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*Cenote Aka Chen, 1 km E Tixcancal, Mpo. de Tizimin(Reddell, 1977b:289)Cenote Amil, 6 km SAbala, Mpo. de AbaIa (Reddell,1977b:253)+*Cueva Ami!, 14 km SE and 2 km E Merida, Mpo. deMerida (Reddell, 1977b:264)+Cenote Anicabil, near the road to Yaxcaba, Mpo. deYaxcaba (Finch, 1965:113-115)+Cueva de Arena, 0.5 km SSW Santa Rosa, Mpo. dePeto (Villa R., 1953a:318)Cueva de Balaam Canche-see Grutas de Balankanche*Grutas de Balankanche, 4 km E Chichen Itza, Mpo.de ?Tinum (Andrews, 1970: 1-4, 2-3m; Reddell,1977b:284-286)Cueva de Belaam Canche-see Grutas de BalankancheCueva Bolonchen-see Grutas de BalankancheAcmn Caha Chen-see Cenote Kabahchen*Cenote Calchuhuim, 2 km E Hacienda San Bernardo,Mpo. de Maxcanu (Reddell, 1977b:263)*Cenote Calchum, 1 km E Hacienda San Bernardo,Mpo. de Maxcanu (Reddell, 1977b:263)Cenote Calchuntunil-see Cenote CalchuhuimCenote de los Camarones-see Cueva de Santa ElenaCueva de los Camarones-see Cueva de Santa Elena+Cueva de Carroza, Hocmn, Mpo. de Hocmn (Reddell,1977b:257)Banos Catacumbas-see Cenote de San Isidro*Cenote de Catzin, Catzin, Mpo. de Chemax (Reddell,1977b:256)Cueva de Caxcuy-see Cenote del Pochote+*Cueva Chac Mol, Tohil, Mpo. de Kaua (Reddell,1977b:258)Cenote de Chac Sikiin (Norte), Ruinas de Mayapan,Mpo. de Tecoh (Reddell, 1977b:278-279)Cenote de Chac Sikiin (Sur), Ruinas de Mayapan,Mpo. de Tecoh(Reddell, 1977b:279)+Cenote Chapultepec, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b:264)*Cenote Chen Mul, Ru.inas de Mayapan, Mpo. deTecoh (Smith, 1954:223-225, 230m; Reddell,1977b:279)+Cenote Chiuoh, Hacienda Mukuyche, Mpo. de Abala(Reddell, 1977b:25 3.254)Cenote Chiuok-see Cenote Chiuoh+Cenote Chotch, 3 km NE Piste, Mpo. de Tinum (Reddell,1977b:286)*Cenote Chun Kapoc, Acanceh, Mpo. de Acanceh(Reddell, 1977b:256)+Cenote Ciruak, 3 km N Piste, Mpo. de Tinum (Reddell,1977b:286)Cenote de Cocoyol, Cocoyol, Mpo. de Chemax (Reddell,1977b:256-257)+Cenote Conchita, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b:264-265)+Cenote del Country Club, Merida, Mpo. de Merida(Reddell, 1977b:265)*Cenote de la Culebra, 12 km N Muna, Mpo. de AbaIa(Reddell, 1977b:255)Cenote D, Ruinas de Ake, Mpo. de Tixkokob (Reddell,1977b:288)Cueva de las Derrumbes, 1 km S Tixcancal, Mpo. deTizimin (Reddell, 1977b:289)+Cenote Dhiba, near the road to Yaxcaha, Mpo. deYaxcaha (Finch, 1965: 110)Grutas de Dzab-Nah-see Grutas de Tzab-NahAguada Dzadz-see Cenote Dzadz+Cenote Dzadz, 10 km SW Chichen Itza, Mpo. deKaua (Reddell, 1977b:259)+Cenote de la Escuela Carlos Morales, Merida, Mpo. deMerida (Reddell, 1977b:265)*Cueva Escondida, 3.5 km S Kaua, Mpo. de Kaua(Reddell, 1977b:259)*Cenote G, Ruinas de Ake, Mpo. de Tixkokob (Reddell,1977b:288)+Cenote Geiser, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b:265)Cenote Geyser-see Cenote GeiserGreat Cenote-see Cenote Xtolok+Cenote Halal, 14 km and 2 km E Merida, Mpo.de Merida (Reddell, 1977b:265)Cueva de Hoctum-see Cenote de HoctUn*Cenote de Hoctun, 1 km W Hoctun, Mpo. de Hoctun(Pearse, 1938a:10, 11m; Robles Ramos, 1950:6366, 64m; Reddell, 1977b:257-258)Cueva de Hoctun-see Cenote de HoctUn+Cenote Hotun, 1.5 km SW Piste, Mpo. de Tinum(Reddell, 1977b:286)Cenote Hunto Chac (Cueva de Marney), 4 km SValladolid, Mpo. de Valladolid (Reddell, 1977b:291-292)Cenote Hunto Chac (Cueva del Pozo), 4 km S Valladolid,Mpo. de Valladolid (Reddell, 1977b:292)+Cenote Huntun, 4.8 km W Piste, Mpo. de Tinum(Reddell, 1977b:286)+Cenote de Hunucma, 2 km N Hunucma, Mpo. deHunucma (Reddell, 1977b:258)Cenote Iki!-see Cenote Ixi!