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Wheeler (1938) has reported the presence in cavesin Yucatan of three species that at various times havebeen reported as troglobites. Erebomyrma urichi(Wheeler) was originally described from a cave onTrinidad and is known also from Cenote de Sambula(Motul), Yucatan. It is a pale species now known alsofrom endogean localities. Two other species areknown only from caves in the Yucatan Peninsula:Brachymyrmex cavernicola Wheeler from Grutas deBalankanche, Yucatan; and Paratrechina pearsei(Wheeler) from caves in Campeche, Quintana Roo,and Yucatan. Both of these species are pale yellowwith minute eyes. The latter species has been foundto occur only in darkness and is frequently takenfrom moist flowstone in the most remote parts ofthe caves. Wilson (1962) has discussed the ecologicstatus of these species and has convincingly arguedthe case against the existence of troglobitic ants.Family PompilidaeTwo genera of the spider wasps of the familyPompilidae have been collected from caves in Yucatan.Auplopus sp. was collected from Actun Chukum.Pepsis sp. was taken from total darkness in Cueva deAguacate while it was in battle with a theraphosidtarantula. The same genus was found in total darknessin ActUn Kaua, where the wasps flew at thecollectors, apparently attracted by their lights.Family VespidaeThe vespid wasp Polybia diguetana Buysson wascollected from nests in the entrance areas of Cenotede Ek Bis, Campeche, and Actun Kaua, Yucatan.Phylum ChordataClass TeleosteiThe blind fish of the caves of Mexico have excitedgreater interest than any other group of animals to befound in the caves of North America. The genusAstyanax is certainly the best studied of all cavernicoles.In addition to the five species of troglobiticfish discussed in detail below, 16 other species offish have been recorded from Mexican caves (seeTable 31). Some of these are troglophiles, whileothers are probably accidentals or trogloxenes.Order CypriniforrnesFamily CharacidaeAstyanax jordani (Hubbs and Innes)Anoptichthys jordani Hubbs and Innes, 1936:5-7,pI. 1; Hykes, 1937:108-109; Innes, 1937:200-202; Jordan, 1937:203-204; Greenberg, 1938:80;Hubbs, 1938:261, 264, 271, 275; Bridges, 1940:74-97, map; De Buen, 1940:8; Gresser and Breder,1940:113-116, pI. 1-3; Breder and Gresser, 1941b:123-130, fig. 1-2, pI. 1-4; Anonymous, 1942a:221;Breder, 1942:7, 11-14, fig. 2, 5; Osorio Tafall,1942:206;Walls, 1942:210, 387; Breder, 1943a:2630; Breder, 1943b:82; Breder, 1943c:168-176;Breder and Rasquin, 1943:169-200, fig. 1-9, pI.1-3; Bridges, 1943:82-90; Hubbs, 1943: 121; OsorioTafall, 1943:44, 55, 57-67, 68, 69; Anonymous,1945:70; Barbour, 1945a:77;Barbour, 1945b:189;Benn, 1945:12; Breder, 1945:95·100, fig. 1-2, pI.1; Alvarez,l946:263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 270, 271,272,273,274-275,276,280,281, fig. 2-8; De Buen,1946:127; Jordan, 1946:198; Pavan, 1946:358;Rasquin, 1946:578-579; Alvarez, 1947:219; Brederand Rasquin, 1947a:323-351, fig. 1-9; Brederand Rasquin, 1947b:29-33; Nigrelli, 1947:105,108, pI. \11(fig. 38); Rasquin, 1945:35-42, fig. 1,pI. 1; Schlagel and Breder, 1947:17-27, fig. 2;Allee et al., 1949:612, 674, 675, fig. 247B-C;Rasquin, 1949a:499-531, fig. 4-5, 7, pI. 20-21,23; Rasquin, 1949b:131, 133; Alvarez, 1950:Table 30.-Summary of cave inhabiting Chordata.TroglobitesOther Species*Teleostei 5 16AmphibiaUrodelaAmbystomatidae 0 1Plethodontidae 0 9AnuraBufonidae 0 4Hylidae 0 6Leptodactylidae 0 17Ranidae 0 1Rhynophrynidae 0 1ReptiliaCheloniaKinostemidae 0 3SquamataBoidae 0 1Colubridae 0 5Crotalidae 0 2Gekkonidae 0 219uanidae 0 5Teiidae 0 1Xanthusiidae 0 3AvesFalconifonnesCathartidae 0 1PsittacifonnesPsittacidae 0 2PodicipitifonnesPodicipitidae 0 1238
