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the cave and in general association with Leptonetalimpida, Psilochorus delicatus, and Cryptocellus reddelli.Nicholas (1962) listed Spermophila (sic) speophilaChamberlin and Ivie from caves in Yucatan asa troglobite. This species, now placed in Pholcophora,should be considered a troglophile.Pholcophora gruta GertschPholcophora gruta Gertsch, 1971a:48, 78, fig. 95-96,137-138; Reddell, 1973a:33, 39; Brignoli, 1974b:223; Hoffmann, 1976:26.Type-Iocality.-Grutas de Juxtlahuaca, 6.5 km Nof Colotlipa, Guerrero, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 42.Discussion.-This is a pale, eyeless species.Pholcophora pearsei (Chamberlin and Ivie)Anopsicus pearsei Chamberlin and Ivie, 1938b:123,130, 132, fig. 17-18; Pearse, 1945:156; Nicholas,1962:181; Gertsch, 1971a:47, 76; Reddell,1971b:31; Hoffmann, 1976:84; Gertsch, 1977b:103, ll2.Anopsicus: Pearse, 1945:155; Brignoli, 1972: 137,138,139; Brignoli, 1974b:219, 223.Pholcophora (Anopsicus) pearsei: Gertsch, 1971a:48.Pholcophora pearsei: Gertsch, 1971a:77; Brignoli,1974b:223; Hoffmann, 1976:26, 84; Gertsch,1977b:ll5, ll6, fig. 47-49; Reddell, 1977b:232,239,240,253,259,260,261.Type-Iocality.-Oxolodt Cave (=Cueva Oxolodt),Kaua, Yucatan, Mexico.Distribution.-Known from caves in Quintana Rooand Yucatan. See Fig. 42.Records.-Quintana Roo: Cenote de Las Ruinasand Cenote de Santo Domingo; Yucatan: Cueva Escondida,Actlin Kaua, and Cueva Oxolodt.Discussion.-This small, eyeless species is usuallyfound beneath rocks in moist areas.Psilochorus delicatus GertschPsilochorus delicatus Gertsch, 1971a:76, fig. 90-91;Hoffmann, 1976:27; Reddell, 1977a:90.Type-Iocality.-Cueva de los Riscos, Sierra deIndia, 6.5 km S of Mapimi, Durango, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 43.Discussion.-This small pale species with reducedeyes is known only from a single female and two immaturespecimens. It was collected from a small sideroom near the end of the cave. Nicholas (1962)listed Pholcus cordatus Bilimek from Grutas de Cacahuamilpa,Guerrero, as a troglobite. This species,now placed in Psilochorus, is a troglophile.Psilochorus diablo GertschPsilochorus new species: Spieth, 1950:31.Psilochorus sp.: Reddell, 1971b:32 (Cueva del Diablorecord only).Psilochorus diablo Gertsch, 1971a:72, 73, fig. 77-81;Reddell, 1973a:39; Hoffmann, 1976:27; Reddell,1977a:85.Type-locality.-Cueva del Diablo, 1 km W of Salaices,35 km N of Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 43.Discussion.-This small, pale species has reducedeyes and is probably a troglobite restricted to thecave habitat by the surrounding desert.Family ScytodidaeThe spiders of the scytodid genus Loxoscelesabound in the caves of Mexico, Guatemala, andBelize (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1938b; Gertsch, 1958,1973b) (see Fig. 44). A total of 13 species of thisgenus is known from caves: L. aranea Gertsch fromQueretaro; L. aurea Gertsch from Durango; L. belliGertsch from Coahuila; L. bolivari Gertsch and L.luteola Gertsch from Nuevo Leon; L. colima Gertschfrom Colima; L. devia Gertsch and l\Iulaik from Tamaulipas;L. misteca Gertsch from Guerrero; L. tehuanaGertsch from Chiapas; L. tenango Gertschfrom Hidalgo; L. valdosa Gertsch from San Luis PotOSIand Tamaulipas; L. yucatana Chamberlin andIvie from Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatan,Mexico; Cayo District, Belize; and EI Peten, Guatemala;and L. guatemala Gertsch from Alta Verapaz,Guatemala. These spiders are usually found in drierareas of the cave. They live in small tangled websamong loose dry breakdown and are frequently presentin large numbers. Although several species"of thegenus Scytodes are known from Mexican caves, noneshow signs of cave adaptation. Nicholas (1962) liststwo Yucatan cave species, Scytodes itzana Chamberlinand Ivie and S. meridana Chamberlin and Ivie astroglobites; these species are probably troglophiles.Scytodes fusca Walckenaer is also frequently found incaves in Yucatan. Brignoli (1976) has reviewed theworld scytodid fauna.Family TelemidaeThe family Telemidae is known from southernEurope, Africa, the western United States, and Guatemala.A single species, Telema mayana Gertsch, is154
a troglohite in Guatemalan caves (see Fig. 34). Telemagracilis (Keyserling) from Alabaster Cave, California,is a troglophile.Telema mayana GertschTelema mayana Gertsch, 1973b: 141, 154-155; Shear,1976:249.Type-locality.-Cueva Sepacuite n. 2, Finca Sepacuite,Senahu, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 34.Discussion.-The eyes in this species are reducedto vestiges.,.,"., .,,Family TetrablemmidaeMatta mckenziei ShearTetrablemma n. sp.: Reddell, 1977b:232, 240, 241,245,247.Matta mckenziei Shear, 1978:14, 16, 18, 19,20, fig.37-39.Type-locality.-Grutas de San Ignacio, Chencedro,15 km. N of Bolonchenticul, Campeche, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from two caves innorthwestern Campeche. See Fig. 35.Records.-Campeche: ActUn Halmensura and Grutasde San Ignacio.)\,."-,,·.r--"' __ II,.MEXICOGUATEMALA/r\~, r//Fig. 43.-Distribution of troglobitic and troglophilic pholcid spiders of the genus Psilochorus: 1, PsilochoTUs diablo; 2, P.russelli; 3, P. delicatus; 4, P. concinnus; S,P. Fuhi; 6, P. cordatus and P. te/lezi; 7, Psilochorus n. sp.; 8, P. murphyi.155
