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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de Santa Elena, Pozode Santa Elena, Cueva Xconsacab, and Actun Xpukil.Discussion.-This is one of three genera of cirolanidscapable of rolling into a ball, one being Sphaerolana(discussed below) and the other Faucheriafrom France. Faucheria and Creaseriella have beencombined into the subfamily Faucheriinae, but thisis probably an artificial grouping. The ability to rollinto a ball has probably evolved more than once inthe cirolanids (Cole and Minckley, 1970). Relationshipto Sphaerola1la is quite remote. Creaseriella is amonotypic genus. Creaseriella anops is usually foundcrawling along the bottom or sides of pools. In atleast one instance it was found clinging to the undersideof a small floating piece of "cave ice" on the surfaceof the pool. When disturbed, this species quicklyrolls into a tight ball and falls to the bottom of thepool.Mexilana saluposi BowmanCirolanidae, undescribed member of: Hobbs andHobbs, 1973:39,41; Hart and Hart, 1974:165.Speocirolana: Magniez, 1973:163 (misidentification).Mexilana saluposi Bowman, 1975:2-6,7, fig. 1-3.Mexila1la: Bowman, 1975:1-2,5,6,7, fig. 4d.Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Huisache, San Luis Potosi,Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 6.Discussion.-This species is the only member ofthe genus Mexilana. It has been found in associationwith an undescribed anthurid isopod of the genusCyathura and with the stenasellid isopods Mexistenasellusparzefalli and M. wilkensi. The fauna of Cuevadel Huisache is very different from that of the nearbySierra de El Abra. Our knowledge of the area inwhich this cave is located is still too poor to allowany speculations as to why the faunas of the two regionsare so unlike.Speocirolana bolivari (Rioja)Cirolana sp.: Rioja, 1951a: 170, 178; Rioja, 1953a:290,291,293.Cirolana, otra especie: Villalobos, 1951:215.Cirola1la (part): Bonet, 1953b:242; Rioja et al.,1961:315.Cirolana (Spaeocirolana) nueva especie: Rioja, 1953a:289 (erroneous spelling).Cirolana (Speocirolana) bolivari Rioja, 1953d:147,148, 149-160, fig. 1-3, 5-8, 10-32, 34; Rioja,1957:455; Nicholas, 1962:170; Rioja, 1962:40;Vandel, 1964:150; Vandel, 1965a:119.Cirolana bolivari: Rioja, 1953e:11, fig. 5; Paclt,1971:424; Rioja, 1971:509; Sbordoni and Argano,1972:9.Speocirolana (part): Bowman, 1964:233,.234; Straskraba,1969:23; Argano, 1972b:33; Bowman,1975:5,6,7, fig. 4c.Speocirolana bolivari: Bowman, 1964:236, fig. 61;Reddell, 1965a:19; Cole and Minckley, 1966: 18,19, 20, 21; Reddell, 1967b:82; Minckley andCole, 1968:3,4; Edwards, 1971:3; Elliott, 1971:1,10, 17, 19,20,27-28,34,37-38,39,40,44, fig.12-13; Hobbs, 1971:3, 46; Reddell, 1971b:21;Reddell and Mitchell, 1971a: 142; Reddell andMitchell, 1971b:183, 184; Elliott, 1973a:31;Elliott and Mitchell, 1973:171, 175, 176, 179,181-182, 184, 185, 186-187, 188, fig. 5; Hobbsand Hobbs, 1973:41; Holt, 1973:4, 13; lVlagniez,1973:163; Reddell and Elliott, 1973a:171, 172;Reddell and Elliott, 1973b:181, 183; Hart andHart, 1974:164.Speocirolano bolivari: Holt, 1973: 11 (erroneousspelling).Blind isopods: Reddell, 1973b:77.Type-Iocality.-Cueva (=Grutas) de Quintero, km560 de la carreterra de Valles al Mante, Tamaulipas,Mexico.Distribution.-Known from one cave each in theSierra de El Abra and Sierra de Guatemala, Tarnaulipas;and the Aquismon region, San Luis Potosi. SeeFig. 6.Records.-Tamaulipas: Bee Cave and Grutas deQuintero.New record.-San Luis PotOSI: Spring at La Laja(det. T. E. Bowman).Discussion.-This species is abundant in Grutas deQuintero, where it cohabits standing pools with S.pelaezi. Although it presumably ranges throughoutthe Sierra de EI Abra, it is obviously very rare. Thegenus Speocirolana is represented only by the threetroglobites listed here and by undescribed speciesfrom near Linares, Nuevo Leon, and San Nicolas, SanLuis Potosi. Elliott and Mitchell (1973) examinedthe temperature preference responses of this speciesand found that it still retains a temperature preferendum.They speculate that the species is the descendantof a marine species which directly colonizedcaves along the front of the Sierra de EI Abra, perhapsas early as the Cretaceous.Speocirolana pelaezi (Bolivar)Cirolanidos: Anonymous, 1942a:221.Cirolana nueva especie: Osorio Tafall, 1942:210;Osorio TafaU, 1943:46,50,51; Rioja, 1953e:ll.86
Cirolana (part): Osorio TafaU, 1946:153; Bonet,1953b:242; Rioja et al., 1961:315.Cirolana pelaezi: Osorio Tafall, 1943:54-55,57,67,69 (nomen nudum); Bonet, 1953b:241; Rioja,1953a:288; Tamayo, 1962:vol. III:260; Vandel,1964:303; Vandel, 1965a:254; Sbordoni and Argano,1972:9.Cirolana (Speocirolana) pelaezi Bolivar, 1950:211,212-216, 217, 218, fig. 1-12; Rioja, 1951a:170,178; Villalobos, 1951:215; Rioja, 1953d:147,148, 149, 151, 152, 159, fig. 4, 9, 33, 35; Rioja,1957:455; Hart, 1962:139; Nicholas, 1962: 170;Rioja, 1962:40; Vandel, 1964:150; Schultz, 1965:101,102; Vandel, 1965a:119; Barrera, 1968:309.Cirolana (Spaeocirolana) pelaezi: Rioja, 1953a:288,289, -290, 291, 293 (erroneous spelling).Conilera stygia Packard: Dearolf, 1953:226 (misidentification)_Speocirolana (part): Bowman, 1964:233-234; Straskraba,1969:23; Argano, 1972b:33; Bowman,1975:5,6,7, fig. 4c.Speocirolana pelaezi: Bowman, 1964:236, fig. 61;Reddell, 1965a:19; Reddell, 1965d:49; Cole andMinckley, 1966:18, 19, 20, 21; Reddell, 1967b:82; Minckley and Cole, 1968:3,4; Elliott, 1971:10; Hobbs, 1971:3, 46; Reddell, 1971b:21; Reddelland Mitchell, 1971a:141-143, fig. 10, 27;Reddell and Mitchell, 1971b: 183; Reddell andMitchell, 1971d:cover; Elliott and Mitchell, 1973:175; Hobbs and Hobbs, 1973:39, 40, 41; Holt,1973:4, 13; Magniez, 1973:163; Mitchell andKawakatsu, 1973a:671; Reddell and Elliott,1973a:171, 172; Reddell and Elliott, 1973b:181,183; Hart and Hart, 1974:164; Fernandez Ruiz,1976:717; Danielpol, 1977:35.Speocirolano pelaezi: Holt, 1973: 11 (erroneous spelling).Type-locality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos, cerca deValles, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.Distribution.