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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13-24; Anonymous,1947:128; Cardenas Figueroa, 1950:156;Carreno, 1950:24; Tattersall, 1951:4, 229, 230,232, 233, 234, 265; Villalobos, 1951:213, 215;Banner, 1953:3; Rioja, 1953a:286, 290, 293;Gordan, 1957:340; Delamare Deboutteville, 1960:644,648; Gordon, 1960:299; Nicholas, 1962:168;Rioja, 1962:38, 40; Vandel, 1964:147; Vandel,1965a:1l8; Straskraba, 1969:24; Bacescu andOrghidan, 1971:225, 227; Reddell, 1971b:24;Rioja, 1971:503; Bowman, 1973:19; Bowman,1977b:26, 34; Reddell, 1977b:230, 239, 240,251, 252, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261,262, 263, 266, 267, 268, 269, 273, 277, 279,281,283,285,288,289,290,291,293.Antromysis: Creaser, 1938:159; Pearse, 1938a:13,15; Pearse, 1945:111, 167; Cardenas Figueroa,1950:157; Tattersall, 1951:229-230; Argano,1972b:33.Antromysis coenotensis: Bacescu and Orghidan,1971:228 (erroneous spelling).Antromysis (Antromysis) cenotensis: Bowman, 1977b:27-31,34,36,37, fig. 1-4,8.Anthromysis:spelling).Holthuis, 1977:180, 181 (erroneousGUATEMALAFig. l3.-Distribution of troglobitic species of the order Mysidacea: 1, Spelaeomysis quinterensis; 2, S. olivae and Antro·mysis reddelli; 3, A. cenotensis.104
Type-Iocality.-Balaam Canche <strong>Cave</strong> (=Grotas deBalankanche), three miles east, half mile south ofChichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.Distribution.-Known from many caVf~S and wellsin Quintana Roo and Yucatan. See Fig. 13.Records.-Quintana Roo: Actun Ha, Cenote deJuan Coh, Cenote de Las Ruinas, Cenote de San Martin,and Cenote de Santo Domingo; Yucatan: Well(Hacienda Calcehtok), Well (iron mill at Oxkutzcab),Cenote de las Abejas, Cenote Aka Chen, Grotas deBalankanche, Cenote Calchuhuim, Cenote Calchum,ActUn Chac, Cueva Chac Mol, Cenote Chen Mul, Cenotede la Culebra, Cenote G, Cenote de Hoctun,Cenote de Kankirixche, Actun Kaua, Cueva Luchil,Cenote Nohchen, Cenote de Orizaba, Cueva de Orizaba,Cueva Oxolodt, Cenote del Pochote, Cenote deSambula (Motul), Cenote de San Diego, Cueva de SanIsidro, Cenote de San Jose, Pozo de Santa Elena, Cenotede Sihunchen, Cenote de Sodzil, Grotas de TzabNah, Cueva Xconsacab, Cenote Xkeken, Cenot Xtacabiha,Cenote Yunchen, and Cenote Zaci.Discussion.-This species is most closely related tothe troglobitic A. cubanica Hacescu and Orghidanfrom Cuba and A. peckorum Bowman from Jamaica.Antromysis cenotensis is extremely abundant in almostevery cave containing groundwater in the coastalplain of Yucatilll.Antromysis (Antromysis) reddelli BowmanAntromysis (Antromysis) reddelli Bowman, 1977b:34,35,36,37, fig. 7-8.Type-Iocality.-Cueva de las Maravillas, 6 km SAcatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 13.Discussion.-This species was taken from a rockand silt-floored stream passage in which also werefound the blind shrimp Alpheopsis stygicola, theblind crayfish Procambarus oaxacae reddelli, andundescribed troglobitic catfish of the genus Rhamdia.This species is most closely related to A. peckorum,A. cubanica, and A. cenotensis.Order DecapodaThe order Decapoda is well represented III thecaves of Mexico by both troglophiles and troglobites.A total of 33 species of shrimp, crayfish, and crabhave been found in <strong>Mexican</strong> and Guatemalan caves(see Table 12). Many more species probably awaitdiscovery, especially in the caves of Belize and Guatemala.Table 12.-Summary of cave inhabiting Decapoda.TroglobitesOther SpeciesNatantiaAlpheidae 1 0Atyidae 3 0Palaemonidae 6 3ReptantiaCambaridae 3 9Grapsidae 0 1Pseudothelphusidae 3 4Triehodaetylidae 1 1Total 17 18Suborder NatantiaThe caves of Mexico are particularly rich in troglobiticshrimps with ten described species. This is insharp contrast with the United States where only fourtroglobitic shrimps have been described.Family AlpheidaeAlpheopsis stygicola HobbsAlpheopsis stygicola Hobbs, 1973b:73, 76-77, fig.1-2; Hobbs et al., 1977:6, 8, 11, 12, 16, 24, 52,67,68,69, fig. 31-32; Holthuis, 1977:174.Alpheopsis: Hobbs et al., 1977:5,66-67.Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio SanAntonio, 10 km SSW Acatlan, Oaxaca, lexico.Distribution.-Known only from three caves nearAcatlan, Oaxaca, See Fig. 14.New records.-Oaxaca: Cueva de la Finca andCueva de Las Maravillas.Discussion.-This species is of special interest inbeing the only known subterranean member of thefamily and only the third species of the family to bereported from fresh water. The other freshwater speciesare known from a lake in the Ogooue Basin inGabon and from a stream in the vicinity of Manoka,Cameroon. The genus Alpheopsis is known from marinehabitats throughout much of the world, includingAntigua Island and Puerto Rico. The relationshipsof this species to other members of the genusare obscure and probably cannot be clarified until acomparative study of many poorly described speciesis made (Hobbs, 1973b). The species is unquestionablya marine relict. It is an inhabitant of lakes andpools in the caves in which it has been collected. Onespecimen was disgorged by an undescribed blind catfishof the genus Rhamdia when the fish was preserved.105
