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Shrimp: Reddell, 1973d:89.Macrobrachium (part): Hobbs et al., 1977:5, 13, 15,16,50.Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio SanAntonio, 10 km SSW Acathln, Oaxaca, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from two caves nearAcatlan. Oaxaca. See Fig. 15.New record.-Oaxaca: Cueva de la Finca (det. H.H. Hobbs, Jr.).Discussion.-This species is most closely related toM. acherontium. It was taken from pools in associationwith Spelaeomysis olivae, Alpheopsis stygicola,Procambarus (Austrocambarus) oaxacae reddelli, andan undescribed blind catfish of the genus Rhamdia.Neopalaemon nahuatlus Hobbs.Veopalaemon nahuatlus Hobbs, 1973a:25, 26-27, 29,fig. 1-2; Holthuis, 1974: 142; Hobbs et al., 1977:6,8, 11, 12,25,52,53,118, fig. 21; Holthuis, 1977:181.Large blind shrimp: Reddell, 1973d:90.Neopalaemon: Hobbs et aI., 1977:5, l-t, 16,52.Type-Iocality.-Cueva del Guano, 10 km NE Valle, acional, Oaxaca, l\lexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 15.Discussion.-This remarkable troglobite is the onlyknown species in the genus Neopalaemon. Neopalaemonis possibly most closely related to Macrobrachium.The eye pigment and cornea are absent in thisspecies. These large shrimps were found in abundancein a deep permanent stream which runs beneath alarge bat colony. They have been found in associationwith Procambarus (Austrocambarus) oaxacae oaxacae.Troglocubanus perezfarfanteae VillalobosTroglocubanus sp.: Reddell, 1967d:82; Reddell,1971b:26; Reddell and Mitchell, 1971a:143-144;Reddell and Elliott, 1973a: 171.Troglocubanus: Reddell, 1973a:32.Troglocubanus, undescribed species: Holthuis, 1974:142.Troglocubanus perezfarfanteae Villalobos, 1974:1-5,fig. 1-23; Strenth, 1976:13; Hobbs et al., 1977:6,8, 11, 25, 64-66, fig. 30; Holthuis, 1977:181;Mitchell et aI., 1977:49.Troglocubanus (part): Hobbs et al., 1977:5,14,58.Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tinaja, 11.7 km E.NE.Valles, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.Distribution.-Known only from the type-locality.See Fig. 15.Discussion.-This remarkably delicate species hasextremely elongate appendages. The only known specimenwas obtained from near the surface of a deeplake in the deepest part of Sotano de la Tinaja. Itsextreme transparency has probably aided it in escapingnotice during the ex tensive explorations ofcaves in the Sierra de EI Abra. The genus Troglocubanusis otherwise known only from caves in Cuba.This species, therefore, is another of a series ofgroups of marine relicts shared both by the Mexicanmainland and the greater Antilles.Suborder ReptantiaSection MaeruraFamily CambaridaeAlthough crayfishes are frequently found in Mexicancaves and a total of 12 species are recorded, onlythree closely related forms have become troglobitic(see Fig. 16). This is a surprisingly low figure when itis compared with the crayfish fauna of the easternUnited States where more than 20 species and subspecieshave been described as troglobites (Hobbs andBarr, 1972). In addition to the three troglobites listedand discussed below, the following crayfish species,all presumably troglophiles, are known from caves inMexico. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) mirandaiVillalobos inhabits a long, meandering stream passagein Cueva Cerro Hueco, Chiapas (Villalobos, 1954); ithas also been found in Cueva del Arco and Cueva dePaso Burro, Chiapas (Hobbs, 1977). Procambarus (A.)pilosimanus (Ortmann) is a widely distributed speciesin southern Mexico; it is known from a pool in Grutasde Zapaluta, Chiapas, which connects directly with asurface pool (Villalobos, 1955), and from two cavesin Alta Verapaz, Guatemala (Delamare Debouttevilleand Juberthie, 1976). Procambarus (A.) sbordoniiHobbs was described from Cueva del Nacimiooto delRio Santo Domingo, Chiapas (Hobbs, 1977). Procambarus(Ortmannicus) acutus cuevachicae (Hobbs)is found in abundance in Cueva Chica, San Luis Potosi(Hobbs, 1941); it is a widely distributed formthroughout east-central Mexico, but it is not definitelyknown from other caves in the Sierra de EIAbra. Procambarus (0.) toltecae Hobbs is seldom collectedon the surface but has been taken from cavesin the Xilitla and Aquismon regions of San Luis Potosiand fmm Cueva de EI Tenango, Hidalgo. InCueva de EI Tenango it was abundant in the longstream passage which runs through the cave. Procambarus(0.) villalobosi Hobbs is known only fromCueva del Agua, near Rayon, San Luis Potosi (Hobbs,1969b), and from Pozita de Ojo de Agua, San LuisPotosi. This species inhabits both the cave stream anduo
the pond which is fed by the cave stream in Cueva delAgua. Procambarus (Villalobosus) xochitlanae Hobbsis known from Cueva de los Camarones, Puebla(Hobbs, 1975). A new species ofProcambarus (Villalobosus)from caves in the Cuetzalan region of Pueblaawaits description. Procambarus (Paracambarus) ortmanni(Villalobos) was recently collected from astream in Grutas de Olivares, Puebla.Procambarus (Austrocambarus) oaxacae oaxacaeHobbsProcambarus (A ustrocambarus) oaxacae oaxacaeHobbs, 1973a:29, 32-33,38, fig. 3-5; Hobbs et al.,1977:6, 8, 11, 12, 17,26,52,116-118, 152, fig.52.Blind crayfish: Reddell, 1973d:90.GUATEMALAFig. 16.-Distribution of troglobitic and troglophilic decapods of the families Cambaridae, Grapsidae, Pseudothelphusidae,and Trichodactylidae: 1, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) villalobosi; 2, Procambarus (0.) acutus cuevachicae; 3, Procambarus (0.)toltecae; 4, Procambarus (Villalobosus) xochitlanae; 5, Procambarus (V.) xochitlanae and Procambarus (Paracambarus) ortmanni;6, Procambarus (Austrocambarus) rodriguezi and Pseudothelphusa (Tehuana) cordobensis; 7, Procambarus (A.) oaxacaereddelli; 8, Procambarus (A.) oaxacae oaxacae; 9, Trichodactylus (Rodriguezia) bidens; 10, Trichodactylus (R.) mensabak;11, Procambarus (A.) sbordonii; 12, Procambarus (A.) mirandai; 13, Procambarus (A.) pilosimanus; 14, Typhlopseudothelphusamocinoi; 15, Typhlopseudothelphusa mitchelli; 16, Typhlopseudothelphusa juberthiei; 17, lsabellagordonia (Phrygiopilus)longipes; 18,1. (P.) acanthophallus; 19, Sesarma (Holometopus) roberti.111
Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
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Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
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caves studied are many large stream
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unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
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troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
Page 66 and 67: The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
Page 68 and 69: oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
Page 70 and 71: described, the genus occurs in cave
Page 72 and 73: large genus with numerous epigean s
Page 74 and 75: milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
Page 76 and 77: Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
Page 78 and 79: Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
Page 80 and 81: any way a part of the true cave fau
Page 82 and 83: they have been washed in with soil
Page 84 and 85: part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
Page 86 and 87: The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
Page 88 and 89: associated with true cave waters. P
Page 90 and 91: Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
Page 92 and 93: tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
Page 94 and 95: 30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
Page 96 and 97: underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
Page 98 and 99: the similarities between the distri
Page 100 and 101: Yucatan but did not identify the sp
Page 102 and 103: Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
Page 104 and 105: It indudes five spccies, of which t
Page 106 and 107: Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
Page 108 and 109: Records.-Campeche: Volc
Page 110 and 111: 164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
Page 112 and 113: Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
Page 115: Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
Page 119 and 120: philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