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A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
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the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
Page 110 and 111: 164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
Page 112 and 113: Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
Page 115 and 116: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
Page 117 and 118: the pond which is fed by the cave s
Page 119 and 120: philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
Page 123 and 124: Distribution.-Known only from the t
Page 125 and 126: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
Page 127 and 128: Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
Page 133 and 134: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
Page 135 and 136: Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
Page 143 and 144: Distribution.-Known from two caves
Page 146 and 147: actually a natural cave artificiall
Page 148 and 149: Discussion.-This large species has
Page 150 and 151: and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153: estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
Page 154 and 155: maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
Page 156 and 157: Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
Page 158 and 159: Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
Page 162 and 163: DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
Page 164 and 165: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
Page 166 and 167: family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
Page 168 and 169: n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
Page 170 and 171: Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
Page 172 and 173: Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
Page 174 and 175: Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
Page 176 and 177: only one species. All known epigean
Page 178 and 179: nation must await study, but it is
Page 180 and 181: Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
Page 182 and 183: Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
Page 184 and 185: Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
Page 186 and 187: Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
Page 188 and 189: the genus Synoptura and removed the
Page 190 and 191: known from caves all contain troglo
Page 192 and 193: las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
Page 194 and 195: Discussion.-This species is distinc
Page 196 and 197: Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
Page 198 and 199: appears to be most closely related
Page 200 and 201: this is almost certainly M. russell
Page 202 and 203: Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
Page 204 and 205: Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
Page 206 and 207: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
Page 208 and 209: Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
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Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
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263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
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Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
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Three species of short-tailed bats
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abundant in the entrance area of Cu
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Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
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Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
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Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
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Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
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Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
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Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
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Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
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Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
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McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
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Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
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Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
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Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
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Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
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Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
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Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
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Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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