Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Veracruz; it remainsundescribed. Collections were made in one cave inCampeche and in about 40 in Yucatan. Attemptswere made to revisit as many of the caves studied byPearse in 1936 as was possible; numerous new cavesof great interest were also located. In addition tomore specimens of all of the troglobites previouslyreported and many new species of troglophile, collectionsincluded new blind spiders (Gertsch 1977b),shrimp (Hobbs and Hobbs, 1976), pseudoscorpion(Muchmore, 1977), and amphipod (Holsinger, 1977).Of particular interest were additional populations ofthe rare blind fish Typhliasina pearsei and Ophisternoninfernale.During July 1973 a visit to the Yucatan Peninsulawas made by Dr. Masaharu Kawakatsu, Robert W.Mite:hell, James Reddell, J. Mark Rowland, andothers. Collections were made in many caves and epigeanlocalities in the state of Yucatan.The Third Zoological 1ission to !\lexico sponsoredby the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei wasconducted from July 20 to October 11, 1973, hyValerio Sbordoni, Roberto Argano, Aldo Zullini,and Vincenzo Vomero. A total of 45 caves werevisited in several parts of Chiapas and adjacentHudlllrtenango, Guatemala. Among the morenotable rliscoveries of this expedition were newspecies of troglobitic stenasellid isopod (Argano,1(77), amphipod (Ruffo and Vigna TagJianti, ] 977),palat:monid shrimp (Holthuis, 1977), opilionid(Silhavy, 1977), and milliped (Shear, 1977a).In AUhrust 1973 David McKenzie, Roy .I arneson,and others made collections in several caVf:S in theRancho Nuevo region of :'-Juevo Leon and Tamaulipas.Among species of intnest were new, still undescribedspecies of trechine hectic and thr secondspecies of troglohitic catopid known from Mexico(Peck, 1977).In December 1973 Peter Sprouse, Peter Strickland,and others visited several cavrs ill the A1luismon regionof San Luis PotosI. Additional populations ofspveral troglobites and a stillundescrihed new speciesof t>nrlemic earthworm were found.From December 21, 197:1, to January 12, 1974,William Elliott, Bob Harr, Roy Jameson, DavirlMcKenzie, and James Reddell conductt:d biologicalinvestigations in the caves of the ZacapoaxtlaCuetzalan area of Puebla, the Aeatlan region ofOaxaca, and the Soledad At7.0mpa anrl Cofre: de:Perote areas of Veracruz. Each area produced spl':riesof interest. Among many species discovered in theZacapoaxtla-Cuetzalan region were new crayfish(Hobbs, 1975), spiders, and millipeds (Causey,1975b). A return visit to Cueva del Nacimiento delRio San Antonio in Oaxaca resulted in the collectionof a new species of troglobitic cyphophthalmidopiliollid (Shear, 1977b), the first record <strong>for</strong> thissuborder in :\Iexico. Collections in the SoledadAtzornpa region included specimens of several raretroglobites also known from the Tequila regionbut also new species of spider and milliped. Finally,study of Cueva del Volcancillo, a lava tube on Cofrede Perote, was the first investigation of the biologyof a lava tube in :'.Iexico. Although not a cave wellsuited<strong>for</strong> fauna, Cueva del Volcancillo possessedmany species of interest, including troglohitic opilionids,millipeds, and trechine beetles. 1\']ost of theresults of this expedition remain unpublished.The caves of the Micos region and the Sierra deEl Ahra, San Luis Potosi, were biologically studiedfrom May 15 to June 8, 1974, by William Elliott,John Prentice, Carmen Soileau, and others. Theprimary emphasis was on obtaining specimens andother in<strong>for</strong>mation on Astyanax jordani.The members of the second expedition were AndyGrubbs, David McKenzie, James Reddell, and SuzanneWiley; Robert W. Mitchell, William Russell, andothers joined the expedition <strong>for</strong> part of the time.Their studies included the biological investigation offour caves in Tahasco, eight caves in Campeche, 14caves in Quintana Roo, and 13 caves in Yucatan. Inaddition to further delineating the ranges of manytroglobites, the expedition resulted in the discoveryof new species of blind spiders, amblypygid, andmilliped (Grubbs, 1975).The fourth expedition sponsored hy the AccademiaNar,ionale dei Lincei was conducted from July 30to October 20, 1975. The personnel on this expeditionwere Roberto Argano, Valerio Shordoni, VincenzoVomero, and Aldo Zullini. Thirty caves werevisited in Chiapas; studies of the phreatic biotopewere also made in Chiapas, Campeche, Quintana Roo,and Yucatan. Among the more significant discoveriesof this expedition were new species of troglobitieasellid isopod, am phipod, crab, and trechine beetle(Sbordoni et aI., 1977).In August 1975 Andy Grubbs, David \lcKenzie,and Suzanne Wiley made the first biological study ofcaves in the karst region of San Nicolas de los Montes,San Luis Potosi. Thpir most notable discovery was ofa new gfnus and species of troglohitic chactid scorpIOn.An ex pfdition in December 1973 hy DennisBarnes, Tom Byrd, l\lareia Cossey, Andy Grubb;;,Shari Larason, and Terry Sayther to the Acatlanregion, Oaxaca, included biological collfction;; inseveral caves. Their discoveries included a new speciesof blind diplorentrid scorpion, described by Francke12
