Villa R., B. 1956. Una extrana y severa mortandad de murcieIagosMormoops megalophylla en el norte de Mexico.Anal. Inst. BioI., Mexico, 26:547-552.Villa R., B. 1958. Pteronotus davyi fulvus. EI murcielago deespaldas desnudas en el norte de Sonora, Mexico. Anal.Inst. BioI., Mexico, 29:375-378.Villa R., B. 1963. Reflexiones acerca de la posicion taxonomicade los murcielagos siricoteros de Mexico, generoGlossophaga. Anal. Inst. BioI., Mexico, 34:381-391.Villa R., B. 1967. Los murcielagos de Mexico. Mexico, D. F.:Inst. BioI., Univ. Nac. Auton. Mexico. xvi + 491 Pi'.Villa R., B., and E. L. Cockrum. 1962. Migration in theguano bat Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure). J.Mammal., 43:43-64.Villa R., B., and A. Jimenez G. 1961. Acerca de la posiciontaxonomica de Mormoops megalophyila senicula Rehn, yla presencia de virus rabico en estos murcielagos insectivoros.Anal. Inst. BioI., Mexico, 31:501-509.Villa R., B., and A. Jimenez G. 1962. Tres casos mas de rabiaen los murcielagos de Mexico. Anal. Inst. BioI., Mexico,32:391-395.Villa R., B., and W. Lopez-Forment C. 1966. Cinco casos dedepredacion de pequenos vertebrados en murcielagos deMexico. Anal. Inst. BioI., Mexico, 37:187-193.Villa R., B., G. Meza Ruiz, B. Ortiz Bonilla, and B. Villa Cornejo.1967. Rabia en dos especies de murcielagos insectivorosgenero PteronotIJs, en condiciones naturales, colcctadosen Jalisco, Mexico. Anal. Inst. BioI., lIniv. Nac.Auton. Mexico, 38, Ser. Zool., (1 ):9-16.Villada, M. M. 1910. Reseiia descriptiva y geologica de laGruta de Tonaltongo, del Mineral del Cardonal, que sehalla al paso, y del camino que a aquella conduce, situadosen el estado de Hidalgo. Naturaleza, ser. 3, 1(1 ):2544, pis. 3-10.Villada, M. M. 1911. Breve noticia de un viaje de exploraciona diversos lugares del estado de Veracruz. Naturaleza,ser. 3, 1(2):53-92. pis. 12-21.Villalobos F., A. lY48. Estudios de los cambarinos mexicanos.VII. Descripcion de una nueva especie del generoProcambarus, Procambarus acanthophorus n. sp. Anal.Inst. BioI., Mexico, 19:175-182.Villalobos F., A. 1951. Un nuevo misidaceo de las Grutas deQuintero en el estado de Tamaulipas. Anal. Inst. BioI.,Mexico, 22:191-218.Villalobos F., A. 1953. Distribucion geografica y notas ecologicasde los cambarinos mexicanos. Mem. Congr. Cient.<strong>Mexican</strong>o,7:343-374.Villalobos F., A. 1954. Estudios de los cambarinos mexicanos.XII, Parte 1. Revision de las especies afines a Procambarusmexicanus (Erichson), con descripcion de nuevas<strong>for</strong>m as. Anal. Inst. BioI., Mexico, 25:299-379.Villalobos F., A. 1955. Cambarinos de la fauna mexicana(Crustacea Decapoda). Tesis. Universidad Nacional Autonomade Mexico. 290 pp.Villalobos F., A. 1960. Un anfipodo cavernicola nuevo deMexico: Bogidiella tabascensis n. sp. Anal. Inst. BioI.,Mexico, 31: 317-334.Villalobos Figueroa, A. 1974. Una nueva especie de Troglocubanus(Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae), de SanLuis Potosi, Mexico. Anal. Inst. BioI. Univ. Nac. Auton.,Mexico, 42, Ser. Cienc. Mar Limnol., (l): 1-6.Vinson, G. L. 1962. Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigra·phy of Guatemala. Bull. American Assoc. Petrol. Geol..46:425-456.Vives, E. 1975. Un interessant peix cavemicola. Sec. Invest.Subt. Centre Excurs. (Terrassa), 4: 119-123.Vivo Escoto, .J. A. 1964. Weather and climate of Mexico andCentral America. Pp. 187-215 in R. C. West, ed., Handbookof Middle American Indians, Volume 1: Naturalenvironment and early cultures. Austin: Univ. Texas Press.Vomero, V. 1972. A new species of Jamesonia Dusbabek1967 (Acarina, Trombidi<strong>for</strong>mes, Myobiidae) parasitic onthe vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, with a description ofthe nymphal and larval stages. Quad. Accad. Naz. Lincei,Probl. Att. Sci. Cult., 171(1 ):157-172, pI. 1.Vomero, V. 1973. Stato attuale delle conoscenze sugli Histeridaeipogei.lnternatI.J. Speleol., 5:361-367.Vomero, V. 1974. Troglobacanius n. gen. with four new species,a line of cave-adapted <strong>Mexican</strong> J-Jisteridae (Coleoptera).Quad. Accad. Naz. Lincei, Probl. Au. Sci. Cult.,171(2):325-361.Vomero, V. 1977. Anapleus wenzeli, una nuova specie diDendrophilinae (Col. Histeridae) proveniente da unagroUa del Messico meridionale. Quad. Accad. Naz. Lincei,Probl. Att. Sci. Cult., 171(3):341-348.Voneida, T. J. 1973. A comparative study of retinotectal projectionsin the blind cave characin, Astyanax hubbsi, andits sighted ancestor, Astyanax mexicanus. (Abstr.). Anal.Rec.,175:462-463.Voneida, T. J., and C. !VI. Sligar. 