McKenzie, D. 1965a. <strong>Cave</strong>s of the Sierra de El Abra. Part III.Tamuin and EI Pujal, S. L. P. Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong> Stud.News., 1:34-41, 2 maps.McKenzie, D. 1965b. Trip report: 19-25 January 1965.Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong> Stud. News., 1:23-27, map.McKenzie, D., and B. Russell. 1965. <strong>Cave</strong>s of the Sierra de ElAbra. Part II. Los Sabinos, S. L. P. Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong>Stud. News., 1:28-33, map.Magniez, G. 1972. Deux Stenasellidae cavernicoles nouveauxde l'Amerique centrale: Mexistenasellus parzefalli n. sp. etMexistenasellus wilkensi n. sp. (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota).Internat!. J. Speleo!., 4:19-31.Magniez, G. 1973. Description du male de Mexistenasellusparzefalli (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota cavernicole duMexique) et observations sur cette espece. Internatl. J.Speleol., 5 :163-170.Magniez, G. 1974a. Donnees faunistiques et ecologiques surles Stenasellidae (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota des eauxsouterraines). Internatl. J. Speleol., 6:1-80.Magniez, G. 1974b. Observations sur Stenasellus virei dans sesbiotopes naturels (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota des eauxsouterraines). Internatl. J. Speleol., 6: 115-171.Magniez, G. 1979. Les stenasellides de France (Crustaceslsopodes Asellotes souterrains): Faune ancienne et peuplementsrecents. Bull. Soc. ZooI. France, 103:255-262.Malaga Alba, A., and B. Villa R. 1957. Algunas notas acercade la distribucion de los murcielagos de America delNorte relacionados con el problema de la rabia. Anal. Inst.BioI., Mexico, 27:529-569.Maldonado.Koerdell, M., ed. 1956. Estratigrafia del CenOzoicoy del Mesozoico a 10 largo de la carretera entreReynosa, Tamps. y Mexico, D. F. Tectonica de la SierraMadre Oriental. Vulcanismo en el Valle de Mexico. Congr.Geol. Internac., 20th Sesion, Excursiones A-14 y C-6.325 pp., 15 figs., 9 tables.Maldonado-Koerdell, M.1964. Geohistory and paleogeog.raphy of Middle America. Pp. 3-32 in R. C. West, ed.,Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume One:Natural environment and early cultures. Austin: Univ.Texas Press.Mannix, D. P. 1947. Monsters in minature. Collier's, 119(Jan. 11. 1947):26-28,59.Marden, L. 1959. Dzibilchaltun: Up from the well of time.Natl. Geogr. Mag., 115:110-129.Marquez Mayaudon, C., and J. Ramos Elorduy de Conconi.1974. Un nuevo ricinulideo del genero Cryptocellus Westwoodpara la fauna de Mexico (Arthropoda, Arachnida).J. Arachnol., 1:73-84.Marshall, N. B., and G. L. Thines. 1958. <strong>Studies</strong> of the brain,sense organs and light sensitivity of a blind cave fish(Typhlogarra widdowsoni) from Iraq. Proc. Zool. Soc.London.. 131:441-456, pI.Marshall, R. 1936. Hydracarina from Yucatan. Carnegie Inst.Washington Publ., 457:133-137.Martin, M., and P. S. Martin. 1954. Notes on the capture oftropical bats at Cuevo el Pachon, Tamaulipas, Mexico.J. Mammal., 35:584-585.Martin, P. S. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibiansin the Gomez Farias region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Mus.Zool., Univ. Michigan, Misc. Publ., 101. 102 pp., 7 pIs.Martin, P. S., C. R. Robins, and W. B. Heed. 1954. Birds andbiogeography of the Sierra de Tamaulipas, an isolatedpine-oak habitat. Wilson Bull., 66:38-57.Martinez, L. 1941. Tercera contribucion acerca de la hemato·metria de los murcielagos mexicanos. Anal. Inst. BioI.,Mexico, 12:1-5.Martinez, L., and B. Villa R. 1940. Segunda contribucion alconocimiento de los murcielagos mexicanos. ll.-Estadode Guerrero. Anal. Inst. BioI., Mexico, 11:291-361.Martinez del Rio, P. 1956. Investigaciones anteriores y extensionde la cultura. Pp. 16-24 in L. Aveleyra Arroyo deAnda, M. Maldonado.Koerdell, and P. Martinez del Rio,Cueva de la Candelaria, Volume 1. Mem. Inst. Nac. Antro·pol. Hist., Mexico, 5.Massoud, Z., and M. Gruia. 1973. Collemboles Arthropleonesde Cuba recoltes en 1969 par la mission cubano·roumaine.Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques Cubano.Roumaines aCuba, 1: 327·343.Mateu, J. 1977. Sobre algunos linajes de carabidos borco.montanos de Mexico y sus relaciones con el poblamientoentomologico del Sistema Volcanico Transversal. Rev.Soc. <strong>Mexican</strong>a Hist. Nat., 35:181-224.Mateu, J. 1978. Speleodesmoides rave/oi, nuevo genero yespecie de carahido troglobio en una cueva de Venezuela(Coleoptera: Carabidae). Bol. Soc. Venezolana Espeleol.,9(17):21·28.Mattheij, J. A. M. 1968a. The ACTH cells in the adenohypophysisof the <strong>Mexican</strong> cave fish Anoptichthys jordani,as identified by metopirone (SU 4885) treatment.Z. Zell<strong>for</strong>sch., 92:588·595.Mattheij,.T. A. M. 1968b. The cell types in the adenohypophysisof the blind <strong>Mexican</strong> cave fish, Anoptichthys jordani(Hubbs and Innes). Z. Zell<strong>for</strong>sch., 90:542·553.Mattheij, J. A. M. 1969. The thyrotropin secreting basophilsin the adenohypophysis of Anoptichthys jordani. Z.Zell<strong>for</strong>sch., 101:588·597.Mattheij, J. A. M. 1970a. The function of the basophilic cellsin the meso-adenohypophysis of the blind <strong>Mexican</strong> cavefish Anoptichthys jordani. (Abstr.). J. Endocrinol., 48:lxix.Mattheij, J. A. M. 1970b. The gonadotropic cells in theadenohypophysis of the blind <strong>Mexican</strong> cave fish, Anoptichthysjordani. Z. Zell<strong>for</strong>sch., 105 :91·106.Mattheij, J. A. M., and J. A. P. Sprangers. 1969. The site ofprolactin secretion in the adenohypophysis of the steno·haline teleost Anoptichthys jordani, and the effects ofthis hormone on mucous cells. Z. Zell<strong>for</strong>sch., 99:411-419.Mattheij, J. A. M., J. A. P. Sprangers, and P. G. W. J. vanOordt. 1969. The site of prolactin synthesis in the pituitarygland of Anoptichthys jordani and the influence ofthis hormone on mucous cells. (Abstr.). Gen. CompoEndocrinol., 13:519·520.Mattheij, J. A. M., and P. G. W. J. van Oordt. 1967. The celltypes in the adenohypophysis of the blind <strong>Mexican</strong> cavefish Anoptichthys jordani. (Abstr.). Gen. Compo Endocrinol.,9:472.Mautz, W. J., and W. Lopez-Forment. 1978. Observations onthe activity and diet of the cavernicolous lizard Lepidophymasmithii (Sauria: Xantusiidae). Herpetologica,34:311-313.Mazzotti, L. 1940. Ornithodoros coprophilus Mc.Intosh, enel estado de Chiapas, Mexico. Ciencia, Mexico, 1:405-406.Mazzotti, L. 1941. Ornithodoros dyeri en Mexico. Medicina,21:313·314.Meder, E. 1952. Uber den blinden Hohlenfisch Anoptichthysjordani Hubbs & Innes. Aus der Arbeitsgemeinschaft:Naturziichtung im VDA. Die Aqu. U. Terr. Z., 5:171-174.Mees, G. F. 1962. The subterranean freshwater fauna ofYardie Creek Station, North West Cape, Western Australia.J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia, 45 :24·32.274
Mercer, H. C. 1896. The hill-caves of Yucatan. Philadelphia:J. B. Lippincott Co. 183 pp.Migdalski, E. C., and G. S. Fichter. 1976. The fresh & saltwater fishes of the world. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.316 pp.Mills, H. B. 1938. Collembola from Yucatan caves. CarnegieInst. Washington Pub!., 491:183-190.Minckley, W. L. 1969. Environments of the Bolson of CuatroCienegas, Coahuila, Mexico, with special reference to theaquatic biota. Univ. Texas at EI Paso Sci. Ser., 2.65 pp.Minckley, W. L., and G. A. Cole. 1968. Speocirolana thermydronis(Crustacea: Isopoda) from northeast Mexico, rediscovery,habitat, and supplemental description. TulaneStud. Zool. Bot., 15:2-4.Minton, M. 1978. The Diamante Story. Four years under theEI Abra. Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong> Stud. Activities News.,8:6-15, map.Mitchell, H. A. 1965. Investigations of the cave atmosphereof a <strong>Mexican</strong> bat colony. J. Mamma!., 45:568-577.Mitchell, R. W. 1968. Typhlochactas, a new genus of eyelesscave scorpion from Mexico (Scorpionida, Chactidae).Ann. Speleol., 23:753-777,1 pI.Mitchell, R. W. 1969a. A comparison of temperate and tropicalcave communities. Southwestern Nat., 14:73-88.Mitchell, R. W. 1969b. The cover illustration, Cryptocellusosorioi, (Arachnida; Ricinulei). Southwestern Nat., 14:136-138.Mitchell, R. W. 1969c. La region de la Sierra de El Abra. Mapand Letter. Privately printed.Mitchell, R. W. 1970a. Population size and dispersion andspecies associations of a <strong>Mexican</strong> cavernicole ricinuleid(Arachn.). Ciencia, Mexico, 27:63-74.Mitchell, R. W. 1970b. Total number and density estimatesof some species of cavernicoles inhabiting Fern <strong>Cave</strong>,Texas. Ann. SpeIeo!., 25 :73-90.Mitchell, R. W. 1971a. Egg and young guarding by a <strong>Mexican</strong>cave-dwelling harvestman, Hoplobunus boneti (Arachnida).Southwestern Nat., 15 :392-394.Mitchell, R. W. 1971b. Typhlochactas elliotti, a new eyelesseave scorpion from Mexico (Scorpionida, Chactidae).Ann. Speleol., 26:135-148.Mitchell, R. W. 1973. Introgression between the <strong>Mexican</strong>eyeless characin fishes and their epigean ancestor. (Abstr.).P. 146 in V. Panos, ed., International Speleology 1973.Abstracts of papers. 