Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 1954:129-136, fig. 1,pI. I; Smith, 1956:15-16, 41, 42, 43, 44, pI. 27;Suttkus, 1961:55, fig. 5; Nicholas, 1962:184; Vandel,1965a:224; Husmann, 1967:421; ContrerasBalderas, 1969:294; Taylor, 1969:1, 14, 17, 18,220, fig. 5; Thines, 1969:28,90-95,215, fig. 29;Alvarez, 1970:72; Benjamin, 1970:18322; Hubbs,1971:91; Reddell, 1971b:83; Reddell and Mitchell,1971c:2; Thines and Tercafs, 1972:56; Thinesand Durand, 1973:276; United States Office ofEndangered Species and International Activities,1974:5; Longley and Karnei, 1979a:7, fig. 3;Longley and Karnei, 1979b:8, fig. 4; Moore andNicholas, 1978:114.Prietella: Smith, 1956:33-34, fig. 1; Suttkus, 1961:57,63,64; Taylor, 1969:5, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18,24, 217, 310; Thines, 1969:263,267,322; Alvarez,1970:71, 72; Juberthie, 1974:81.Prietella phreaticola:spelling).Vandel, 1964:264 (erroneousPriatella phreatophila: Cole and Minckley, 1966:22(erroneous spelling).Type.locality.~Pozo EI Potrero de Dona Mariana,Municipio de Musquiz, Coahuila, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 85.///II\\;..... r-.,r'..J' .......·-·-rI•'""." \\I'" \(-"\.~I l., "\\ ~",J "(,\\'""'\ ......-...'-'\.r" '--_ ,.: I;",_1 "--L. ._.IU; .....t~ I" i :"'-;::i......" i
Discussion.-Prietella phreatophila is one of onlythree troglobitic catfishes described from North America.The other two species are Satan eurystomusHubbs and Bailey and Trogloglanis pattersoni Eigenmann,both known only from deep artesian wells inand near San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas (U.S.A.).It is notable that all three species of blind ictaluridsare found only in phreatic waters. Prietella is mostclosely related to the genus Noturus, which rangesnortheast from Texas into Canada. Prietella phreatophilahas been collected only in an artificially enlargednatural well fed by a deep crevice. Following!:teavy rains, water gushes from the well, and manyfish are reported to be washed out at that time. Thewell is frequently cleaned with algaecides, and fishmay be found only sporadically in the wells. Thisspecies has been placed on the list of endangered<strong>for</strong>eign species.Family PimelodidaeThe pimelodid catfishes of the genus Rhamdiafrom the caves and cenotes of Yucatan have beenstudied by Hubbs (1936, 1938). His revision of thisgroup includes four subspecies associated with subterraneanwaters: R. guatemalensis decolor Hubbs,R. g. depressa Barbour and Cole, R. g. sacrificiiBarbour and Cole, and R. g. stygaea Hubbs. Rhamdiag. decolor is somewhat depigmented, and R. g. stygaeahas somewhat smaller eyes than the remainingsubspecies. Both of these subspecies are known onlyfrom caves. A troglobitic species of Rhamdia fromcaves in the Acatlan region of Oaxaca is presentlybeing described.Order CyprinodontifonnesFamily PoeciliidaeThe family Poeciliidae is represented in <strong>Mexican</strong>caves by the troglobitic population of Poecilia sphenopsdiscussed below and by two other species.Hubbs (1936) reported the presence of P. sphenopsaltissima (Hubbs), P. velifera (Regan), and Gambusiayucatana Regan in the cenotes of Yucatan. Theseshould not be considered a part of the true cavefauna.Poecilia sphenops ValenciennesPoecilia sphenops Valenciennes (in Cuvier and Valenciennes,1846):130.Poecilia sphenops, cave population: Gordon and Rosen,1962:360-368, fig. 1-8; Rosen and Bailey,1963:49-53; Kosswig, 1964:74; Moore and Nicholas,1964:95; Walters and Walters, 1965:214-223;Barr, 1968a:89; Peters and Peters, 1968:211-244;Reddell, 1971b:84; Zeiske, 1971:387-393; Parzefalland Wilkens, 1972:64-65, 76; Wilkens andBurns, 1972:269; Kosswig, 1973:5, 10; Parzefall,1973a:177-183, fig. 1-3; Parzefall, 1973b:283290; Peters, 1973:315-326; Peters et al., 1973:417-436, fig. 2-5; Juberthie, 1974:82; Peters et aI.,1975:111; Thines and Capon, 1975:226; Besharseand Brandon, 1976:538; Parzefall, 1979:399-422,fig. 1-10.Mollienesia sphenops, cave population: Poulson,1964:756; Zeiske, 1968:190-222, fig. 1-13; Parzefall,1969:1-37; ParzefaII, 1970:323-342; Wilkens,1970c:65.Mollienesia: Poulson, 1964:755.Discussion.-Poecilia sphenops has been reportedas a cave-adapted fonn only in Cueva del Azufre,Tabasco. The troglobitic population has never beengiven taxonomic recognition. The situation of P.sphenops in Cueva del Azufre is remarkably similarto that of Astyanax jordani and A. mexicanus inCueva Chica, San Luis Potosi. The stream emergingfrom Cueva del Azufre has permitted epigean fish tore-invade the cave habitat, and a limited amount ofhybridization with the derivative troglobitic fish isnow occurring. It is not possible to traverse a greatdistance into Cueva del Azufre and, there<strong>for</strong>e, theeyeless fish population remains unstudied. It is ofgreat importance to explore this region extensivelyin an attempt to locate the source of the eyeless fishnow hybridizing with the eyed P. sphenops. Waltersand Walters (1965) have made some laboratory observationson this species, and the European workersN. and G. Peters, J. Parzefall, H. Wilkens, and E.Zeiske have studied the morphology and geneticsof the cave-adapted <strong>for</strong>m of this species. NormaleyedP. sphenops have been collected in Cueva delRio Subterraneo and in a well near Cueva Chica,San Luis Potosi.Order PercifonnesFamily BrotulidaeTyphliasina pearsei (Hubbs)Typhlias pearsei Hubbs, 1938:261, 263, 265, 267,269, 290, 291, pI. 3; Chitwood, 1938:62; DeBuen, 1940:66; Anonymous, 1947:128; Pearse,1945:112, 113, 151,214; Alvarez, 1950:15,109,110; Cardenas Figueroa, 1950:156; Robles Ramos,1950:64; Ladiges, 1951b:168; Dearolf, 1956:203;Barrera, 1962:84; Tamayo, 1962:vol. III:326; Polland Leleup, 1965:466, 467; Breder and Rosen,1966:385; Greenwood, 1967:267, 270, fig. 58;De Buen, 1972:269; Bravo-Hollis and CaballeroDeloya, 1973:74,99.245
- Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
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the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
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philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
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Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
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een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
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actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
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estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
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maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
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Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
- Page 200 and 201: this is almost certainly M. russell
- Page 202 and 203: Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
- Page 204 and 205: Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
- Page 206 and 207: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
- Page 208 and 209: Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
- Page 210 and 211: of small soil inhabiting japygoids
- Page 212 and 213: (Linnaeus) has been collected from
- Page 214 and 215: Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
- Page 216 and 217: the most poorly known species in th
- Page 218 and 219: Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
- Page 220 and 221: citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
- Page 222 and 223: een found in caves and mines in Yuc
- Page 224 and 225: ground dwelling habit, many beetles
- Page 226 and 227: Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
- Page 228 and 229: Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
- Page 230 and 231: Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
- Page 232 and 233: Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
- Page 234 and 235: Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
- Page 236 and 237: (A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
- Page 238 and 239: epresented by many species. Tenebri
- Page 240 and 241: Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
- Page 242 and 243: genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
- Page 244 and 245: Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
- Page 246 and 247: 263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
- Page 248 and 249: Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
- Page 252 and 253: TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
- Page 254 and 255: Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
- Page 256 and 257: Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
- Page 258 and 259: sity of bats in the tropics. In add
- Page 260 and 261: Three species of short-tailed bats
- Page 262 and 263: abundant in the entrance area of Cu
- Page 264 and 265: Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
- Page 266 and 267: Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
- Page 268 and 269: Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
- Page 270 and 271: Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
- Page 272 and 273: Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
- Page 274 and 275: Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
- Page 276 and 277: Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
- Page 278 and 279: Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
- Page 280 and 281: McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
- Page 282 and 283: Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
- Page 284 and 285: Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
- Page 286 and 287: Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
- Page 288 and 289: Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
- Page 290 and 291: Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
- Page 292 and 293: Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
- Page 294 and 295: Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
- Page 296 and 297: +*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
- Page 298 and 299: Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.