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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altamirano, Nuevo SantaAna, 1400 m, Mpo. de Altamirano (Sbordoni etal.,1977:49-50)+Cueva presso Cuxulja n. 1, Cuxulja, Ocosingo,1435 m, Mpo. de Ocosingo (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:47)+Cueva presso Cuxulja n. 2, Cuxulja, Ocosingo,1435 m, Mpo. de Ocosingo (Sbordoni et a!', 1977:47,48m)+Cueva de Monte Vidal n. 1, Monte Vidal, Altamirano,1400 m, Mpo. de Altamirano (Sbordoni et aI.,1977:50)+Sumidero del Panteon, Altamirano, 1350 m, Mpo. deAltamirano (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:47)Bochil and Soyalo Region+Cave near Bochi!, Mpo. de Bochi! (Villa R., 1967:224,226)+*Cueva de la Golondrina, 4 km E Bochi!, 1440 m,Mpo. de Bochi! (Sbordoni et a!', 1974:30,32)+*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Santo Domingo, FincaSanto Domingo, near Bochi!, 1250 m, Mpo. de Bochi!(Sbordoni et a!., 1974:32)+Sumidero del Naranjo, EI Naranjo, Soyalo, 1540 m,Mpo. de SoyaIo (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:43-44,43m)+*Cueva del Negro, EI Naranjo, Soyalo, 1590 m, Mpo.de Soyalo (Sbordoni et a!., 1977:44m, 45)+Cueva del Puente Redondo, Puente Redondo, Jitotol,1600 m, Mpo. de Jitolol (Sbordoni et aI.,1977:41, 42m, 43)Comiun de Dominguez RegionCueva Chica de Hun Chabin, 1.5 km N Comitan deDominguez, 1700 m, Mpo. de Comitan de DominguezCueva Chica de Hunchenbien-see Cueva Chica deHun Chabin*Cueva del Tio Ticho, 3 km S Comitan de Dominguez,1700 m, Mpo. de Comitan de Dominguez(Sbordoni et a!', 1974:26)Cueva de la Toma de Agua-see Cueva del Tio Ticholxtacomiun Region+Cave 3 km W Ixhuatan, Mpo. de Ixhuatan (Tuttle,1968:787)Cueva de la Frontera-see TABASCO"La Gruta," Ejido Ignacio Allende-see TABASCO+Piccola Grotta in Loc. Malpaso, Malpaso, lxtacomitan,180 m, Mpo. de Ixtacomitan (Sbordoni et aI.,1977:21-22)+Sotano de Malpaso, Malpaso, 2.5 km NE Ixtacomitan,280 m, Mpo. de Ixtacomitan (Sbordoni et a!.,1977:22,22m)MaIpaso Region+Cave in canyon of Rio de la Venta, Lago de Malpaso,600 m, Mpo. de Ocozocoautia (Smith and Alvarezdel Toro, 1977:37)+Cueva del Agua Purificada, Rio Negro, OcozocoautIa,130 m and 115 m, Mpo. de Ocozocoautla (Sbordoniet aI., 1977:26m, 27)+*Cueva del Burro, Lago de Malpaso, Ocozocoautla,125 m, Mpo. de Ocozocoautla (Sbordoni et aI.,1977:23.24,24m)+La Cueva, Lago de Malpaso, Ocozocoautla, 120 m,Mpo. de Ocozocoautla (Sbordoni et a!., 1977:23)+Cueva de las Dos Bocas, at the confluence of the Riode la Venta with the Rio 'egro, Ocozocoautla,120 m, Mpo. de Ocozocoautla (Sbordoni et aI.,1977:25)+Grutas de los Indios, Rio egro, Ocozocoautla,130 m, Mpo. de Cintalapa (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:27)+Cueva de la Mariposa, Rio Negro, Ocozocoautla,125 m, Mpo. de Cintalapa (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:28)+Cueva del Perro de Agua, Rio Negro, near its confluencewith the Rio de la Venta, Ocozocoautla,1I5 m, Mpo. de Ocozocoautla (Sbordoni et a!.,1977:25·26)+Piccola grotta sui Rio Venta, at the confluence of theRio de la Venta with the Rio Negro, Ocozocoautla,145 m, Mpo. de Ocozocoautla (Sbordoniet a!', 1977:25)+Cueva del Venado, Rio Negro, Ocozocoautla, 130 m,Mpo. de Cintalapa (Sbordoni et a!., 1977:27-28)Montebello Region+*Cueva del Arco, San Rafael del Arco, La Trinitaria,1470 m, Mpo. de La Trinitaria (Sbordoni et aI.,1974:23.24,25m)+Cueva de Chinkultic n. 1, near Chinkultic, 30 km SEComitan de Dominguez, 1500 m, Mpo. de La Trinitaria(Sbordoni et aI., 1974:24)+Cueva de Chinkultie n. 2, near Chinkultic, 30 km SEComitan de Dominguez, 1500 m, Mpo. de La Trinitaria(Sbordoni et a!', 1974:24)+Cenote La Cueva, Tziscao, La Trinitaria, 1480 m.Mpo. de La Trinitaria (Sborooni et aI., 1977:52)+Cenote de las Golondrinas, Tziscao. La Trinitaria,1490 m, Mpo. de La Trinitaria (Sbordoni et a!',1977:51·52)+Cueva Leon, 4 km ENE San Lucas, Mpo. de FronteraComalapa (Smith, 1972:117)Grutas de San Francisco-see Grutas de ZapalutaCueva del San Jose del Arco, Lagunas de Montebello,Comitan de Dominguez, Mpo. de La Trinitaria(Peek and Peck, 1973:69)Cueva de La Trinitaria-see Grutas de Zapaluta*Grutas de Zapaluta, 7 km SE La Trinitaria, 1600 m,Mpo. de La Trinitaria (Thompson, 1972:9, 18m;Sbordoni et a!., 1977:51)Motozintia Region+*Sumidero de Canada, Canada, EI Porvenir, 2560 m,Mpo. de EI Porvenir (Sbordoni et a!', 1977:64)+*Grutas de Llano Grande, Llano Grande, La Grandeza,2140 m, Mpo. de La Grandeza (Sbordoni et aI.,1977:63-64)Palenque RegionCueva del Saito de Agua, 15 km SE Palenque, Mpo.de La Libertad (Coons, 1974:17)Rancho del Cielito Region+Cave 3.5 km NNW Galeana, 43.5 km E Altamirano,900 m, Mpo. de Las Margaritas (Pine, 1972:42)+*Cueva de las Canicas, Rancho del Cielito, 12 km fromColonia Galeana, Ocozocoautla, 1350 m, Mpo. deOcozocoautia (Sbordoni et aI., 1974:22m, 29-30)290