6th Internatl. Congr. Speleol., 010moue, Czechoslovakia.Mitchell, R. W. 1975. Distributional studies of the <strong>Mexican</strong>eyeless characin fishes. American Phil. Soc. Year Book,1974:360-361.Mitchell, R. W. 1977. Introgression between the <strong>Mexican</strong> eyelesscharacin fishes and their epigean ancestor, Astyanaxmexicanus. Proc. 6th Internat!. Congr. Speleol., 5:171173.Mitchell, R. W., and J. W. Cooke. 1973. Preliminary morphometriccomparisons of several populations of <strong>Mexican</strong>eyeless characin fishes. (Abstr.). P. 147 in V. Panos, ed.,International Speleology 1973. Abstracts of papers. 6thInternat!' Congr. Speleo!., Olomouc, Czechoslovakia.Mitchell, R. W., and J. W. Cooke. 1977. Preliminary morphometriccomparisons of several populations of <strong>Mexican</strong>eyeless characin fishes of the genus Astyanax. Proc. 6thInternat!. Congr. Speleol., 5:175-178.Mitchell, R. W., and W. R. Elliott. 1973. The cave habitats ofthe <strong>Mexican</strong> eyeless characin fishes. (Abstr.). P.147 in V.Panos, ed., International Speleology 1973. Abstracts ofpapers. 6th Internat!' Congr. Speleo!., Olomouc, Czechoslovakia.Mitchell, R. W., and W. R. Elliott. 1977. The habitats of theeyeless characin fishes of the genus Astyanax. Proc. 6thInternat!' Congr. Speleo!., 5:179·184.Mitchell, R. W., and M. Kawakatsu. 1972. A new family,genus, and species of cave-adapted planarian from Mexico(Turbellaria, Tricladida, Maricola). Occ. Papers Mus.Texas Tech Univ., 8.16 pp.Mitchell, R. W., and M. Kawakatsu. 1973a. Freshwater cavernicoleplanarians from Mexico: New troglobitic and troglophilicDugesin from caves of the Sierra de Guatemala.Ann. Speleol., 27:639-681.Mitchell, R. W., and M. Kawakatsu. 1973b. A new caveadaptedplanarian (Tricladida, Paludicola, Planariidae)from Chiapas, Mexico. Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong> Stud. Bull.,5:165-170.Mitchell, R. W., and S. B. Peck. 1978. Typhlochactas sylvestris,a new eyeless scorpion from montane <strong>for</strong>est litter inMexico (Scorpionida, Chactidae, Typhlochactinae). J.Arachno!., 5: 159-168.Mitchell, R. W., and J. R. Reddell. 1971. The invertebratefauna of Texas caves. Pp. 35-90 in E. L. Lundelius, Jr.,and B. H. Slaughter, eds., Natural history of Texas caves.Dallas: Gulf Nat. Hist.Mitchell, R. W., and J. R. Reddell, eds. 1973. <strong>Studies</strong> on thecavernicole fauna of Mexico and adjacent regions. Assoc.<strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong> Stud. Bull., 5.201 pp.Mitchell, R. W., and W. H. Russell. 1973. Physiography andgeology of the Huastecan Province of Mexico. Proc. 6thInternat!' Congr. Speleo!., 2:261-268.Mitchell, R. W., and W. H. Russel!. 1976a. Stream capture inthe Huastecan Province of Mexico. Proc. 6th Internat!.Congr. Speleo!., 4: 169-172.Mitchell, R. W., and W. H. Russell. 1976b. The subsurfacewaters of the Sierra de EI Abra of Mexico. Proc. 6thInternat!' Congr. Speleol., 4:163-167.Mitchell, R. W., W. H. Russell, and W. R. Elliott. 1977. <strong>Mexican</strong>eyeless characin fishes, genus Astyanax: Environment,distribution, and evolution. Spec. Pub!. Mus. Texas TechUniv., 12. 89 pp., map.Miyashita, M., H. Tanaka, A. Shirasaka, and K. Ichirnori.1977. <strong>Studies</strong> on the biological control on an intermediatehost of Trematoda by tropical fishes. Japanese J.Sanitary Zoo!., 28:291-300.Mock<strong>for</strong>d, E. L. 1967. The electrentomoid psocids (Psocoptera).Psyche, 74: 118-165.Mohr, C. E. 1950. <strong>Mexican</strong> blind cave fish subject of importantresearch on evolution and cancer. Nat!' Speleo!.Soc. News, 8(4):5.Mohr, C. E. 1968. Mayan cave discoveries. Bats. ExplorersJ.,46:172-179.Mohr, C. E., and T. L. Poulson. 1966. The life of the cave.New York:McGraw-Hill Book Co. 232 pp.Moller, H. 1970. El interminable territorio subterraneo. Finde Semana, Oct. 2, 1970, p. 5.Mollhagen, T. 1971. Checklist of bats in caves in the regionsof the Sierra de Guatemala and Sierra de El Abra, north.eastern Mexico. Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong> Stud. Bull., 4:19·22.Mollhagen, T. 1977. Sierra del Burro roadlog. Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong><strong>Cave</strong> Stud. News., 5:79~1.Mones, A. 1971. Restos oseos de mamfferos contenidos enregurgitaciones de lechuza del estado de Oaxaca, Mexico.Anal. Inst. Bio!. Univ. Na!. Auton., Mexico, 39, Ser.Zoo!., (1):169-171.275
- Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
- Page 14 and 15:
C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
- Page 39 and 40:
only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
- Page 45 and 46:
Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
- Page 47 and 48:
caves studied are many large stream
- Page 49 and 50:
unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
