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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos, Valles, SanLuis Potosi, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from caves in theSierra de El Abra, San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas.See Fig. 45.Records.-San Luis Potosi: Cueva de Los Sabinos,Cueva de Taninul n. 1, and Satano del Tigre; Tamaulipas:Cueva de la Florida, Grutas de Quintero, andSatano de El Venadito.New record.-Tamaulipas: Cueva de Diamante(det. W. J. Gertsch).Discussion.-This large species possesses attenuateappendages and is a probable troglobite. Unlike itscompanion species in some of these caves, C. pelaezi,it has never been collected from the surface despiteintensive collecting throughout the Sierra de El Abra.Brignoli (1974c) places it with a group of speciesadapted for cave existence but refrains from designatingany as troglobites. Cryptocellus osorioi is usuallyrare, but in Satano del Tigre it is present in enormousnumbers. In this cave it was found living onguano in an extremely humid, warm passage severalhundred meters long. In Cueva de la Florida it inhabitsparts of the cave not utilized by C. pelaezi andis only rarely seen.l"-J"------·-o,r '\......r-.' "\\\.,,,\r-"-Al.., "\ \" c. "\1'-'- .......-.("""'\.r,--_',.88••s""\,8., 8/\/IIII'2_6•'---L.__._,-" U',·I IiI"\.._1 .9 I'-i.... " i7 , .., I..7. ' Iri\/)iII:IGUATEMALAFig. 45.-Distribution of troglobitic and troglophilic species of the order Ricinulei: 1, Cryptocellus reddelli: 2, C. mitchelli:3, C. osorioi and C. pelaezi: 4, C. osorioi: 5, C. boneti: 6, C. sbordonii: 7, C. bolivari: 8, C. pearsei: 9, C. cookei.158
Cryptocellus reddelli GertschCryptocellus new species: Reddell, 1967f:99-100.Cryptocellus sp.: Reddell, 1971b:34 (Cueva de losRiscos record only).Cryptocellus reddelli Gertsch, 1971b: 127, 130, 132,fig. 8-12; Cooke and Shadab, 1973:6; Reddell,1973a:34, 39; Reddell, 1973c:53; Brignoli,1974c:160, 167, 168, 169; [\-larquez and Conconi,1974:81, 82, 83, fig. 20; Dumitresco andJuvara-Bals, 1976:173; Reddell, 1977a:90.Type-locality.-Cueva de los Riscos, Sierra de laIndia, four miles south of Mapimi, Durango, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 45.Discussion.-This is the only unquestionable troglobitein the order. The extreme elongation of appendages,paleness, and habitat within the cave all pointto a degree of cave adaptation not found among otherricinuleids. The species has been taken only from thecomplex of small rooms at the limit of exploration inthe cave. The few specimens which have been foundwere taken from clay or moist rock. The only otherspecies of ricinuleid known from the desert regionsof Mexico is C. mitchelli from Cueva del Guano,Durango. It is a typical guanophile and is relativelyabundant on guano in the inner rooms of this largebat cave.Cryptocellus sbordonii BrignoliCryptocellus sbordonii Brignoli, 1974c: 159-160, 164,167, 169, fig. lB, 3; Sbordoni et aI., 1974:30,45,pI. 4(10) (nomen nudum).Cryptocellus prope sbordonii: Brignoli, 1974c:155,160, 162, fig. 10; Sbordoni et aI., 1974:29; Dumitrescoand Juvara-Bals, 1976:163, 164, 178.Type-Iocality.-Cueva de las Canicas, Rancho delCielito, Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-localityand possibly one other cave at Rancho del Cielito,Chiapas. See Fig. 45.Records.-Chiapas: Cueva de las Can leas and?Cueva del Cerro Brujo.Discussion.-The holotype is a male, whereas thesingle specimen known from Cueva de Cerro Brujois a female; they are probably conspecific. This specieshas the most elongate legs in the genus and is,therefore, presumed to be a troglobite.Order OpilionidaThe order Opilionida includes a total of 50 specieswhich have been reported from the caves of the areaTable 16.-Summary of cave inhabiting Opilionida.TroglobitesOther SpeciesCyphophthalmiSironidae 1 0LaniatoresCosmetidae 0 7Phalangodidae 13 25PalpatoresNemastomatidae 1 0Phalangiidae 0 3Total 15 35under consideration. Many groups of opilionids havenot yet been studied, so this list will eventually bemuch longer. In particular, many species of thefamily Phalangiidae remain to be identified. SeeTable 16.Suborder CyphophthalmiFamily SironidaeNeogovea mexasca ShearNeogovea mexasca Shear, 1977b:165, 166, 167, 168,172-175, fig. 16-24.Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio SanAntonio, 10 km SSW of Acatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from two caves nearAcatlan, Oaxaca. See Fig. 46.New record.-Oaxaca: Cueva de la Finca (det.W. A. Shear).Discussion.-This species, the only troglobiticcyphophthalmid known in the Western Hemisphere,is the only species of the suborder known betweenFlorida and Guyana. The genus Neogovea includesthree other species, one from Brazil and two fromGuyana. Neogovea mexasca was described from females;the study of recently discovered males mayresult in a new generic assignment, possibly Siro.Other troglobitic cyphophthalmids are known fromSouth Africa and central Europe. The type specimenswere found on bat guano deposited on red clay approximately2 km from the entrance to the cave.Specimens collected in Cueva de la Finca were takenfrom a similar situation about 1 km from the caveentrance. This species has reduced sclerotization andmuch lengthened appendages, and is pale red.Suborder LaniatoresThe suborder Laniatores is well represented in thecaves of Mexico and Belize. Thirteen species of troglobiteand 31 other species are known. The taxonomyof this group is unfortunately in a state of flux. Silhavy(1974, 1977) recognizes the family Stygnopsidaeand places several species of laniatorids in this159
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
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the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
Page 115 and 116: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
Page 117 and 118: the pond which is fed by the cave s
Page 119 and 120: philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
Page 123 and 124: Distribution.-Known only from the t
Page 125 and 126: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
Page 127 and 128: Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
Page 133 and 134: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
Page 135 and 136: Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
Page 143 and 144: Distribution.-Known from two caves
Page 146 and 147: actually a natural cave artificiall
Page 148 and 149: Discussion.-This large species has
Page 150 and 151: and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153: estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
Page 154 and 155: maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
Page 156 and 157: Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
Page 158 and 159: Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
Page 160 and 161: the cave and in general association
Page 162 and 163: DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
Page 166 and 167: family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
Page 168 and 169: n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
Page 170 and 171: Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
Page 172 and 173: Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
Page 174 and 175: Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
Page 176 and 177: only one species. All known epigean
Page 178 and 179: nation must await study, but it is
Page 180 and 181: Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
Page 182 and 183: Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
Page 184 and 185: Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
Page 186 and 187: Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
Page 188 and 189: the genus Synoptura and removed the
Page 190 and 191: known from caves all contain troglo
Page 192 and 193: las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
Page 194 and 195: Discussion.-This species is distinc
Page 196 and 197: Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
Page 198 and 199: appears to be most closely related
Page 200 and 201: this is almost certainly M. russell
Page 202 and 203: Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
Page 204 and 205: Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
Page 206 and 207: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
Page 208 and 209: Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
Page 210 and 211: of small soil inhabiting japygoids
Page 212 and 213: (Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
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Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
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263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
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Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
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Three species of short-tailed bats
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abundant in the entrance area of Cu
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Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
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Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269:
Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
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Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
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Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
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Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
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Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
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Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
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McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
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Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
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Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
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Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
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Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
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Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
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Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
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Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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