+"Cueva del Cerro Brujo, Rancho del Cielito, 12 kmfrom Colonia Galeana, Ocozocoautla, 1320 m,Mpo. de Ocozocoautla (Sbordoni et aI., 1974:2829)San Cristobal de las Casas Region+Cave 2 km W Teopisca, 2120 m, Mpo. de Teopisca(Davis et al., 1964:385)+Cave 5 km from Teopisca, Mpo. de Teopisca (Rudnick,1960:200)+"Well in Casa Bell, San Cristobal de las Casas, Mpo. deSan Cristobal de las Casas (Ruffo and Vigna Taglianti,1977:135)Cueva del Arcotete, 6 km S San Cristobal de lasCasas, Mpo. de San Cristobal de las Casas (Peck andPeck,1973:68-69)+Piccole cavita dell'Arcotete, La Quinta, San Cristobalde las Casas, 2250 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de lasCasas (Shordoni et aI., 1977:61)+Cueva de las Calaveras, Sa~ Cristobal de las Casas,2265 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de las Casas (Sbordoniet al., 1977:48m, 55)Sumidero del Camino, 16 km NE Comitan de Dominguez,Mpo. de Comitan de Dominguez+Cueva de la Canada n. I, La Quinta, San Cristohal delas Casas, 2270 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de lasCasas (Gascoyne and Pratt, 1975:34; Sbordoniet aI., 1977:57-58)+Cueva de la Canada n. 2, La Quinta, San Cristohal delas Casas, 2270 m, Mpo. de San Cristohal de lasCasas (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:58)*Sotano de Cancuc, Cancuc, 11 km NE Tenejapa,Mpo. de Sitala+Sumidero de Casa Clark, San Cristobal de las Casas,2240 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de las Casas (Sbordoniet aI., 1977:53-54)+Cueva Clara, Finca San Nicolas, San Cristobal de lasCasas, 2330 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de las Casas(Sbordoni et aI., 1977:59-61, 60m)+Cueva del Coyote, Rancho Nuevo, San Cristobal delas Casas, 2520 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de lasCasas (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:61-62, 62m)+Cueva de la Cruz Belen, Finca San Antonio de Padua,Comitan de Dominguez, 2210 m, Mpo. de Comitande Dominguez (Sbordoni et aI., 1974:39m, 40-41)Salida de Cruz Pilal, Cruz Pilal, 14 km NNE Tenejapa,Mpo. de Tenejapa (Boon, 1974:11, 12m; Pace,1977:7-8, 9m, 10)Entrance D, Rio Quinta Valley-see Cueva de laCanada n. I+Cueva Encantada, San Cristobal de las Casas, 2300 m,Mpo. de San Cristobal de las Casas (Sbordoni et aI.,1977:54m, 55)+*Cueva de las Florecillas, Colonia San Francisco, Comitande Dominguez, 2265 m, Mpo. de Comit:inde Dominguez (Sbordoni et aI., 1974:36m, 40)Huistan Resurll:ence-see Cueva Mapachero"Cueva de Los Llanos, 15 km ESE San Cristobal de lasCasas, 2295 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de las CasasCueva Mapachero, 3 km N HUistan, Mpo. de Huistan(Larson, 1975:28, 29m, 30)"Cueva de los Murcielagos, 15 km ESE San Cristobalde las Casas, 2295 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de lasCasas+Cueva Obscura, Finca San Nicolas, San Cristobal delas Casas, 2300 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de lasCasas (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:58-59, 59m)+Cueva del Panteon, 2 km WNW Teopisca, 1820 m,Mpo. de Teopisca (Sbordoni et al., 1974:26-28,27m)+*Cueva de la Planta n. I, Las 'Piedrecitas, 6.5 km NSan Cristobal de las Casas, 2180 m, Mpo. de SanCristobal de las Casas (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:55-56)+~·Cueva de la Planta n. 2, Las Piedrecitas, 6.5 km NSan Cristobal de las Casas, 2180 m, Mpo. de SanCristobal de las Casas (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:56)+"Cueva de la Planta n. 3, Las Piedrecitas, 6.5 km NSan Cristobal de las Casas, 2180 m, Mpo. de SanCristobal de las Casas (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:57)Risorgenza de la Planta n. 3-see Cueva de la Plantan.3"Grutas de Rancho Nuevo, 10 km SE San Cristobal delas Casas, 2275 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal de lasCasas (Thompson, 1972:10, 17m; Sbordoni et al.,1974:33-35, map; Shawcross, 1978: 3-4)+Cueva del Rayo de San Felipe, 3.8 km W San Cristobalde las Casas, 2190 m, Mpo. de San Cristobal delas Casas (Sbordoni et aI., 1974:35)+Cueva del Rayo de San Francisco, 4 km from ColoniaSan Francisco, Comitan de Dominguez, 2250 m,Mpo. de Comifan de Dominguez (Sbordoni et aI.,1974:38, 39m, 40)+Cueva de Saclamanton n. 1, Saclamanton, 4 km