Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Guano, 10 km NE ValleNacional. Oaxaca, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 16.Discussion.-This attractive crayfish has the eyesgreatly reduced. It was found in association with Neopalaemonnahuatlus. Procambarus oaxacae is consideredto be most closely related to P. rodrigueziHobbs and may even prove to be only subspecificallydistinct when collections from intermediate areas aremade. The crayfish from this cave are used frelluentlyby local inhabitants of the area <strong>for</strong> food. It is extremelyeasy to catch, but <strong>for</strong>tunately much of thestream it inhabits is quite deep and other parts ofthe stream are very difficult of access because of lowclearance between the cave ceiling and the water. Thestream contains much guano, an important factor inexplaining the large population of both species ofdecapod in this cave.Procambarus (A ustrocambarus) oaxacae reddelliHobbsProcambarus (Austrocambarus) oaxacae reddelliHobbs, 1973a:33, 35,37-38, fig. 6·8; Hobbs et al.,1977:6,8,11,12,17,26,52,67,118,119,152,fig. 53.Troglobitic crayfish: Reddell, 1973d:90.Procambarus oaxacae reddelli: Hobbs, 1973b:73.Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio SanAntonio, 10 km SSW Acatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico.Distribution.-Known from four caves in Oaxacaand one in Veracruz. See Fig. 16.Records.-Oaxaca: ?Cueva del Guayabo and Cuevadel Nacimiento del Rio San Antonio.New records.-Oaxaca: Cueva de la Finca andCueva de Las Maravillas; Veracruz: Cueva de Corralde Piedra (det. H. H. Hobbs, Jr.).Discussion.-Specimens trom Cueva del Guayaboare only tentatively assigned to this SUbspecies. Theyshow some in termediate characters between P. o.oaxacae and P. o. reddelli. The crayfish in Cueva delGuayabo were collected from small pools apparentlyleft from a rise in a postulated lower stream. In Cuevadel Nacimiento del Rio San Antonio crayfish wereextremely abundant throughout the length of thislarge cave. They tended to congregate especiallyabout small areas of guano left by bats which roostedin small groups on the ceiling. The crayfish in thiscave are also used <strong>for</strong> food by local inhabitants. InCueva de Corral de Piedra crayfish were found onlyin a side passage which led to an apparent sealed entranceinto which organic debris had washed.Procambarus (Austrocambarus) rodriguezi HobbsProcambarus rodriguezi Hobbs, 1943: 198, 203-206,fig. 15-26; Villalobos, 1948:182; Rioja, 1953a:288, 289, 292; Villalobos, 1953:346, 356, 364,365, 372; Villalobos, 1954:303, 306, 321-323,363; Villalobos, 1955:2, 20, 160, 161, 176-178,218; Nicholas, 1962:173; Hobbs and Villalobos,1964:313; Hobbs, 1966:71; Hobbs, 1969a:161;Hobbs, 1971:3, 12, 30-31; Reddell, 1971a:~17,219; Reddell, 1971b:25; Rioja, 1971:530; Hobbsand Barr, 1972:1, 4; Hart and Hart, 1974:22;lIohLJs et al., 1977:7,9.Paracambarus rodriguezi: Rioja, 1953a:293 (erroneOilS combination).Procambarus (AustrC'cambarus) rodriguezi: Hobbs,IY72a:-Hl, 152, fig. 22c; Hobbs, 1973a:25, 38;lI(Jbh~, 11)74:45,123, fig. 174; Hobbs, 1975:276;IIl)bLJ~ et al., 1977:6, 12, 17, 26. 118, 120-121,152, fig. 54.Procambarus (Austrocambarus) rodiguezi: Hobbs,1972b:6 (erroneous spelling).Troglobitic procambarid: Caine, 11)74:488.Type-Iocality.-<strong>Cave</strong>, 4 kilometers west northwestof the hacienda at Potrero Viejo, Paraje Nuevo, Veracruz,Mexico.Distribution.-Known definitely only from thetype-locality. See Fig. 16.Records.-Veracruz: <strong>Cave</strong> 4 km WNW of PotreroViejo and ?Cueva del Ojo de Agua Grande.Discussion.-The type·locality of this species hasbeen stated to be "Cueva del Agua" and "Cueva delOjo de Agua Grande," but the brief description ofthe type-locality as given by Hobbs (1943) does notfit Cueva del Ojo de Agua Grande. Furthermore,Cueva del Ojo de Agua Grande has no habitat suitable<strong>for</strong> crayfish. It contains only a single passage and thiscontains a rapid rock-floored stream. A single juvenilecrayfish was seen trapped in a tiny drip pool in thelatter cave where flood water apparently isolated it.It must be assumed that the type-locality has notbeen rediscovered.Section BrachyuraFamily GrapsidaeThe only species of grapsid crab known from thecaves of Central America is Sesarma (Holometopus)roberti H. Milne Edwards. It was recently collected inCueva de la Coche, Izabal, Guatemala.Family PseudothelphusidaeIn addition to the three remarkable troglobiticcrabs of the genus Typhlopseudothelphusa, fourpseudothelphusid crabs are known as apparent troglo-112
philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothelphusa) sonoraeRodriguez and Smalley was described from a streamin Mina La Aduana, Sonora (Rodriguez and Smalley,1972); P. (Tehuana) cordobensis Rodriguez andSmalley is known only from Cueva de Ojo de AguaGrande, Veracruz (Rodriguez and Smalley, 1972);Isabellagordonia (Phrygiopilus) acanthophallus (Smalley)is known from Cueva Seamay, Alta Verapaz,Guatemala (Smalley, 1970); and 1. (P.) 10ngipesPretzmann is known only from Grutas de Lanquin,Alta Verapaz, Guatemala (Pretzmann, 1972).Typhlopseudothelphusa juberthiei DelamareDebouttevilleTyphlopseudothelphusa juberthiei Delamare Deboutteville,1976:837, 838, 839, fig. G-1; DelamareDebou tteville and Juberthie, 1976: 19:Delamare Deboutteville, 1977:115, 119, 122, 123,125-126,127,128, fig. 6-7,14-15.Typhlopseudotelphusa juberthiei: Cottarelli and\rgano,1977:212 (erroneous spelling).Type-Iocality.-Grotte de Chicam, Sierra de Chama,Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 16.Discussion.-Delamare Deboutteville (1977) hasdiscussed at leng:th the habitat and relationships ofthis and the following species.Typhlopseudothelphusa mitchelli DelamareDebou ttevilleTyphlopseudothelphusa mitchelli Delamare Deboutteville,1976:8:17, 838, 8:39, fig. D-F; DelamareDeboutteville and J uberthie, 1976:23: DelamareDeboutteville, 1977:115, 119, 121, 124,125,126,127,128,129, fig. 5,9-1:3.Typhlopseudotelphusa mitchelli: Cottarelli and Argano,1977:212 (erroneous spelling).Type-Iocality.-Grottes C3 et (;3, sierra de Pampurau Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.Distribution.-Known only from the two caveslisted as the type-locality. See Fig. 16.Discussion.-lt is not known which of the twocaves listed above is that from which the holotypewas taken. Delamare Deboutteville (1977) reportedthat a specimen of T. mitchelli collected on 29 April1976 carried 48 egb'S.Typhlopseudothelphusa mocinoi RiojaTyphlopseudothelphusa n. g., n. sp.: Rioja, 1953a:291,292,293 (nomen nudum).Typhlopseudothelphusa mociiloi Rioja, 1953b:218225, fig. 1-12; Rioja, 1971:548; Hobbs et al.,1977:7, 10.Cangrejo ciego: Rioja, 1953e:11, fig. 2.Typhloseudothelphusa mocifioi: Rioja et al., 1961:313; Hartnoll, 1964b:78 (erroneous spelling).Typhlopseudothelphusa mocinoi: Nicholas, 1962:174; Hartnoll, 1964a:I64; Hartn011, 1964b:79;Holthuis, 1964:65; Thines and Tercafs, 1972:68;Delamare Deboutteville, 1976:837,838, 839, fig.A-C; Delamare Deboutteville and Juberthie, 1976:23, fig. 3; Delamare Deboutteville, 1977:115, 116,119,120,124,126, fig. 1,4.Typhlopseudotelphusa mocinoi: Vandel, 1964: 183;Vandel, 1965a:142; Delamare Deboutteville,1971:60; Cottarelli and Argano, 1977:212 (erroneousspelling).Potamocarcinus (Typhlopseudothelphusa) mocinoi:Pretzmann, 1965:2 (by implication); Smalley,1970:102; Reddell, 1971a:217, 219; Reddell,1971b:26; Reddell and Mitchell, 1971c:2; Pretzmann,1972:7, 64 (by implication), 81, fig. 19,730-732; Sbordoni et al., 1974:9; Hobbs et al.,1977:6, 12,28, 144-145, fig. 67.?<strong>Cave</strong> crab: Barr, 1968a:82.Potamocarcinus (Typhlopseudothelphusa): Smalley,1970:103,105.Potamocarcinus (Typhlopseudothelphusa) mocifioi:Rodriguez and Smalley, 1972:72, 92, fig. 3, 25,26.Potamocarcinus (Typhlopseudotelphusa) mocifioi:Rodriguez and Smalley, 1972:92 (erroneousspelling).Potamocarcinus (Typhlopseudotehlphusa) mocifioi:Rodriguez and Smalley, 1972:92 (erroneous spelling).Potamocarcinus mocinoi: Sbordoni et al., 1974:26.Typhlopseudothelphusa: Hobbs et al., 1977:143-144.Potamocarcinus (part): Hobbs et al., 1977:5, 142-143.Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Tio Ticho, Comitan,Chiapas, l\lexico.Distribution.-Known only from three caves inChiapas. See Fig. 16.Records.-Chiapas: Cueva de Los Llanos, Cueva delos MurcieIagos, and Cueva del Tio Ticho.Discussion.-1n Cueva del Tio Ticho this species inhabitsthe lowest level of the cave. A female with 75eggs and another with 57 young were collected on21 August 1967 on a mud slope above the cavestream. In Cueva de Los Llanos and Cueva de los MurcieIagosthe crabs inhabited a small stream passageover which bats roosted, and in association with blindasellid isopods (Caecidotea chiapas) and planarians(Dugesia mckenziei).113
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A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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- Page 72 and 73: large genus with numerous epigean s
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- Page 76 and 77: Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
- Page 78 and 79: Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
- Page 80 and 81: any way a part of the true cave fau
- Page 82 and 83: they have been washed in with soil
- Page 84 and 85: part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
- Page 86 and 87: The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
- Page 88 and 89: associated with true cave waters. P
- Page 90 and 91: Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
