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abundant in the entrance area of Cueva del Abra,Tamaulipas. Peters' climbing rat, Tylomys nudicaudusgymnurus Villa R., has been reported from cavesin Guerrero and Puebla (Ramirez-Pulido and SanchezHernandez, 1971).Family DasyproctidaeRemains of the paca, Agouti paca nelsoni Goldman,have been found in caves in Yucatan (Pearse andKellogg, 1938; Jones et aI., 1974). Local inhabitantsreport that pacas frequently are shot in the large entrancesinks of the caves of Yucatan; they doubtlessventure into darkness in some caves in search ofwater.Family ErithizontidaeThe Mexican porcupine, Coendou mexicanus yucataniaeThomas, has been reported from caves in Yucatan(Pearse and Kellogg, 1938; Jones et aI., ]974).Order CarnivoraFamily CanidaeThe gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus nigrirostris(Lichtenstein), was reported from Cueva de TiaJuana, Guerrero, by Villa R. (1967). It was presumablypreying on bats.Family FelidaeThe jaguar, Felis onca veraecrucis Nelson andGoldman, has been reported from Cueva de Los Sabinos(Hall and Kelson, 1959) and Sotano del Tigre,San Luis Potosi (Harris, 1971). Local hunters in theSierra de EI Abra of San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipasreport that jaguars are frequently seen in caves.Family MustelidaeThe western spotted skunk, Spilogale gracilis Merriam,was reported from Cueva del Tigre, Sonora(Villa R., 1958), where it was presumably preying onbats.Family ProcyonidaeThe coati, Nasua narica (Linnaeus), was reportedby Villa R. (1967) from a cave ncar lfuajintLin, MoreIos. This species is probably a frequent predator ofbats in the entrance area of caves.256
Literature CitedAnonymous. 1940. Expedicion para recoger peces ciegos enMexico. Ciencia, 1\I1'xico, 1:221.Anonymous. 1942a. Exploraciones biospcologicas en la regionde Valles (San Luis Potosi. i\lexico). Ciencia, Mexico,3:221.Anonymous. 1942b. Exploraciones biospeologicas en \uevoLeon (\Iexico). Ciencia. i\'lexico, 3:265.Anonymous. 1945. Notes on the blind cave tetra. Aquarium,Philadelphia, 14: 70.Anonymous, 1947. Expedicion cient ifica a Yucatan. Ciencia,Mexico, 8:128-129.Anonymous. 1965, Ai\ICS area report. Huautla. Assoc. :\'IexicanCave Stud. i\'ews., 1:60-61.Anonymous. 1968, l\ews: Baleones. Texas Caver, 13:11-12.Anonymous. 1974a, 1973 Belizean caving summarized.Inside Earlh, 3:7, 34,43.Anonymous. 1974b. News and not,:s, Assoc, i\lexiean CaveStud. "ews., 4:112,125.Anonymous. 1974,c, "ews and notes. Assoc, :VI ex ican CaveStud. i\'ews., 5:2-4.Anonymous. 1978. Cave notes. 1301. Asoc. ;Vlexieana Espeleol.,1:11-17.Absolon, K., and M. Kseneman. 1942. TrogJopedetini. VergleichendeStudie iiber eine altertiimliche hohlenbewohnendeKollembolengruppe aus den dinarischen Karstgebieten.Stud. Geb. Karstforsch, H, no, 16:1-57,Aguirre Pequeno, E. 1959. Aislamiento de Histoplasma cap·sulatum del guano de murcieJago en cuevas del noresle deMexico. Gac. Mcd. Mexieo, 89:243·253.Albert, D. P., and B. MacLeod. 1971. Caving in British Hon.duras. Natl. Speleol. Soc. News, 29:6-9.Alcorta Guerrero, R. 1966. Esquema geografico de Mexico.Pp. 1-8 in Caminos de Mexico, 2nd ed. Mexico, D. F.:Compania Hulera Euzkadi.Allee, W. C., A. E. Emerson, 0, Park, T. Park, and K. P,Schmidt. 1949. Principles of animal ecology. Philadel.phia: W. B, Saunders Co, xii + 837 pp.Allen, G. M. 1942. Hylonycteris underwoodi in Mexico. ].Mammal., 23:97.Allen, R. K. 1974. Neochoroterpes, a new subgenus of ChoroterpesEaton from North America (Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae). Canadian Entomol., 106:161·168.Alley, K., R. Uinas, and D. E. Hillman. 1973. Neuronaland synaptic morphology in the optic tectum of a "blind"cavcfish. (Abstr.). Ana!. Rec., 175 :263.Alvarez, J, 1946. Revision del genero Anoptichthys con des·cripcion de una especie nueva (Pisc., Characidae). Anal.Esc. Nac. Cienc. BioI., 4:263·282.Alvarcz, .J. 1947. Descripeion de Anoptichthys hubbsi cara·cinido ciego de la Cueva de los Sabinos, S. L. P. Rev. Soc.Mexieana His!. Nat., 8:215·219.Alvarez, .J, 1950. Claves para la determinacion de especics enlos peces de las aguas continentales mexicanas. Mexico,Sec. Marina Direc. Gral. Pesca. 143 pp.Alvarez, .J. 1959. Nota preliminar sobre la ictiofauna delestado de San Luis Potosi. Acta Cient. Potosina, 3:71-88.Alvarez del Villar, J. 1970. Peces mexicanos (claves). lnst.Nac. Investigaciones BioI. Pesqueras, Ser. InvestigacionPesquera, Est., 1. 166 pp.Alvarez, T. 1963. The recent mammals of Tamaulipas,:\-Iexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. His!., 14: 363·473.Alvarez, T. 1968. Notas sobre una coleccion de mamiferos dela region costera del Rio Balsas entrt; Michoacan y Gue.rrero. Rev, Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat., 29:21-35.Anderson, S. 1972. Mammals of Chihuahua. Taxonomy anddistribution. Bull. American Mus. Nat. Hist., 148: 149410.Anderson, S., and C. E. Nelson. 1965. A systematic revisionof Macrotus (Chiroptera). American Mus. oV., 2212.39 pp.Anderson, T. H. 1967. Geology of the middle third of LaDemocracia Quadrangle, Guatemala. M. A. Thesis. Austin:Univ. Texas at Austin. x + 81 pp., 1 pI.257