-Known from caves in Puebla, SanLuis Potosi, and Tamaulipas. See Fig. 6.Records.-San Luis Potosi: Sotano del Arroyo,Sotano de Coatimundi, Cueva de la Curva, CuevaChica, Cueva de La Lagunita, Sotano de Matapalma,Sotanito de Montecillos, Sotano de Pichijumo, SOtanode las Piedras, Cueva de Los Sabinos, Sotano delTigre, Sotano de la Tinaja, and Sotano de Yerbaniz;Tamaulipas: Cueva de la Florida, Cueva de la Mina,Sotano del Molino, Cueva de EI Pachon, Grutas deQuintero, Cueva de Ojo de Agua de Manantiales, andSotano de Vasquez.New records.-Puebla: Grutas de Atepolihuit; SanLuis Potosi: Cueva del Agua, Cueva de Agua Vendita,Cueva de Berna Be B, Cueva de Las Lagunitas, Springat La Laja, Cueva de la Luz, Small cave near HoyaQuital, and Hoya Quital; Tamaulipas: Cueva del Aguade Simon Salinas and Bee Cave (det. T. E. Bowman).Discussion.-This species is remarkable because ofits great range, occurring in the Sierra de Tamaulipas,Sierra de EI Abra, Sierra de Guatemala, Aquismon region,near Ciudad de Maiz in the Sierra el Pino, and inthe Cuetzalan region. In addition it has an altitudinalrange of at least 1200 meters. It usually inhabits stillpools and lakes floored with silt or guano. It has beentaken in direct association with S. bolivari in Grutasde Quintero, Bee Cave, and the spring at La Laja.Speocirolana thermydronis Cole and MinckleySpeocirolana thermydronis Cole and Minckley, 1966:17-22, fig. 1-21; Minckley and Cole, 1968:2-4;Minckley, 1969:24-25; Cole and Minckley, 1970:71, 80; Holsinger and Minckley, 1971:441; Reddell,1971b:21; Cole and Minckley, 1972:321.Speocirolana: Taylor and Minckley, 1966:21.Speocirolana (part): Straskraba, 1969:23; Argano,1972b:33; Bowman, 1975:5,6, 7, fig. 4c.Type-locality.-Posos de la Becerra, 9.8 miles SSWCuatro Cienegas, Coahuila, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from spring-fed "posos"southwest of Cuatro Cienegas de Carranza, Coahuila.See Fig. 6.Records.-Coahuila: Posos de la Becerra, EI Mojarral,and an unnamed poso (12 km SW Cuatro Cienegas).Discussion.-Speocirolana thermydronis has beentaken from interstices in blocks of porous travertinealong the sides of natural wells (posos). The habitatin which these isopods has been found is well describedby Minckley (1969). Cole and Minckley(1966) speculate that the genus is of pre-Tertiaryorigin; they also discuss the evolution of the genus.Sphaerolana affinis Cole and MinckleyAberrant cirolanid (part): Minckley, 1969:25.Sphaerolana affinis Cole and Minckley, 1970:75-76,78-79, 80, fig. 28-40; Holsinger and Minckley,1971:441; Reddell, 1971b:21; Peck, 1977c:67.Sphaerolana (part): Cole and Minckley, 1970:71-72;Cole and Minckley, 1972:321.Type-locality.-Small poso ca. 20.3 km south and5.5 km east of Cuatro Cienegas de Carranza, Coahuila,Mexico.Distribution.-Known from spring-fed wells nearCuatro Cienegas, Coahuila; and from a flooded minenear Villa Santiago, Nuevo Leon. See Fig. 6.Records.~oahuila: Small poso about 20.3 kmSand 5.5 km E of Cuatro Cienegas; other posos nearCuatro Cienegas; Nuevo Leon: Flooded mine about87
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
Page 41 and 42: The cave fauna of this region is ri
Page 43 and 44: igneous rock immediately east of th
Page 45 and 46: Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
Page 47 and 48: caves studied are many large stream
Page 49 and 50: unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
Page 52 and 53: pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
Page 54 and 55: troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
Page 56 and 57: Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
Page 58 and 59: of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
Page 60 and 61: The principal cavernous fonnation i
Page 62 and 63: ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
Page 64 and 65: Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
Page 66 and 67: The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
Page 68 and 69: oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
Page 70 and 71: described, the genus occurs in cave
Page 72 and 73: large genus with numerous epigean s
Page 74 and 75: milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
Page 76 and 77: Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
Page 78 and 79: Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
Page 80 and 81: any way a part of the true cave fau
Page 82 and 83: they have been washed in with soil
Page 84 and 85: part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
Page 86 and 87: The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
Page 88 and 89: associated with true cave waters. P