+Cenote Itzmal Chen, Ruinas de Mayapan, Mpo. deTecoh (Finch, 1965:102m)+Cenote lxi!, 4.8 km SE Chichen Itza, Mpo. de Kaua(Reddell, 1977b:259)*Cenote Kahahchen, Mani, Mpo. de :VIani (Mercer,1896:140-141, 140m; Reddell, 1977b:262)+Cenote Kachak, 16 km W Hunucma, Mpo. de Hunucma(Finch, 1965:99, 100m)Cenote Kankirixche, 10 km NW Muna, Mpo. deMuna (Reddell, 1977b:268)*Actun Kaua, 1 km S Kaua, Mpo. de Kaua (Reddell,1977b:259-261)+Cenote de Kaua, Kaua, Mpo. de Kaua (Reddell,1977b:261)+Cenote de Kiki!, 8 km N Tizimin, Mpo. de Tizimin(Reddell, 1977b:289)Cenote Luchil-see Cueva Luchi!*Cueva Luchi!, 8 km SSE Merida, Mpo. de Kanasin(Reddell, 1977b:258)+Cenote Manzanilla, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b:265)+Cenote de Miramar, 1 km SW Telchac Puerto, Mpo.de Telchac Puerto (Reddell, 1977b:283)Motul Cave-see Cenote de Sambula, Motul+Cenote Mukuyche, Yuncu, Mpo. de Abala, Reddell,1977b:255)Caverna Murustun-see Cueva Muruztun+*Cueva Muruztun, 5 km S Tizimin, Mpo. de Tizimin(Reddell, 1977b:289)+Cenote Niagara, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b:265)Cenote Niagra-see Cenote Niagara*Cenote Nohchen, Sacalum, Mpo. de Sacalum (Arnold314
and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell, 1977b:276)+Cenote Olivut, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b:265-266)*Cenote de Orizaba, 8 km S Buenaventura, Mpo. deTizimin (Reddell, 1977b:289)*Cueva de Orizaba, 8 km S Buenaventura, Mpo. deTizimin (Reddell, 1977b:290)Cavema Oxloth-see Cueva Oxolodt+*Cueva Oxolodt, Kaua, Mpo. de Kaua (Reddell,1977b:261)Cenote de la Paca, 7 km E Tikuch, Mpo. de Valladolid(Reddell, 1977b:292)Cenote Pamanche-see Cenote TaamancheCenote de los Pinos, 7 km S Buenaventura, Mpo. deTizimin (Reddell, 1977b:290)+Cenote de Piste, Piste, Mpo. de Tinum (Reddell,1977b:286)El Pochote Cave-see Cenote del Pochote*Cenote del Pochote, 10 km NW Muna, Mpo. deMuna (Reddell, 1977b:268)Cueva del Ponte-Cenote del PochoteCenote Poxil, 7 km SE Chemax, Mpo. de Chemax(Reddell, 1977b:257)Cenote de El Retiro-see Cenote de San IsidroCenote Sabacah, Sucopo, Mpo. de Tizimin (Reddell,1977b:290)Sacrificial Cenote-see Cenote Sagrado+Cenote Sagrado, Chichen Itza, Mpo. de Tinum (Tozzer,1957:191-192, fig. 706-707m; Reddell,1977b:286-287)Cenote Salud, 12 km S Valladolid, Mpo. de Tekom(Reddell, 1977b:282-283)*Cenote de Sambula, Kopoma, Mpo. de Kopoma(Reddell, 1977b:262)+Cenote de Sambul:i, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b;266)*Cenote de Sambula, Motul, Mpo. de Motul (Pearse,1938a:10, 11m; Reddell, 1977b:267-268)Cueva Sambul:i-see Cenote de Sambul:i, MeridaCenote San BuIha-see Cenote de Sambula, MeridaCueva San BuIha-see Cenote de Sambula, Meridaor Cenote de Sambula, MotulCenote San Cosme-see Cenote OlivutCenote de San Diego, 2 km W Cocoyol, Mpo. deChemax (Reddell, 1977b:257)*Cenote de San Isidro, Merida, Merida (Pearse, 1938a:10, 11m; Reddell, 1977b:266)Cueva de San Isidro-see Cenote de San Isidro*Cenote de San Jose, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b:266)Cenote de San Luis, 7 km S Tixcancal, Mpo. de Tizimin(Reddell, 1977b:290)+Cenote de Santa Ana, Valladolid, Mpo. de Valladolid(Reddell,1977b:292)*Cueva de Santa Elena, 5 km S Telchae Puerto, Mpo.de Telehac Puerto (Robles Ramos, 1950:67m,68-69; Reddell, 1977b:283)*Pozo de Santa Elena, 5 km S Telchac Puerto, Mpo.de Telchae Puerto (Reddell, 1977b:283)+Cenote Scan Yui, 3 km E Chiehen Itza, Mpo. deTinum (Hall, 1936:9m; Reddell, 1977b:287)+eenote Seeo, Chiehen Itza, Mpo. de Tinum (Reddell,1977b:287)+Cenote Shkolak, 3 km from Sitilpeeh, Mpo. de Izamal(Baker, 1895:23)"Cenote de