Page 121 and 122: Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
Page 123 and 124: Distribution.-Known only from the t
Page 125 and 126: (Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
Page 127 and 128: Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
Page 129 and 130: Discussion.-This is the largest spe
Page 131 and 132: Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
Page 133 and 134: Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
Page 135 and 136: Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
Page 137 and 138: Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
Page 139 and 140: Distribution.-Known only from caves
Page 141 and 142: een collected. It is frequently fou
Page 143 and 144: Distribution.-Known from two caves
Page 146 and 147: actually a natural cave artificiall
Page 148 and 149: Discussion.-This large species has
Page 150 and 151: and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
Page 152 and 153: estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
Page 154 and 155: maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
Page 156 and 157: Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
Page 158 and 159: Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
Page 160 and 161: the cave and in general association
Page 162 and 163: DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
Page 164 and 165: Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
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Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
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Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
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only one species. All known epigean
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nation must await study, but it is
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Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
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Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
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the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
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las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
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Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
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appears to be most closely related
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this is almost certainly M. russell
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Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
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Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
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(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
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the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
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citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
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een found in caves and mines in Yuc
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ground dwelling habit, many beetles
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Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
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Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
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Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
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Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
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(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
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epresented by many species. Tenebri
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Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
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genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
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Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
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263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
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Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
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Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
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TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
Page 254 and 255:
Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
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Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
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sity of bats in the tropics. In add
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Three species of short-tailed bats
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abundant in the entrance area of Cu
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Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
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Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
Page 268 and 269:
Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
Page 270 and 271:
Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
Page 272 and 273:
Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
Page 274 and 275:
Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
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Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
Page 278 and 279:
Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
Page 280 and 281:
McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
Page 282 and 283:
Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
Page 284 and 285:
Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
Page 286 and 287:
Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
Page 288 and 289:
Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
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Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
Page 292 and 293:
Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y se
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Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
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+*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
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Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
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Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
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+Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
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*Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
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*Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
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Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
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Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
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+*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
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*Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
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*Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
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Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
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and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
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*Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
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Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
Page 327 and 328:
Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
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SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
Page 331 and 332:
Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
Page 333:
mida (Arachnida) in the New World.
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