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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabiting Insecta.Troglobites Other Species*Collembola 16 21DipluraCampodeidae 5 1Japygidae 0 4Parajapygidae 0 1ArchaeognathaMachilidae 0 1ThysanuraLepismatidae 0 2Nicoletiidae 1 2OdonataAeschnidae 0 1Coenagrionidae 0 6Cordulegastridae 0 1Libellulidae 0 13EphemeropteraBaetidae 0 1Leptophlebiidae 0 2BlattodeaBlaberidae 0 6Blattellidae 1 6Blattidae 0 1Polyphagidae 0 4IsopteraTermitidae 0 1MantodeaMantidae 0 1DermapteraForficulidae 0 2Labiduridae 0 1Labiidae 0 1PlecopteraPerlidae 0 1*Saltatoria 4 37Embioptera 0 1PsocopteraCaeciliidae 0 1Epipsocidae 0 1Liposcelidae 0 1Pachytroctidae 0 1Psocidae 0 1Psyllipsocidae 0 2Troctopsocidae 0 1MallophagaMenoponidae 0 1Philopteridae 0 1*Hemiptera 0 63*Homoptera 2 10MegalopteraCorydalidae 0 1NeuropteraMyrmeleontidae 0 1*Coleoptera 25 246SiphonapteraHystrichopsyllid ae 0 1lschnopsyllidae 0 3Pulicidae 0 3*Diptera 0 97TrichopteraCalamoceratidae 0 1Hydropsychidae 0 1PhilopotamidaePolycentropidae*Lepidoptera*HymenopteraTotalTable 21.-(Continued)Family EntomobryidaeThe best-represented family in this area is the Entomobryidae.Nine species of troglobite have beenidentified, but others doubtless await determination.Cave-adapted forms have been described in the generaCyphoderus, Metasinella, Pseudosinella, and Troglopodetes.These troglobites and related troglophilesare discussed below. At least two species of troglobiticDicranocentruga from caves in Oaxaca andVeracruz are presen tly under study. Mills (1938)reported lsotomus sp., Lepidocyrtus pearsei Mills,and Proisotoma centralis Denis from caves in Yucatan.These are all troglophiles. Bonet (1953a) reportedLepidocyrtus sp. from caves in the Xilitlaregion of San Luis Potosi and Queretaro.Cyphoderus innominatus MillsCyphoderus innominatus Mills, 1938:183, 186, 188,fig. 17-19; Pearse, 1945:174; Delamare Deboutteville,1948a:349, 350, 412; Nicholas, 1962:178;Salmon, 1964:537; Reddell, 1971b:49; Reddell,1977b:234,239,240,268,274,276,289.Type-Iocality.-San Bulha Cenote (=Cenote deSambula), Motul, Yucatan, Mexico.Distribution.-Known from four caves in Yucatan.See Fig. 64.Records.-Yucatan: ActUn Gongora, Cueva MuruztUn,Cenote de Sambula (Motul), and Cueva Segundadel Camino a San Roque.Discussion.-This is a white, eyeless species mostclosely related to the African termitophile C. limboxiphiusBomer.ooooTable 22.-Summary of cave inhabiting Collembola.Troglobites111581653Other SpeciesEntomobryidae 9 5Hypogastruridae 2 3lsotomidae 0 3Neelidae 0 3Oncopoduridae 2 0Onychiuridae 0 3Poduridae 1 3Sminthuridae 2 ITotal 16 2154*For summary by families see Tables 22-29.196
Metasinella falcifera (Mills)Sulcuncus falciferus Mills, 1938:183, 188, 190, fig.25-27; Ahsolon and Kseneman, 1942:22, fig. 20;Pearse, 1945:175; Salmon, 1964:483; Reddell,1971b:49; Massoud and Gruia, 1973:335.Metasinella falcifera: Bonet, 1944a:20, 22, 23; DelamareDeboutteville, 1949:119; Vandel, 1964:200-201; Vandel, 1965a:168; Massoud and Gruia,1973:338, 339; Reddell, 1977b:234, 239, 240,241,270.Sulcuncus: Pearse, 1945:174; Salmon, 1964:131,483.Sulcunus falciferus:spelling).Nicholas, 1962:179 (erroneousType-locaIity.-Sazich Cave (=Acfun Sazich), Calcehtok,Yucatan, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 64.Discussion.-This is a white, eyeless species. Metasinellaalso includes four cavernicole species fromCuba.Pseudosinella bonita ChristiansenPseudosinella bonita Christiansen, 1973: 129-130,131, fig. 1..r._r-....._._.,r .,"'\r-.,r 1·"\/ \\"\(-,~.l-, '\\ \" "'~(., \\ ...-.~_.-MEXICO(/GUATEMALA.;5 ///.r\r ,......;Fig. 64.-Distribution of troglobitic and troglophilic collembolans of the families Entomobryidae and lsotomidae: 1, Pseudosinellaviolenta; 2, P. reddelli; 3, P. reddelli and P. petrustrinatii; 4, P. petrustrinatii; 5, P. finca; 6, P. bonita; 7, Cyphoderusinnominatus and Troglopedetes maya; 8, Metasinella falcifera; 9, Proisotoma centralis.197
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A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
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the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
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philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
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Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
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een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
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actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153: estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
Page 154 and 155: maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
Page 156 and 157: Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
Page 158 and 159: Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
Page 160 and 161: the cave and in general association
Page 162 and 163: DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
Page 164 and 165: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
Page 166 and 167: family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
Page 168 and 169: n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
Page 170 and 171: Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
Page 172 and 173: Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
Page 174 and 175: Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
Page 176 and 177: only one species. All known epigean
Page 178 and 179: nation must await study, but it is
Page 180 and 181: Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
Page 182 and 183: Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
Page 184 and 185: Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
Page 186 and 187: Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
Page 188 and 189: the genus Synoptura and removed the
Page 190 and 191: known from caves all contain troglo
Page 192 and 193: las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
Page 194 and 195: Discussion.-This species is distinc
Page 196 and 197: Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
Page 198 and 199: appears to be most closely related
Page 200 and 201: this is almost certainly M. russell
Page 204 and 205: Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
Page 206 and 207: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
Page 208 and 209: Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
Page 210 and 211: of small soil inhabiting japygoids
Page 212 and 213: (Linnaeus) has been collected from
Page 214 and 215: Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
Page 216 and 217: the most poorly known species in th
Page 218 and 219: Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
Page 220 and 221: citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
Page 222 and 223: een found in caves and mines in Yuc
Page 224 and 225: ground dwelling habit, many beetles
Page 226 and 227: Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
Page 228 and 229: Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
Page 230 and 231: Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
Page 232 and 233: Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
Page 234 and 235: Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
Page 236 and 237: (A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
Page 238 and 239: epresented by many species. Tenebri
Page 240 and 241: Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
Page 242 and 243: genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
Page 244 and 245: Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
Page 246 and 247: 263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
Page 248 and 249: Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
Page 250 and 251: Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
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Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
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Three species of short-tailed bats
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abundant in the entrance area of Cu
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Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
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Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
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Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
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Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
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Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
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Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
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Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
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Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
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McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
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Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
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Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
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Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
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Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
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Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
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Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
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Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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