- Page 92 and 93: tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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- Page 96 and 97: underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
- Page 98 and 99: the similarities between the distri
- Page 100 and 101: Yucatan but did not identify the sp
- Page 102 and 103: Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
- Page 104 and 105: It indudes five spccies, of which t
- Page 106 and 107: Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
- Page 108 and 109: Records.-Campeche: Volc
- Page 110 and 111: 164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
- Page 112 and 113: Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
- Page 115 and 116: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
- Page 117: the pond which is fed by the cave s
- Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
- Page 123 and 124: Distribution.-Known only from the t
- Page 125 and 126: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
- Page 127 and 128: Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
- Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
- Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
- Page 133 and 134: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
- Page 135 and 136: Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
- Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
- Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
- Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
- Page 143 and 144: Distribution.-Known from two caves
- Page 146 and 147: actually a natural cave artificiall
- Page 148 and 149: Discussion.-This large species has
- Page 150 and 151: and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
- Page 152 and 153: estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
- Page 154 and 155: maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
- Page 156 and 157: Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
- Page 158 and 159: Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
- Page 160 and 161: the cave and in general association
- Page 162 and 163: DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
- Page 164 and 165: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
- Page 166 and 167: family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
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Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
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Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
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263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
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Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
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Three species of short-tailed bats
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abundant in the entrance area of Cu
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Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
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Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
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Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
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Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
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Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
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Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
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Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
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Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
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McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
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Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
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Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
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Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
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Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
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Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
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Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
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Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
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Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
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Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
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mida (Arachnida) in the New World.