Table 30.-(Continued)Troglobites Other SpeciesStrigiformesStrigidae 0 1Tytonidae 0 1ApodiformesApodidae 0 2Trochilidae 0 2CoraciifonnesMomitidae 0 2PasseriformesHirundinidae 0 2Troglodytidae 0 1Turdidae 0 2MammaliaMarsupialiaDidelphidae 0 2ChiropteraEmballonuridae 0 5Molossidae 0 7Mormoopidae 0 6Natalidae 0 2Phyllostomatidae 0 33Vespertilionidae 0 19RodentiaCricetidae 0 8Dasyproctidae 0 1Erithizontidae 0 1CarnivoraCanidae 0 1Felidae 0 1Mustelidae 0 1Procyonidae 0 1Total 5 182*For summary by family see Table 31.27-28; Atz, 1950:87, 89-90; Heuts, 1951:223;Ladiges, 1951a:258-260; Ladiges, 1951b:169;Rasquin and Hafter, 1951a:398; Rasquin andHafter, 1951b:163; Meder, 1952:171-174; Bonet,1953b:241; Breder, 1953:180; Luling, 1953a:314-318; Luling, 1953b:62-65; Luling, 1953c:289-299; Rioja, 1953e:l0; Angel, 1954:85-86,foIl. 96; Breder, 1954:13-16, pI. 1; Kauffeld,1954:140-141; Kuhn and Kiihling, 1954:385-398,fig. 1-2; Luling, 1954a:197-203; Luling, 1954b:942; Olivereau and Herlant, 1954:52; Rasquin andRosenbloom, 1954:406; Stefanelli, 1954b:277282, fig. 1-2; Thines, 1954:35-58; Axelrod andVorderwinkler, 1955:61; Bridges, 1955:256-268;Luling, 1955a:138-143, fig. 1-6; Luling, 1955b:401-477; Luling, 1955c:138-143; Quaghebeur,1955:?, Thines, 1955:9,41,68-70, 108-109,115,123; Olivereau and Francotte-Henry, 1955-1956:143; Bonet, 1956b:96; Bonet, 1956c:238; Dear01£, 1956:202, 210; Pfisterer, 1956:11-12; Sadoglu,1956:113-114; Thines, 1956:79; Gordon,1957:466; Hahn, 1957:1-81; John, 1957:129,130; Kiihling, 1957:?; Luling, 1957:145-150;Table 31.-Summary of cave inhabiting Teleostei.TroglobitesOther SpeciesCypriniformesCharacidae 1 1Ictaluridae 1 0Pimelodidae 1 4CyprinodontiformesPoeciliidae 1 4PerciformesBrotulidae 1 0Cichlidae 0 6SynbranchiformesSynbranchidae 1 0Total 5 16Pickford and Atz, 1957:77, 159, 324-325, 327;Quaghebeur, 1957:?; Thines and Kiihling, 1957:150-160; Bertin, 1958b:2661-2662; Cahn, 1958:76-107, pI. 14-15, 22-24, 26-27; Grobbel andHahn, 1958:249-266; Marshall and Thines, 1958:441, 446, 447, 449, 450, 453; Pelz, 1958:172175; Stolk, 1958:382-394; Alvarez, 1959:79;Breder, 1959:423, 424, 425, 426, 436, 437,446,447, fig. 4-6; Frank, 1960:39-41; Hahn, 1960:611-612; Humbach, 1960a:1-88; Humbach,1960b:551-552; Kosswig, 1960a:24; Kuhn, 1960:481-483; Strotkoetter, 1960:611-612; Thines,1960:44, 45, 46; Frank, 1961:347-365; Heuts,1961: 196; Kiihling, 1961:439-451; Poulson, 1961:143, 171-174; Axelrod et aI., 1962:C-35.00,F-38.00, F-141.00; Bath, 1962:242,281-285,287,fig. 35-36; Franck, 1962:?; Franck-Krahe, 1962:?;Goettert, 1962:56-58; Goodrick, 1962:10; Gordonand Rosen, 1962:365-366; Luling, 1962:139-145; Nicholas, 1962:165, 184; Tamayo,1962:vol. 1II:260; Bonet, 1963b:95; Burgers et aI.,1963: 189-195; Durand, 1963: 183; Pfeiffer, 1963:112, 116, 117, 123, 125, 128, 131, 132, 139, 141;Poulson, 1963:286, 287, 288; Sterba, 1963:144,145, 146-147, fig. 173; Steven, 1963:219, 221,230; Berra, 1964:12-19; Franck, 1964:96; Kosswig,1964:73-74; Moore and Nicholas, 1965:9495; Vandel, 1964:52,262-264,361,404,405,414,458-459,462,463,466,472,473,476,483,509,570,571, fig. 59; Boucquey et aI., 1965:88,91,92; Brittan and Bohlke, 1965:2; Glaser, 1965:?;Kosswig, 1965:246-250, fig. 9; McKenzie, 1965a:38, 39; Post, 1965:56, 57, 64, 89; Thines et aI.,1965:65, 77, 92, 101, 102; Vandel, 1965a:39,222,223,344,351,387,392,395,401,403,404,409, 429, 483, fig. 59; Breder and Rosen, 1966:155-156; Innes, 1966:161; Peters and Peters, 1966:393-414; Pfeiffer, 1966:97-105; Reed, 1966:7980, 83, 85; Barr, 1967c:486; Greenwood, 1967:239
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
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the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
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philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
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Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
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een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
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actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