Sihunehen, Sihunehen, Mpo. de Abal:i(Reddell,1977b:255-256)+Cenote Sisal, Valladolid, Mpo. de Valladolid (Reddell,1977b:292)+Cenote Skashek, 3 km from Sitilpeeh, Mpo. de Izamal(Baker, 1895:23)+Cenote Sodzil, 8 km Nand 1.6 km E Merida, Mpo.de Merida (Reddell, 1977b:266)*Cenote Sodzil, 5 km W Sueopo, Mpo. de Tizimin(Reddell, 1977b:290-291)"Cueva SodziI, 5 km W Sueopo, Mpo. de Tizimin(Reddell,1977b:291)Cenote SueiIa, 8 km E Hunku, Mpo. de Temozon(Reddell, 1977b:283)Cenote Sueopo, Sueopo, Mpo. de Tizimin (Reddell,1977b:291)Cenote SueuiI-see Cenote Sueila+Cenote Taamanehe, Taamanehe, Mpo. de Merida(Reddell, 1977b:267)*Cueva de Teeoh, Merida, Mpo. de Merida (Reddell,1977b:267)Cenote Tekom, Tekom, Mpo. de Tekom (Reddell,1977b:283)Cenote de Telehaquillo, Telehaquillo, Mpo. de Teeoh(Reddell, 1977b:279-280)+Cenote de Thompson, 2.5 km E Chichen Itza, Mpo.de Tinum (Reddell, 1977b:287)Cenote Tieimul-see Cenote Tikimul+Cenote Tikimul, 7 km S Chiehen Itza, Mpo. de Kaua(Reddell,1977b:261)Cenote Tixeaneal, Tixcaneal, Mpo. de Tizimin (Reddell,1977b:291)Acmn Tue-ie-see Aemn Tuz-ieCenote Tuxetue-see Cenote de San Luis+Aemn Tuz-ic, 5 km ENE Caleehtok, Mpo. de Opiehen(Reddell, 1977b:270)"Grutas de Tzab-Nah, 2 km S Teeoh, Mpo. de Teeoh(Stromsvik, 1956:463-465, 469m; Reddell, 1977b:281)Uki Cave-see Cenote Uki+Cenote Uki, 3 km NW Motul, Mpo. de Motul (Reddell,1977b:268)+Cueva Valladolid, Valladolid, Mpo. de Valladolid(Reddell,1977b:292)+Cenote Xal, near Chiehen Itza, Mpo. de Tinum (Reddell,1977b:287)Cenote XaIau-see Cenote Xtaeabiha+Cenote Chiea de Xanaba, 6.5 km SW Chiehen Itza,Mpo. de Kaua (Reddell, 1977b:261)+Cenote Grande de Xanaba, 8 km SW Chiehen Itza,Mpo. de Kaua (Reddell, 1977b:261)Cenote Xcan Yui-see Cenote Sean Yui+"Cueva Xeonsaeab, near Tizimin, Mpo. de Tizimin(Reddell, 1977b:291)+Cenote X-ebiz, Hocmn, Mpo. de Hoemn (Reddell,1977b:258)+Cenote Xix, Valladolid, Mpo. de Valladolid (Reddell,1977b:292)*Cenote Xkeken, 3 km N Dzit-Nup, Mpo. de Valladolid(Reddell, 1977b:293)Cenote Xlaeah-see Cenote Xlaka+Cenote Xlaka, Ruinas de Dzibilehaltun, Mpo. deMerida (Marden, 1959:110-129, 112-113m; Reddell,1977b:267)315
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
Page 8:
. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
Page 12 and 13:
collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
Page 14 and 15:
C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
Page 16 and 17:
springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
Page 18 and 19:
Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
Page 20 and 21:
Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
Page 25 and 26:
CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
Page 35 and 36:
the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
Page 37 and 38:
has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
Page 39 and 40:
only apparent troglophile is the ps
Page 41 and 42:
The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
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the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
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philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132:
Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142:
een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
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actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153:
estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
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maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