Page 90 and 91: Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
Page 94 and 95: 30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
Page 96 and 97: underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
Page 98 and 99: the similarities between the distri
Page 100 and 101: Yucatan but did not identify the sp
Page 102 and 103: Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
Page 104 and 105: It indudes five spccies, of which t
Page 106 and 107: Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
Page 108 and 109: Records.-Campeche: Volc
Page 110 and 111: 164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
Page 112 and 113: Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
Page 115 and 116: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
Page 117 and 118: the pond which is fed by the cave s
Page 119 and 120: philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
Page 123 and 124: Distribution.-Known only from the t
Page 125 and 126: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
Page 127 and 128: Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
Page 133 and 134: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
Page 135 and 136: Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
Page 143 and 144:
Distribution.-Known from two caves
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actually a natural cave artificiall
Page 148 and 149:
Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
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estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
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maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
Page 172 and 173:
Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
Page 176 and 177:
only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
Page 184 and 185:
Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
Page 202 and 203:
Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
Page 208 and 209:
Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
Page 218 and 219:
Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
Page 240 and 241:
Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
Page 242 and 243:
genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
Page 244 and 245:
Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
Page 246 and 247:
263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
Page 250 and 251:
Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
Page 252 and 253:
TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
Page 254 and 255:
Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
Page 256 and 257:
Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
Page 258 and 259:
sity of bats in the tropics. In add
Page 260 and 261:
Three species of short-tailed bats
Page 262 and 263:
abundant in the entrance area of Cu
Page 264 and 265:
Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
Page 266 and 267:
Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269:
Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
Page 270 and 271:
Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273:
Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
Page 274 and 275:
Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
Page 276 and 277:
Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
Page 278 and 279:
Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
Page 280 and 281:
McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
Page 282 and 283:
Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
Page 284 and 285:
Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
Page 286 and 287:
Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
Page 288 and 289:
Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
Page 290 and 291:
Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
Page 292 and 293:
Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
Page 294 and 295:
Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
Page 296 and 297:
+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
Page 298 and 299:
Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
Page 300 and 301:
Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
Page 302 and 303:
+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
Page 304 and 305:
*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
Page 306 and 307:
*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
Page 311 and 312:
Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
Page 313 and 314:
+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
Page 315 and 316:
*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
Page 317 and 318:
*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
Page 319 and 320:
Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
Page 321 and 322:
and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
Page 323 and 324:
*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
Page 325 and 326:
Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
Page 327 and 328:
Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
Page 329 and 330:
SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
Page 331 and 332:
Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
Page 333:
mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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