1976. A comparative neuroanatomicstudy of retinal projections in two fishes: Astya·nax hubbsi (the blind cave fish), and Astyanax mexicanus.J. Compo Neurol., 165:89-105.Wagner, F. W. 1977. Descriptions of Centruroides Marx fromthe Yucatan Peninsula (Arachnida, Scorpionida, Buthidae).Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong> Stud. 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Ward, H. L. 1891. Descriptions of three new species of <strong>Mexican</strong>bats. American Nat., 25:743-753.Ward, H. 1. 1904. A study in the variations of proportionsin bats, with brief notes on some of the species mentioned.Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters, 14:630-654, pis. 50-55.Warner, D. W., and J. R. Beer. 1957. Birds and mammals ofthe Mesa de San Diego, Puebla, Mexico. Acta Zoo!' <strong>Mexican</strong>a,2(4-5):1.21, table 1.Warren, R. D. 1961. The obligative cavernicoles of Florida.Spec. Papers Florida Speleol. Soc., 1. 10 pp.Watkins, L. c., J. K. Jones, Jr., and H. H. Genoways. 1972.Bats of Jalisco, Mexico. Spec. Pub!. Mus. Texas TechUniv., 1. 44 pp.Weiss, B. A., and J. L. Martini. 1970. Lateral-line sensitivityin the blind cavefish (Anoptichthys jordani). J. CompoPhysio!. Psycho!., 71:34-37.Welbourn, W. C. 1978. Biology of Ogle <strong>Cave</strong> with a list of thecave fauna of Slaughter Canyon. Natl. Speleo!. Soc. Bull.,40:27-34.West, R. C. 1964. Surface configuration and associated geologyof Middle America. Pp. 33-83 in' R. C. West, ed.,Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume 1:Natural environment and early cultures. Austin: Univ.Texas Press.Wharton, G. W. 1933. Acarina of Yucatan caves. CarnegieInst. Washington Publ., 491:137-152.Wheeler, W. M. 1937. Taxonomic notes on Aeromyrmexoctospinosus Reich. Pp. 69-74 in W. M. Wheeler, Mosaicsand other anomalies among ants. Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard Univ. Press.Wheeler, W. M. 1938. Ants from the caves of Yucatan. CarnegieInst. Washington PubL 491:251·255.Whitacre, 0.1979. Huastecan memories. Chihuahuan DesertDiscovery, 4:7-8.Whitehead, D. R. 1972. Classification, phylogeny, and zoogeographyof Schizogenius Putzeys (Coleoptera: Carabidae:Searitini). Quaest. Entomo!., 8:131-348.Whitl!head, D. R. 1973. Annotated key to Platynus, ineludingMexisphodrus and most "Colpodes", so far describedfrom North America ineluding Mexico (Coleoptera:Carabidae: Agonini). Quest. Entomol., 9:173-217.Whitley, G. P. 1950. New fish names and records. Proc. Roy.Zoo!' Soc. New South Wales, 1949/50:61-68.Whitt, G. S., and F. S. Maeda. 1970. Lactate dehydrogenasegene function in the blind cave fish, Anoptichthys jordani,and other characins. Biochem. Gen., 4:727-741.Wiley, S., and H.. W. Mitchell. 1971. A bibliography of the<strong>Mexican</strong> eyeless characin fishes of the genus Astyanax.Assoc. <strong>Mexican</strong> <strong>Cave</strong> Stud. Bull., 't:231-239.Wilkens, H. 1963. Beitrag zur Degeneration des Auges bei<strong>Cave</strong>rnicolen, Genzahl und Manifestationsart (Untersuchungenan mexikanischen Hohlenfischen). ZooI. Anz.,180:454-464.Wilkens, H. 1970a. Beitrage zur Degeneration des Auges beiCavcmicolen, Genzahl und Manifestationsart. Untersuch.ungen an mexikanischen I-Iohlenfischen. Z. Zool. Syst.Evolutionsf. 8:1--1,7.Wilkens, H. 1970b. Beitrage zur Degeneration des Melaninpigmentsbei cavernicolen Sippen des Astyanax mexicanus(Filippi) (Characidae, Pisces). Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsf.,3:173-199.Wilkens, H. 1970c. Der Bau des Auges cavernicoler Sippenvon Astyanax /asciatus (Characidae, Pisces). Beitrag zurProblematik degenerativer Evolutionsprozesse. WilhelmRoux Arch. Entwickl.-Mech. Org., 166:54-75.Wilkens, H. 1971. Genetic interpretation of regressive evolutionaryprocesses: <strong>Studies</strong> on hybrid eyes of two Astyanaxcave populations (Characidae, Pisces). Evolution,25:530-544.Wilkens, H. 1972a. Uber Praadaptationen fUr das Hohlenleben,untersucht am Laichverhalten ober- und unterirdischerPopulationen des Astyanax mexicanus (Pisces).Zool. Anz., 188:1-11.Wilkens, H. 1972b. Zur phylogenetischen Ruckbildung desAuges <strong>Cave</strong>rnicoler: Untersuchungen an A noptichthys jordani(=Astyanax mexicanus), Characidae, Pisces. Ann.Speleol.,27:411-432.Wilkens, H. 1973a. Anciennete phylogenique et degres dereduction chez les animaux cavernicoles. Ann. Speleol.,28:327-330.Wilkens, H. 1973b. Phylogenetic age and degree of reductionof cave animals. Pp. 203-206 in J. H. Schroder, eds.,Genetics and mutagenesis of fish. New York: SpringerVerlag.Wilkens,H. 1973c. Uberdas phylogenetische Alter von Hohlentieren.Untersuchungen tiber die cavernicole SiisswasserfaunaYucatans. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutions., 11 :49-60.Wilkens, H. 1977a. Genotypic and phenotypic variability incave animals. <strong>Studies</strong> on a phylogenetically young cavepopulation of Astyanax mexicanus (Filippi) (Characidae,Pisces). Ann. Spel