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Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
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the cave and in general association
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DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
Page 172 and 173:
Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
Page 176 and 177:
only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
Page 184 and 185:
Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
Page 186 and 187:
Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
Page 196 and 197:
Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
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Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
Page 246 and 247:
263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
Page 248 and 249:
Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
Page 252 and 253:
TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
Page 254 and 255:
Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
Page 260 and 261:
Three species of short-tailed bats
Page 262 and 263:
abundant in the entrance area of Cu
Page 264 and 265:
Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
Page 266 and 267:
Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269:
Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
Page 270 and 271: Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273: Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
Page 274 and 275: Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
Page 276 and 277: Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
Page 278 and 279: Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
Page 280 and 281: McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
Page 282 and 283: Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
Page 284 and 285: Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
Page 286 and 287: Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
Page 288 and 289: Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
Page 290 and 291: Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
Page 292 and 293: Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
Page 294 and 295: Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
Page 296 and 297: +*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
Page 298 and 299: Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
Page 300 and 301: Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
Page 302 and 303: +Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
Page 304 and 305: *Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
Page 306 and 307: *Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
Page 308: Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
Page 311 and 312: Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
Page 313 and 314: +*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
Page 315 and 316: *Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
Page 317 and 318: *Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
Page 319: Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
Page 323 and 324: *Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
Page 325 and 326: Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
Page 327 and 328: Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
Page 329 and 330: SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
Page 331 and 332: Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
Page 333: mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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