973b:77-78.Anoptichthys antrobius Alvarez, 1946:265,267,268,270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 278-281, fig. 16-23;Alvarez, 1947:219; Breder and Rasquin, 1947a:323-351; Alvarez, 1950:28; Breder and Atz, 1952:262; Bonet, 1953b:241; Thines, 1954:36; Bridges,1955:268; Thines, 1955:9, 41, 70-71, 108-109;Bonet, 1956a:83; Bonet, 1956d:250; Dearolf,1956:202; Sadoglu, 1956:113-114; Hahn, 1960:611; Thines, 1960:44; Heuts, 1961:196, 197;Poulson, 1961:172, 174; Nicholas, 1962:184;Bonet, 1963a:99; Kosswig, 1963:220, fig. 2;Poulson, 1963:286, 287, 288; Franck, 1964:95107; Kosswig, 1964:73; Vandel, 1964:262,474;Boucquey et al., 1965:79-103; Kosswig, 1965:251, fig. 10; Reddell, 1965a:20; Thines and WolffVan Ermengem, 1965:585; Thines et aI., 1965:61115; Vandel, 1965a:222, 402; Vandenbussche etaI., 1965:586; Peters and Peters, 1966:393-414;Pfeiffer, 1966:97-105; Johnson, 1967:6-7, 12-13,27,28,30,32,34,36,37,38,39,40,41,44,46,48, 49, fig. 7, 9; Pfeiffer, 1967a:366, 376, 377;Pfeiffer, 1967b:218, 219, 224, 225, 226, 232,242, 243; Reddell, 1967b:82; Russell and Raines,1967:58; Sadoglu, 1967:541-549; Schemmel,1967:255-316; Thines et aI., 1967:438; Wilkens,1968:454-464; Sadoglu and McKee, 1969:10-14; Thines, 1969:10, 25, 27, 64-66,344-345,348, 352, 356, 360-363, fig. 100, 123; Alvarez,1970:45; Gertychowa, 1970:9,10; Strinati, 1970:3, fig. 1; Wilkens, 1970a:1-47; Wilkens, 1970b:173; Wilkens, 197Oc:54-75; Gertychowa, 1971:66,67; Wilkens, 1971:530-543; Avise and Selander,1972:3; Thines and Tercafs, 1972:55; Wilkens,1972a:l; Wilkens, 1972b:412, 414, 417, 421;Wilkens and Burns, 1972:263, 266; Schemmel,1973:215; Mitchell et al., 1977:4,5,57; Wilkens,1977a:139.Anoptichthys hubbsi Alvarez, 1947:215-219, fig. 1;Rasquin, 1949a:499-531; Rasquin, 194%:131,133; Alvarez, 1950:28; Bolivar, 1950:216; Heuts,1951:223; Bolivar, 1952:295,296; Bonet, 1953b:241; Olivereau and Herlant, 1954:52; Thines,1954:36; Bridges, 1955:268; Thines, 1955:9,41,70, 108-109; Olivereau and Francotte-Henry,1955-1956:143; Bonet, 1956a:86; Bonet, 1956d:247; Dearolf, 1956:202; Sadoglu, 1956:113-114;Gordon, 1957:467; John, 1957:123-132; Pick<strong>for</strong>dand Atz, 1957:159; Alvarez, 1959:79; Breder,1959:423,424,425,436,437,446,447, fig. 4-6;Hahn, 1960:611; Humbach, 1960a:1-88; Humbach,1960b:551-552; Thines, 1960:44; Heuts,1961:196; Poulson, 1961:172, 173, 174; Nicholas,1962:184; Bonet, 1963a:98; Poulson, 1963:286,287, 288; Moore and Nicholas, 1964:94; Vandel,1964:262, 414,466, 474, 482; Boucquey et aI.,1965:88; Thines et aI., 1965:65; Vandel, 1965a:222, 351, 395, 402, 407; Peters and Peters, 1966:393-414; Johnson, 1967:6-7, 11-12, 28, 30, 32,34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 46, 50, fig. 7,9;Pfeiffer, 1967b:218, 225; Reddell, 1967b:82;Schemmel, 1967:255-316; Thinesetal., 1967:438;Wilkens, 1968:454-464; Sadoglu and McKee,1969:10-14; Thines, 1969:10,20,25,27,62-68,335, 348, 356, fig. 97; Alvarez, 1970:45; Gertychowa,1970:9,65; Wilkens, 1970a:1-47; Wilkens,1970b:173; Wilkens, 1970c:54-75; Gertychowa,1971:67; Wilkens, 1971:530-543; Avise and Selander,1972:2; Thines and Tercafs, 1972:55;Wilkens, 1972a:l; Wilkens, 1972b:412, 414, 416,421; Wilkens and Burns, 1972:263,266; Mitchellet al., 1977:4,5,51; Wilkens, 1977a:139.Anopitchthys hubbsi: Alvarez, 1947:215 (erroneousspelling).Characinidae of <strong>Mexican</strong> caves: Allee et al., 1949:643.Anoptichthys undescribed species: Rasquin, 1947:3542, pl. 1.Anopthychtys: Rioja, 1953a:294 (erroneous spelling).Anopichthys antrobius: Martin and Martin, 1954:584 (erroneous spelling).241
- Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
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the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
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philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
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Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
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een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
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actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
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estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
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maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
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Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
- Page 196 and 197: Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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- Page 200 and 201: this is almost certainly M. russell
- Page 202 and 203: Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
- Page 204 and 205: Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
- Page 206 and 207: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
- Page 208 and 209: Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
- Page 210 and 211: of small soil inhabiting japygoids
- Page 212 and 213: (Linnaeus) has been collected from
- Page 214 and 215: Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
- Page 216 and 217: the most poorly known species in th
- Page 218 and 219: Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
- Page 220 and 221: citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
- Page 222 and 223: een found in caves and mines in Yuc
- Page 224 and 225: ground dwelling habit, many beetles
- Page 226 and 227: Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
- Page 228 and 229: Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
- Page 230 and 231: Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
- Page 232 and 233: Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
- Page 234 and 235: Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
- Page 236 and 237: (A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
- Page 238 and 239: epresented by many species. Tenebri
- Page 240 and 241: Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
- Page 242 and 243: genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
- Page 244 and 245: Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
- Page 248 and 249: Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
- Page 250 and 251: Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
- Page 252 and 253: TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
- Page 254 and 255: Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
- Page 256 and 257: Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
- Page 258 and 259: sity of bats in the tropics. In add
- Page 260 and 261: Three species of short-tailed bats
- Page 262 and 263: abundant in the entrance area of Cu
- Page 264 and 265: Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
- Page 266 and 267: Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
- Page 268 and 269: Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
- Page 270 and 271: Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
- Page 272 and 273: Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
- Page 274 and 275: Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
- Page 276 and 277: Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
- Page 278 and 279: Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
- Page 280 and 281: McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
- Page 282 and 283: Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
- Page 284 and 285: Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
- Page 286 and 287: Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
- Page 288 and 289: Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
- Page 290 and 291: Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
- Page 292 and 293: Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
- Page 294 and 295: Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
- Page 304 and 305:
*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
- Page 306 and 307:
*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
- Page 308:
Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
- Page 311 and 312:
Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
- Page 315 and 316:
*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
- Page 329 and 330:
SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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