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Schizomus firstmani RowlandSchizomus sp.: Reddell, 1971a:219 (Grutas de Atoyacrecord only).Schizomus firstmani Rowland, 1973a:16-19, fig. 1416; Rowland, 1973c:136; Rowland, 1975a:34,167-168, 232, 234, 235-237, 238, 239-240, 243,246-247, 248-249, 252-253, fig. 217, 219-220,226-227; Rowland and Reddell, 1977:80,84,98,99, fig. 2; Rowland and Reddell, 1979a:163.Type-Iocality.-Grutas de Atoyac, 2 km E Atoyac,Veracruz, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-localityand possibly caves near Acatlan, Oaxaca. See Fig. 23.Records.-Oaxaca: ?Cueva Desapareciendo, ?Cuevade la Finca, and ?Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio SanAntonio; Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac.Discussion.-This species is most closely related toS. bartolo, and is sufficiently delicate and elongate tobe considered a probable troglobite. The Oaxacanrecords <strong>for</strong> this species are based on females andshould be verified by collection of males.Schizomus lukensi RowlandSchizomus lukensi Rowland, 1973c: 136-137, fig. 1,4; Rowland, 1975a:34, 166, 169, 174, 175-176,177, 214-215, 218-219, 222-223, 228-229, 366367, 368-369, 394, fig. 160, 173, 191-192,292;MEXICOGUATEMALAFig. 23.-Distribution of troglobitic schizomids of the family Schizomidae: 1, Schizomus bart%; 2, S. /ukensi; 3, S.reddeUi; 4, S. mitche/li; 5, S. cookei; 6, S. flTstmani; 7, S. pallidus; 8, S. pecki; 9, Schizomus spp.128
Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco, 1977:157;Rowland and Reddell, 1977:80, 83-85, 98, fig. 2;Rowland and Reddell, 1979a: 163.Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Agua (de Simon Salinas),50 km SW Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas, Mexico.Distrihution.-Known only from two caves in theSierra de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas. See Fig. 23.Records.-Tamaulipas: Cueva del Agua de SimonSalinas and Cueva de la Virgen de Guadalupe.Discussion.-This pale species with long first legsis apparently isolated in its moist cave habitat by thesemi-arid environment of the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Itappears to be most closely related to S. mexicanus.Rowland (1975a) tentatively reported females fromCueva de los Cuarteles, Tamaulipas, as belonging tothis species. The recent discovery of males from thispopulation indicates that it is an undescribed speciesvery closely related to S. lukensi.Schizomus mitchelli RowlandSchizomus sp.: Mitchell, 1970b:65.Schizomus mitchelli Rowland, 1971b:121-122, fig. 79, 18; Reddell and Mitchell, 1971a:145; Brignoli,1973a:6; Reddell, 1973a:38; Rowland, 1973c:135; Brignoli, 1974a:145-146, fig. la, 2e; Rowland,1975a:34, 166, 167-168, 169, 181, 182,211-213, 216-217, 228, 231,366-367,368-369,395, fig. 164, 182, 188, 212-215, 292; Dumi·tresco, 1977:157; Rowland and Reddell, 1977:80,84, 85, 96, fig. 2; Rowland and Reddell, 1979a:163.Schizomids: Rowland, 1972a:73.Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Pachon, 7.5 km NE ofAntigua Morelos, Tamaulipas, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from three caves in thenorthern Sierra de El Abra, Tamaulipas. See Fig. 23.Records.-Tamaulipas: Cueva de la Florida, Cuevade El Pachon, and Grutas de Quintero.Discussion.-This species possesses slender elongateappendages and is almost certainly a troglobite. Collectionsoutside of the entrance of Cueva de la Floridahave included only S. mexicanus. A female ofthis species was observed carrying eggs. This is un·usual behavior since previous accounts of schizomidsindicated that they built cocoons and the female remainedin the cocoon until the eggs hatched. Thismay be an adaptation to the cavernicole existenceand its comparatively low number of predators.Schizomus pallidus RowlandSchizomus pallidus Rowland, 1975b:7, 13-15, fig. 6;Rowland, 1975a:34, 166, 167-168, 169,184-186,188, 216-217, 218·219, 222-223, 228, 230, 280,366-367, 368-369, 396, fig. 166, 179, 196,292;Rowland and Reddell, 1977:80,84,87,88, fig. 2;Rowland and Reddell, 1979a:163.Type-Iocality.-Cueva Macinga, Tlilapan, Veracruz,Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 23.Discussion.-This pale species with elongate appendagesappears to be related to S. mexicanus but isquite distinct in some respects. It was found on siltbeneath rocks in a dry side passage of the cave.Schizomus pecki RowlandSchizomus pecki Rowland, 1973a:19-23, fig. 17-19;Rowland, 1973c:136; Sbordoni et al., 1974:1415; Rowland, 1975a:34, 135, 167-168, 188,209,232, 234, 239-241, 242, 243, 244, 246-247, fig.216,218,221,231; Dumitresco, 1977:157; Rowlandand Reddell, 1977:80, 83, 84, 96, 98-99,fig. 2; Rowland and Reddell, 1979a:163; Rowlandand Reddell, 1979b:l04.Type-Iocality.-Las Grutas de Cocona, 2 mi NETeapa, Tabasco, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from two caves nearTeapa, Tabasco. See Fig. 23.Records.-Tabasco: Grutas del Cocona and Resumideradel Cocona.Discussion.-This large, pale species is abundant onsilt under rotten wood in the more remote sectionsof Grutas del Cocona. A dark robust species, S. trilobatus,inhabits litter near the cave entrance.Schizomus reddelli RowlandSchizomus reddelli Rowland, 1971b:123, 124, 126,fig. 13-15; Reddell and Mitchell, 1971b:185; Reddell,1973a:38; Rowland, 1973a:21; Rowland,1973c:135; Brignoli, 1974a:147, 149; Rowland,1975a:34, 166, 169, 177, 178-179,181,214-215,218-219, 220-221, 228-230, 366-367, 368-369,394, fig. 159, 175, 189-190; Rowland and Reddell,1977:80, 84, 85, fig. 2; Rowland and Reddell,1979a:163.Schizomus mexicanus Rowland: Reddell and Mitchell,1971b:185 (misidentification); Vomero, 1974:341 (misidentification).Schizomus reddeli: Dumitresco, 1977: 157 (erroneousspelling).Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Tres Manatiales (=Cuevadel Ojo de Agua de Manantiales), 23 km NW Limon,Tamaulipas, Mexico.Distribution.-Known from two caves in the Sierrade Guatemala, Tamaulipas. See Fig. 23.129