(1979) as Diplocentrus cueva. A new species of troglobitichomopteran was collected in this same monthby Mike McEachern in Cueva de Cayetano, Oaxaca.Further studies were made in December 1975 andJanuary 1976 by Dennis Barnes, Tom Byrd, MarciaCossey, Andy Grubbs, and Jim Rodemaker in thecaves of the San Nicolas de los Montes region, SanLuis Potosi.December 1975 to January 1976 Peter Sprouse,Peter Strickland, and Carmen Soileau made collectionsin caves in the Sierra el Pino, San Luis Potosiand near Pinalito, Hidalgo.Biological investigations were made of severalcaves in the San Juan area, Queretaro, in January1976, by Roy Jameson and Patty Mothes, and inMarch 1976 by Alexia Cochrane, Gill Ediger, AndyGrubbs, and Roy Jameson.June 8-15, 1976, Roy Jameson and Patty Mothescollected new species of blind planaria, tarantula,and milliped in caves northwest of Xilitla in Queretaro(Jameson, 1977).In November 1976 the Rio Purificacion area ofTamaulipas was the object of intensive study. Collectionsby Andy Grubbs and Peter Sprouse includednew species of planarian, opilionid, and trechinebeetle.Collections in the Huautla de Jimenez region,Oaxaca, December 1976 to January 1977 by RoyJameson and Patty Mothes included blind millipeds,opilionids, carabid beetles, and a new genus andspecies of eyeless scorpion of unknown familialaffinities.An expedition from December 15, 1976, toJanuary 15,1977, by Andy Grubbs, David McKenzie,James Reddell, and Carmen Soileau included visits tothe Sierra de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas; the Cuetzalanregion, Puebla; the Acatliin region, Oaxaca; and theJalapa, Cuitlahuac, and Atoyac regions, Veracruz. Atotal of 38 caves were studied; collections includednew species of mysid (Bowman, 1977b), crayfish,shrimp, spider, milliped, and homopteran.The first visit to the karst region of Zoquitliin,Puebla, was made by Preston Forsythe, Jim Rodemaker,Peter Strickland, and others in January 1977.Their collections included a new genus and speciesof snail and blind opilionids, millipeds, and carabidbeetles.In January 1977 Robert W. Mitchell and LindaFaulkenberry collected, among other species ofinterest, a new species of cirolanid isopod in the cavesof the San Nicolas de los Montes region, San LuisPotosi.Collections were made by Carmen Soileau inMarch 1977 in caves in the vicinity of Yochib, Chiapas.The study of the Rio Purificacion region, Tamaulipas,intensified in 1977 with expeditions in March,May, November, and December. The principal collectorsin this area were Gill Ediger, David McKenzie,Dale Pate, and Peter Sprouse. Their collections includedtroglobitic stenasellid and trichoniscid isopods,spiders, opilionids, centipeds, and carabidbeetles.During an expedition in April-May 1977 to Huautlade Jimenez, Oaxaca, Tracy Johnson and Bill Steelecollected blind millipeds, opilionids, and carabidbeetles in several caves.In May 1977 Roy Jameson and Patty Mothes continuedtheir study of the caves in the region northwestof Xilitla in Queretaro. Their collections includedblind planaria, isopods, spiders, opilionids,and millipeds.Roy Jameson and Patty Mothes in November andDecember 1977 made the first study of the caves ofthe San Joaquin, Queretaro, region (Mothes, 1978).Among their collections were new species of blindmilliped.December 1977 to January 1978 Jean Jancewicz,Roy Jameson, Dino Lowery, and Steve Zeman collectedtroglobitic amblypygids, spiders, millipeds,and carabid beetles in several caves in the Huautla deJimenez region of Oaxaca.In January 1978 Jerry Atkinson, Preston Forsythe,Jocie Hooper, and Peter Strickland revisited theZoquitliin, Puebla, area (Atkinson, 1978). Theircollections included a new species of blind nesticidspider (Gertsch, in press).Terry Sayther in January 1978 collected blind isopodsand other fauna of interest in several caves inthe Atoyac region, Veracruz.The caves of the Purificacion region of Tamaulipaswere the object of intensive study during 1978, withthe primary emphasis being placed on the SistemaPurificacion, Cueva X, Sumidero de Oyamel, andCueva de los Allarines. The principal collectors duringthis period were William Elliott, Andy Grubbs, DavidMcKenzie, Dale Pate, Terry Raines, Peter Sprouse,Terri Treacy, and Lisa Wilk. Among the more notablefinds were undescribed species of troglobitic planaria,isopod, pseudoscorpion, opilionid, milliped, andcentiped.An expedition to the Huautla de Jimenez, Oaxaca,region in April and May 1978 by Bill Steele, BillStone, Andy Grubbs, Mike McEachern, Jill Dorman,Jim Smith, and others, resulted in the collection oftroglobitic scorpions, opilionids, millipeds, and carabidbeetles.13
- Page 1: A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
- Page 8: . 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
- Page 12 and 13: collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
- Page 14 and 15: C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
- Page 16 and 17: springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
- Page 20 and 21: Those species of troglobite which h
- Page 22 and 23: Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
- Page 25 and 26: CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
- Page 27 and 28: Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
- Page 29 and 30: y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
- Page 31 and 32: Although a few caves in the Norther
- Page 33 and 34: an elevation of about 900 meters. T
- Page 35 and 36: the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
- Page 37 and 38: has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
- Page 39 and 40: only apparent troglophile is the ps
- Page 41 and 42: The cave fauna of this region is ri
- Page 43 and 44: igneous rock immediately east of th
- Page 45 and 46: Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
- Page 47 and 48: caves studied are many large stream
- Page 49 and 50: unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
- Page 52 and 53: pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
- Page 54 and 55: troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
- Page 56 and 57: Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
- Page 58 and 59: of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
- Page 60 and 61: The principal cavernous fonnation i
- Page 62 and 63: ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
- Page 64 and 65: Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
- Page 66 and 67: The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
- Page 96 and 97:
underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
- Page 98 and 99:
the similarities between the distri
- Page 100 and 101:
Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
- Page 115 and 116:
Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
- Page 119 and 120:
philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
