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Suborder DiplosphyronidaFamily HyidaeLeucohya heteropoda ChamberlinPseudoscorpion troglobio: Anonymous, 1942b:26S.Pseudoscorpiones nueva subfamilia: Bolivar, 1944:26.Leucohya heteropoda Chamberlin, 1946:7, 8-10,pI. 1; Chamberlin and Malcolm, 1960:114; Muchmore,1969:32; Reddell, 1971b:27; Muchmore,1972a:261, 269, 272,273; Muchmore, 1973a:S1,53, fig. 15-17.Leucohya heterodonta: Reddell, 1967a:24 (erroneousspelling).Type-locality.-Gruta del Palmito, Bustamante,Nuevo Leon, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 19.Discussion.-This species is closely related to L.magnifica Muchmore, but the relationships of thisgenus to other neobisioid genera remain uncertain. Itis apparently related to Mexobisium, Apohya, andmore distantly to Paravachonium. An editorial addendumto Muchmore (1969) reports this species as beingknown from caves in Yucatan; this is an obviouserror. Topotypic specimens collected recently werefound under rocks in the entrance room of the cave.GUATEMALA,...-"r,.. \/.//Fig. 19.-Distribution of troglobitic pseudoscorpions of the family Hyidae: 1, Leucohya magnifica; 2, 1. heteropoda;3, Mexobisium paradoxum; 4, Troglohya carranzai; 5, M. maya; 6, T. mitchelli; 7, M. guatemalense; 8, M. goodnighti.120
Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescrihed genus and species of pseudoscorpion:Reddell, 1967a:24.Hyidae, undescrihed genus and species: Reddell,1971h:27.Leucohya magnifica Muchmore, 1972a:271-272,fig. 12-13; Muchmore, 1973a:51; Reddell, 1973a:33,37.Type-locality.-Grutas del Carrizal, Nuevo Leon,Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 19.Discussion.-This species is known only from asingle female. Both species of Leucohya are knownfrom single caves in isolated limestone ranges separatedby desert terrain.Mexobisium goodnighti l\luchmoreMexobisium goodnighti Muchmore, 1973b:69-71, fig.22-25; Muchmore, 1977:71.Type-locality.-<strong>Cave</strong> near Augustine, Belize.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 19.Discussion.-This large species with attenuated appendagesis the only species of the genus known fromBelize. It is very distinct and may eventually provegenerically distinct from other species of Mexobisium.The genus Mexobisium includes seven speciesof fairly disparate morphology. Epigean species areknown from Cuba and from Chiapas and Oaxaca,Mexico. Troglohites occur in Guatemala, Belize, andTabasco and Veracruz, Mexico.}Uexobisium guatemalensf! 1\IuchmoreMexobisium guatemalense Muchmore, 1973h:67, 69,71, fig. 18-21; Muchmore, 1977:71.Type-locality.-Cueva Lanquin, Alta Verapaz,Guatemala.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 19.Discussion.-This is the only species of the genusknown to occur in Guatemala.Jlexobisium maya \luchmoreMexobisium maya l\luchmore, 1973b:67, 69, 71, fig.12-17; Muchmore, 1977:71.Type-locality.-Grutas de Cocona, 3 km NE Teapa,Tahasco, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only froUl the type-locality.See Fig. 19.Discussion.-This species is known from a singlemale, two females, and two tritonymphs. Its relationshipto other memhers of the genus is not clear althoughit is similar to M. pecki Muchmore, an epigeanspecies, in its general confonnation.Mexobisium paradoxum MuchmoreMexobisium paradoxum Muchmore, 1972a:273-275,fig. 14-19; Reddell, 1973a:37; Muchmore, 1973h:63,71-72.Mexobisium garadoxum: Reddell, 1973a:33 (erroneousspelling).Type-locality.-Cueva del Ojo del Agua de Tlilapan,Tlilapan, Veracruz, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 19.Discussion.-This species is known only from theholotype female collected from a flowstone slope inthe Formation Room at the type-locality. J'1. paradoxumis unique in many respects, and its affinitiesto other memhers of the genus are ohscure.Troglohya carranzai BeierTroglohya carranzai Beier, 1956:83, 84-85, fig. 2;Chamherlin and Malcolm, 1960: 114; Barrera,1968:313; Muchmore, 1969:32; Reddell, 1971h:27; Muchmore, 1972a:261, 272; Muchmore,1973a:54,55.Type-locality.-Cueva de Monteflor, cerca de ValleNacional, N. Oaxaca, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 19.Discussion.-This species is known only from asingle tritonymph. It is related to M. mitchelli Muchmore,but until further material is availahle, the degreeof relationship is unknown. The genus Troglohyamay prove to he more closely related to Vachoniumthan to Leucohya.Troglohya mitchelli MuchmoreTroglohya mitchelli Muchmore, 1973a:55-56, fig. 2431; Iuchmore, 1977:71.Type-Iocality.-Grutas de Zapaluta, 6.5 kill SE LaTrinitaria, Chiapas, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 19.Discussion.-This species, known from a single female,is larger and more attenuate than T. carranzai.Family IdeoroncidaeAlbiorix bolivari BeierAlbiorix bolivari Beier, 1963: 133-134, fig. 1; Barrera,1968:313; Muchmore, 1969:32; Reddell, 1971b:27; Muchmore, 1972a:261.121
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
Page 76 and 77: Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
Page 78 and 79: Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
Page 80 and 81: any way a part of the true cave fau
Page 82 and 83: they have been washed in with soil
Page 84 and 85: part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
Page 86 and 87: The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
Page 88 and 89: associated with true cave waters. P
Page 90 and 91: Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
Page 92 and 93: tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
Page 94 and 95: 30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
Page 96 and 97: underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
Page 98 and 99: the similarities between the distri
Page 100 and 101: Yucatan but did not identify the sp
Page 102 and 103: Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
Page 104 and 105: It indudes five spccies, of which t
Page 106 and 107: Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
Page 108 and 109: Records.-Campeche: Volc
Page 110 and 111: 164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
Page 112 and 113: Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
Page 115 and 116: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
Page 117 and 118: the pond which is fed by the cave s
Page 119 and 120: philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
Page 123 and 124: Distribution.-Known only from the t
Page 125: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
Page 133 and 134: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
Page 135 and 136: Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
Page 143 and 144: Distribution.-Known from two caves
Page 146 and 147: actually a natural cave artificiall
Page 148 and 149: Discussion.-This large species has
Page 150 and 151: and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153: estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
Page 154 and 155: maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
Page 156 and 157: Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
Page 158 and 159: Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
Page 160 and 161: the cave and in general association
Page 162 and 163: DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
Page 164 and 165: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
Page 166 and 167: family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
Page 168 and 169: n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
Page 170 and 171: Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
Page 172 and 173: Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
Page 174 and 175: Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
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Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
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263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
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Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
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Three species of short-tailed bats
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abundant in the entrance area of Cu
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Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
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Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
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Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
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Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273:
Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
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Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
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Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
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Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
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McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
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Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
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Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
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Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
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Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
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Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
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Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
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Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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