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
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the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
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philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
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Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
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een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
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actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
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estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
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maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
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Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
Page 212 and 213: (Linnaeus) has been collected from
Page 214 and 215: Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
Page 216 and 217: the most poorly known species in th
Page 218 and 219: Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
Page 220 and 221: citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
Page 222 and 223: een found in caves and mines in Yuc
Page 224 and 225: ground dwelling habit, many beetles
Page 226 and 227: Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
Page 228 and 229: Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
Page 230 and 231: Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
Page 232 and 233: Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
Page 234 and 235: Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
Page 236 and 237: (A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
Page 238 and 239: epresented by many species. Tenebri
Page 240 and 241: Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
Page 242 and 243: genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
Page 244 and 245: Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
Page 246 and 247: 263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
Page 248 and 249: Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
Page 250 and 251: Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
Page 252 and 253: TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
Page 254 and 255: Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
Page 256 and 257: Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
Page 258 and 259: sity of bats in the tropics. In add
Page 260 and 261: Three species of short-tailed bats
Page 264 and 265: Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
Page 266 and 267: Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269: Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
Page 270 and 271: Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273: Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
Page 274 and 275: Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
Page 276 and 277: Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
Page 278 and 279: Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
Page 280 and 281: McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
Page 282 and 283: Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
Page 284 and 285: Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
Page 286 and 287: Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
Page 288 and 289: Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
Page 290 and 291: Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
Page 292 and 293: Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
Page 294 and 295: Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
Page 296 and 297: +*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
Page 298 and 299: Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
Page 300 and 301: Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
Page 302 and 303: +Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
Page 304 and 305: *Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
Page 306 and 307: *Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
Page 308: Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
Page 311 and 312: Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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