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estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
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maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
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Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
Page 194 and 195: Discussion.-This species is distinc
Page 196 and 197: Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
Page 198 and 199: appears to be most closely related
Page 200 and 201: this is almost certainly M. russell
Page 202 and 203: Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
Page 204 and 205: Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
Page 206 and 207: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
Page 208 and 209: Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
Page 210 and 211: of small soil inhabiting japygoids
Page 212 and 213: (Linnaeus) has been collected from
Page 214 and 215: Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
Page 216 and 217: the most poorly known species in th
Page 218 and 219: Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
Page 220 and 221: citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
Page 222 and 223: een found in caves and mines in Yuc
Page 224 and 225: ground dwelling habit, many beetles
Page 226 and 227: Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
Page 228 and 229: Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
Page 230 and 231: Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
Page 232 and 233: Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
Page 234 and 235: Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
Page 236 and 237: (A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
Page 238 and 239: epresented by many species. Tenebri
Page 240 and 241: Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
Page 242 and 243: genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
Page 246 and 247: 263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
Page 248 and 249: Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
Page 250 and 251: Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
Page 252 and 253: TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
Page 254 and 255: Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
Page 256 and 257: Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
Page 258 and 259: sity of bats in the tropics. In add
Page 260 and 261: Three species of short-tailed bats
Page 262 and 263: abundant in the entrance area of Cu
Page 264 and 265: Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
Page 266 and 267: Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269: Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
Page 270 and 271: Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273: Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
Page 274 and 275: Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
Page 276 and 277: Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
Page 278 and 279: Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
Page 280 and 281: McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
Page 282 and 283: Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
Page 284 and 285: Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
Page 286 and 287: Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
Page 288 and 289: Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
Page 290 and 291: Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
Page 292 and 293: Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
Page 294 and 295:
Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
Page 296 and 297:
+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
Page 325 and 326:
Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
Page 327 and 328:
Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
Page 333:
mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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