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
Page 60 and 61: The principal cavernous fonnation i
Page 62 and 63: ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
Page 64 and 65: Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
Page 66 and 67: The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
Page 68 and 69: oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
Page 70 and 71: described, the genus occurs in cave
Page 72 and 73: large genus with numerous epigean s
Page 74 and 75: milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
Page 76 and 77: Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
Page 78 and 79: Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
Page 80 and 81: any way a part of the true cave fau
Page 82 and 83: they have been washed in with soil
Page 84 and 85: part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
Page 86 and 87: The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
Page 88 and 89: associated with true cave waters. P
Page 90 and 91: Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
Page 92 and 93: tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
Page 94 and 95: 30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
Page 96 and 97: underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
Page 98 and 99: the similarities between the distri
Page 100 and 101: Yucatan but did not identify the sp
Page 102 and 103: Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
Page 104 and 105: It indudes five spccies, of which t
Page 106 and 107: Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
Page 108 and 109: Records.-Campeche: Volc
Page 112 and 113: Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
Page 115 and 116: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
Page 117 and 118: the pond which is fed by the cave s
Page 119 and 120: philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
Page 123 and 124: Distribution.-Known only from the t
Page 125 and 126: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
Page 127 and 128: Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
Page 133 and 134: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
Page 135 and 136: Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
Page 143 and 144: Distribution.-Known from two caves
Page 146 and 147: actually a natural cave artificiall
Page 148 and 149: Discussion.-This large species has
Page 150 and 151: and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153: estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
Page 154 and 155: maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
Page 156 and 157: Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
Page 158 and 159: Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
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Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
Page 240 and 241:
Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
Page 246 and 247:
263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
Page 254 and 255:
Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
Page 260 and 261:
Three species of short-tailed bats
Page 262 and 263:
abundant in the entrance area of Cu
Page 264 and 265:
Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
Page 266 and 267:
Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269:
Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
Page 270 and 271:
Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273:
Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
Page 274 and 275:
Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
Page 276 and 277:
Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
Page 278 and 279:
Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
Page 280 and 281:
McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
Page 282 and 283:
Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
Page 284 and 285:
Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
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Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
Page 288 and 289:
Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
Page 290 and 291:
Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
Page 292 and 293:
Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
Page 294 and 295:
Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
Page 296 and 297:
+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
Page 325 and 326:
Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
Page 327 and 328:
Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
Page 331 and 332:
Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
Page 333:
mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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