- Page 121 and 122:
Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
- Page 125 and 126:
(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
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Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
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een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
- Page 146 and 147:
actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
- Page 152 and 153:
estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
- Page 154 and 155:
maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
- Page 160 and 161:
the cave and in general association
- Page 162 and 163:
DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
- Page 164 and 165:
Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
- Page 170 and 171:
Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
- Page 172 and 173:
Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
- Page 178 and 179:
nation must await study, but it is
- Page 180 and 181:
Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
- Page 182 and 183:
Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
- Page 186 and 187:
Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
- Page 188 and 189:
the genus Synoptura and removed the
- Page 190 and 191:
known from caves all contain troglo
- Page 192 and 193:
las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
- Page 196 and 197:
Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
- Page 198 and 199:
appears to be most closely related
- Page 200 and 201:
this is almost certainly M. russell
- Page 202 and 203:
Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
- Page 204 and 205:
Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
- Page 208 and 209:
Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
- Page 210 and 211:
of small soil inhabiting japygoids
- Page 212 and 213:
(Linnaeus) has been collected from
- Page 214 and 215:
Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
- Page 216 and 217:
the most poorly known species in th
- Page 218 and 219:
Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
- Page 220 and 221:
citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
- Page 222 and 223:
een found in caves and mines in Yuc
- Page 224 and 225:
ground dwelling habit, many beetles
- Page 226 and 227:
Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
- Page 228 and 229:
Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
- Page 230 and 231:
Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
- Page 232 and 233:
Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
- Page 234 and 235:
Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
- Page 236 and 237:
(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
- Page 238 and 239:
epresented by many species. Tenebri
- Page 240 and 241:
Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
- Page 242 and 243:
genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
- Page 244 and 245:
Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
- Page 246 and 247:
263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
- Page 248 and 249:
Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
- Page 250 and 251:
Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
- Page 252 and 253:
TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
- Page 254 and 255:
Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
- Page 256 and 257:
Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
- Page 258 and 259:
sity of bats in the tropics. In add
- Page 260 and 261:
Three species of short-tailed bats
- Page 262 and 263:
abundant in the entrance area of Cu
- Page 264 and 265:
Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
- Page 266 and 267:
Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
- Page 268 and 269:
Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
- Page 270 and 271:
Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
- Page 272 and 273:
Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
- Page 274 and 275:
Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
- Page 276 and 277:
Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
- Page 278 and 279:
Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
- Page 280 and 281:
McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
- Page 282 and 283:
Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
- Page 284 and 285:
Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
- Page 286 and 287:
Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
- Page 288 and 289:
Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
- Page 290 and 291:
Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
- Page 292 and 293:
Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
- Page 294 and 295:
Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
- Page 300 and 301:
Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
- Page 302 and 303:
+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
- Page 304 and 305:
*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
- Page 306 and 307:
*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
- Page 308:
Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
- Page 311 and 312:
Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
- Page 313 and 314:
+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
- Page 315 and 316:
*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
- Page 317 and 318:
*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
- Page 319 and 320:
Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
- Page 321 and 322:
and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
- Page 323 and 324:
*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
- Page 325 and 326:
Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
- Page 327 and 328:
Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
- Page 329 and 330:
SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
- Page 331 and 332:
Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.