at100° from San Juan Chamula, 2430 m, Mpo. deSan Juan Chamula (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:48m, 5253)+Cueva de Saclamanton n. 2, Saclamanton, 4 km at100° from San Juan Chamula, 2430 m, Mpo. deSan Juan Chamula (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:53)+Cueva de Saclamanton n. 3, Saclamanton, 4 km at100° from San Juan Chamula, 2430 m, Mpo. deSan JUafl Chamula (Sbordoni et aI., 1977:48m, 53)+Cueva Chica de San Agostin, Rancho de San Agostin,52 km from San Cristobal de las Casas on road toComitan de Dominguez, 2380 m, Mpo. de Comitande Dominguez (Sbordoni et al., 1974:31m, 37)+Cueva Grande de San Agostin, Rancho de San Agostin,51.7 km from San Cristobal de las Casas onroad to Comitan de Dominguez, 2320 m, Mpo. deComitan de Dominguez (Sbordoni et aI., 1974:31m, 38)+Sotano de San Agostin, Rancho de San Agostin, 51.7km from San Cristobal de las Casas on road toComitan de Dominguez, 2320 m (Comitan deDominguez)(Sbordoni et aI., 1974:31m, 38)Pozzo San Agostino-Sotano de San AgostinGruta de San Cristobal-see Grutas de Rancho NuevoChen Sibilmut, 4 km N Huistan, Mpo. de Huistan(Donavan, 1975: 21-22,23 m, 25-27)Chen Senvilmut-see Chen SibilmutChen Ven Sil Mut-see Chen Sibilmut+Cueva de Teopisca, 4.5 km SSW Teopisca, 1700 m,Mpo. de Teopisca (Villa R., 1967:242)tCueva de Tulanca n. 1, 2 km W Rancho de Tulanca,44 km SE San Cristobal de las Casas, 2200 m, Mpo.de Amatenango (Sbordoni et aI., 1974: 35-36,36m)291
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
Page 8:
. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
Page 12 and 13:
collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
Page 14 and 15:
C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
Page 16 and 17:
springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
Page 18 and 19:
Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
Page 20 and 21:
Those species of troglobite which h
Page 22 and 23:
Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
Page 25 and 26:
CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
Page 27 and 28:
Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
Page 29 and 30:
y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
Page 31 and 32:
Although a few caves in the Norther
Page 33 and 34:
an elevation of about 900 meters. T
Page 35 and 36:
the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
Page 37 and 38:
has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
Page 39 and 40:
only apparent troglophile is the ps
Page 41 and 42:
The cave fauna of this region is ri
Page 43 and 44:
igneous rock immediately east of th
Page 45 and 46:
Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
Page 47 and 48:
caves studied are many large stream
Page 49 and 50:
unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
Page 54 and 55:
troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
Page 56 and 57:
Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
Page 58 and 59:
of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
Page 60 and 61:
The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
Page 64 and 65:
Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
Page 94 and 95:
30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
Page 98 and 99:
the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
Page 102 and 103:
Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
Page 110 and 111:
164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
Page 119 and 120:
philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
Page 127 and 128:
Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132:
Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
Page 133 and 134:
Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
Page 135 and 136:
Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
Page 139 and 140:
Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142:
een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
Page 146 and 147:
actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
Page 150 and 151:
and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153:
estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
Page 154 and 155:
maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
Page 160 and 161:
the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
Page 172 and 173:
Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
Page 176 and 177:
only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
Page 180 and 181:
Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
Page 182 and 183:
Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