- Page 98 and 99:
the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
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philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
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Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
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een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
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actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
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estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
- Page 154 and 155:
maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
- Page 172 and 173:
Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
- Page 220 and 221:
citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
- Page 222 and 223:
een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
- Page 228 and 229:
Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
- Page 230 and 231: Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
- Page 232 and 233: Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
- Page 234 and 235: Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
- Page 236 and 237: (A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
- Page 238 and 239: epresented by many species. Tenebri
- Page 240 and 241: Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
- Page 242 and 243: genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
- Page 244 and 245: Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
- Page 246 and 247: 263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
- Page 248 and 249: Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
- Page 250 and 251: Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
- Page 252 and 253: TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
- Page 254 and 255: Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
- Page 256 and 257: Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
- Page 258 and 259: sity of bats in the tropics. In add
- Page 260 and 261: Three species of short-tailed bats
- Page 262 and 263: abundant in the entrance area of Cu
- Page 264 and 265: Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
- Page 266 and 267: Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
- Page 268 and 269: Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
- Page 270 and 271: Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
- Page 272 and 273: Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
- Page 274 and 275: Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
- Page 276 and 277: Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
- Page 278 and 279: Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
- Page 282 and 283: Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
- Page 284 and 285: Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
- Page 286 and 287: Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
- Page 288 and 289: Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
- Page 290 and 291: Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
- Page 292 and 293: Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
- Page 294 and 295: Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
- Page 296 and 297: +*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
- Page 298 and 299: Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
- Page 300 and 301: Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
- Page 302 and 303: +Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
- Page 304 and 305: *Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
- Page 306 and 307: *Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
- Page 308: Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
- Page 311 and 312: Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
- Page 313 and 314: +*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
- Page 315 and 316: *Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
- Page 317 and 318: *Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
- Page 319 and 320: Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
- Page 321 and 322: and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
- Page 323 and 324: *Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
- Page 325 and 326: Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
- Page 327 and 328: Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
- Page 329 and 330: SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
- Page 333:
mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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