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
Page 84 and 85: part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
Page 86 and 87: The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
Page 88 and 89: associated with true cave waters. P
Page 90 and 91: Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
Page 92 and 93: tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
Page 94 and 95: 30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
Page 96 and 97: underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
Page 98 and 99: the similarities between the distri
Page 100 and 101: Yucatan but did not identify the sp
Page 102 and 103: Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
Page 104 and 105: It indudes five spccies, of which t
Page 106 and 107: Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
Page 108 and 109: Records.-Campeche: Volc
Page 110 and 111: 164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
Page 112 and 113: Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
Page 115 and 116: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
Page 117 and 118: the pond which is fed by the cave s
Page 119 and 120: philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
Page 123 and 124: Distribution.-Known only from the t
Page 125 and 126: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
Page 127 and 128: Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
Page 133: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
Page 143 and 144: Distribution.-Known from two caves
Page 146 and 147: actually a natural cave artificiall
Page 148 and 149: Discussion.-This large species has
Page 150 and 151: and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153: estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
Page 154 and 155: maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
Page 156 and 157: Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
Page 158 and 159: Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
Page 160 and 161: the cave and in general association
Page 162 and 163: DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
Page 164 and 165: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
Page 166 and 167: family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
Page 168 and 169: n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
Page 170 and 171: Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
Page 172 and 173: Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
Page 174 and 175: Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
Page 176 and 177: only one species. All known epigean
Page 178 and 179: nation must await study, but it is
Page 180 and 181: Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
Page 182 and 183: Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
Page 184 and 185:
Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
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Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
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263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
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Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
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Three species of short-tailed bats
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abundant in the entrance area of Cu
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Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
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Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269:
Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
Page 270 and 271:
Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273:
Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
Page 274 and 275:
Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
Page 276 and 277:
Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
Page 278 and 279:
Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
Page 280 and 281:
McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
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Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
Page 284 and 285:
Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
Page 286 and 287:
Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
Page 288 and 289:
Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
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Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
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Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
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Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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