Page 184 and 185:
Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
Page 186 and 187:
Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
Page 188 and 189:
the genus Synoptura and removed the
Page 190 and 191:
known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
Page 196 and 197:
Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
Page 198 and 199:
appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
Page 202 and 203:
Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
Page 204 and 205:
Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
Page 206 and 207:
Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
Page 208 and 209:
Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
Page 218 and 219:
Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
Page 226 and 227:
Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
Page 228 and 229:
Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
Page 230 and 231:
Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
Page 232 and 233:
Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
Page 234 and 235:
Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
Page 236 and 237:
(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
Page 238 and 239:
epresented by many species. Tenebri
Page 240 and 241:
Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
Page 242 and 243:
genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
Page 244 and 245:
Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
Page 246 and 247: 263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
Page 248 and 249: Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
Page 250 and 251: Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
Page 252 and 253: TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
Page 254 and 255: Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
Page 256 and 257: Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
Page 258 and 259: sity of bats in the tropics. In add
Page 260 and 261: Three species of short-tailed bats
Page 262 and 263: abundant in the entrance area of Cu
Page 264 and 265: Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
Page 266 and 267: Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269: Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
Page 270 and 271: Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273: Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
Page 274 and 275: Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
Page 276 and 277: Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
Page 278 and 279: Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
Page 280 and 281: McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
Page 282 and 283: Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
Page 284 and 285: Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
Page 286 and 287: Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
Page 288 and 289: Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
Page 290 and 291: Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
Page 292 and 293: Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
Page 294 and 295: Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
Page 298 and 299: Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
Page 300 and 301: Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
Page 302 and 303: +Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
Page 304 and 305: *Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
Page 306 and 307: *Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
Page 308: Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
Page 311 and 312: Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
Page 313 and 314: +*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
Page 315 and 316: *Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
Page 317 and 318: *Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
Page 319 and 320: Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
Page 321 and 322: and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
Page 323 and 324: *Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
Page 325 and 326: Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
Page 327 and 328: Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
Page 329 and 330: SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
Page 331 and 332: Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
Page 333: mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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