- Page 1:
A REVIEW OF THECAVERNICOLE FAUNA OF
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. 1-----,, ,", ,\'"I/I~" )/Fig. I.-
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collected a troglobitic cirolanid i
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C. Bolivar and J. Carranza investig
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springs in the vicinity of Cautro C
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Cueva del Diablo near Orizaba, Vera
- Page 20 and 21:
Those species of troglobite which h
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Table 2.-(continued)1970. Eodrilus
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CAVE REGIONSOnly the cave regions o
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Table 3.-(continued)TroglobitesTrog
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y the waters of the Amistad Reservo
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Although a few caves in the Norther
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an elevation of about 900 meters. T
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the gryllid cricket Paracophus suba
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has been Jiscussed by Segerstrom (1
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only apparent troglophile is the ps
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The cave fauna of this region is ri
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igneous rock immediately east of th
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Rio Soto la Marina and terminates a
- Page 47 and 48:
caves studied are many large stream
- Page 49 and 50:
unusual species is Neogovea mexasca
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pallidus Rowland, the nesticid spid
- Page 54 and 55:
troglobites: the trichoniscid isopo
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Cambridge, and Pholcophora bispinos
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of the genus Lutzomyia has not been
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The principal cavernous fonnation i
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ocks of Paleocene to Pliocene age.
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Beach and Supra-tidal Zone, the I\o
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The aquatic fauna of Mexico and Cen
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oaxacae Hobbs from the Valle Nacion
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described, the genus occurs in cave
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large genus with numerous epigean s
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milliped, laniatorid harvestmen, an
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Table 4.-Summary of cave inhabiting
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Discussion.-This large, troglobitic
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any way a part of the true cave fau
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they have been washed in with soil
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part of the aquatic fauna. A very l
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The genus Helicodiscus is a signifi
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associated with true cave waters. P
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Family DaphnidaeWilson (1936) repor
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tul), Cueva de San Isidro, Cueva de
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30 m below entrance of Cueva de la
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underflow of rivers, alluvial grave
- Page 98 and 99:
the similarities between the distri
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Yucatan but did not identify the sp
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Protrichoniscus: Reddell, 1967a:24.
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It indudes five spccies, of which t
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Type-locality.-Pozzo, Etla, Oaxaca,
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Records.-Campeche: Volc
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164; Pearse, 1945:167, 168, fig. 13
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Family AtyidaeThe family Atyidae is
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Creaseria morleyi (Creaser)Blind sh
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the pond which is fed by the cave s
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philes. Pseudothelphusa (Pseudothel
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Typhlochactas elliotti MitchellTyph
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Distribution.-Known only from the t
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(Dumitresco and Orghidan, 1977); th
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Leucohya magnifica MuchmoreUndescri
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Discussion.-This is the largest spe
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Type-Iocality.-S6tano de Huitzmolot
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Bartolo is a name applied to two ne
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Rowland, 1975b:19, 20; Dumitresco,
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Type-Iocality.-Actlin Kaua, Yucatan
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Distribution.-Known only from caves
- Page 141 and 142:
een collected. It is frequently fou
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Distribution.-Known from two caves
- Page 146 and 147:
actually a natural cave artificiall
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Discussion.-This large species has
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and T. patellaris Bryant from caves
- Page 152 and 153:
estricted to the Mexican Plateau (s
- Page 154 and 155:
maya Chamberlin and Ivie from Campe
- Page 156 and 157:
Metagonia chiquita GertschMetagonia
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Metagonia capilla: Mitchell and Kaw
- Page 160 and 161:
the cave and in general association
- Page 162 and 163:
DiscWlSion.-This is a delicate, eye
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de Los Sabinos
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family. Clarence and Marie Goodnigh
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n. 2, San Luis Potosi; and K. rugos
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Type-locality.-Cueva de Apoala, San
- Page 172 and 173:
Records.-Chiapas: Sumidero de Canad
- Page 174 and 175:
Family HeterozerconidaeSpecimens of
- Page 176 and 177:
only one species. All known epigean
- Page 178 and 179:
nation must await study, but it is
- Page 180 and 181:
Mexico and Guatemala, and several u
- Page 182 and 183:
Type-locality.-Gruta de Atoyac, Ver
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Records.-San Luis PotOSI: Sotano de
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Records.-Veracruz: Grutas de Atoyac
- Page 188 and 189:
the genus Synoptura and removed the
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known from caves all contain troglo
- Page 192 and 193:
las Perlas, Cueva Chica de la Perra
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Discussion.-This species is distinc
- Page 196 and 197:
Speodesmus pecki ShearPolydesmidae,
- Page 198 and 199:
appears to be most closely related
- Page 200 and 201:
this is almost certainly M. russell
- Page 202 and 203:
Table 21.-Summary of cave inhabitin
- Page 204 and 205:
Type-Iocality.-Cueva Bonita del Pre
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Type-Iocality.-Cueva de El Jobo, El
- Page 208 and 209:
Order DipluraFamily CampodeidaeAlth
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of small soil inhabiting japygoids
- Page 212 and 213:
(Linnaeus) has been collected from
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Cave. Paracophus caecus appears to
- Page 216 and 217:
the most poorly known species in th
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Family EpipsocidaeThe family Epipso
- Page 220 and 221:
citata Van Tyne in Cenote de Piste,
- Page 222 and 223:
een found in caves and mines in Yuc
- Page 224 and 225:
ground dwelling habit, many beetles
- Page 226 and 227:
Type-Iocality.-Sotano de Tejamanil,
- Page 228 and 229:
Vigna Taglianti, 1972:118, 121-127,
- Page 230 and 231:
Veracruz) belongs in another subgen
- Page 232 and 233:
Troglobacanius sbordonii VomeroTrog
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Ptomaphagus (Adelops) is a group of
- Page 236 and 237:
(A.) speLaeus, from Grutas de Cacah
- Page 238 and 239:
epresented by many species. Tenebri
- Page 240 and 241:
Myodopsylla gentilis Jordan and Rot
- Page 242 and 243: genus Pholeomyia have been collecte
- Page 244 and 245: Wheeler (1938) has reported the pre
- Page 246 and 247: 263.264, 265, 267, 270, 273, fig. 5
- Page 248 and 249: Anophthyctys jordani: Stefanelli, 1
- Page 250 and 251: Prietella phreatophila Carranza, 19
- Page 252 and 253: TyphlilJs: Pearse, 1938a:13, 15; Hu
- Page 254 and 255: Family BufonidaeFour species of toa
- Page 256 and 257: Oaxaca; and E. yucatanensis Lynch f
- Page 258 and 259: sity of bats in the tropics. In add
- Page 260 and 261: Three species of short-tailed bats
- Page 262 and 263: abundant in the entrance area of Cu
- Page 264 and 265: Andrews, E. W., IV. 1970. Balankanc
- Page 266 and 267: Bolivar y Pieltain, C. 1940. Explor
- Page 268 and 269: Brignoli, P. M. 1979a. The morpholo
- Page 270 and 271: Conde, B. 1975. Description du prem
- Page 272 and 273: Ediger, G. 1970. The Birthday Passa
- Page 274 and 275: Gonzalez Ochoa, A. 1963b. Relacione
- Page 276 and 277: Hobbs, H. H.,Jr., and T. C. Barr, J
- Page 278 and 279: Jordan, c. B. 1937. Bringing in the
- Page 280 and 281: McKenzie, D. 1965a. Caves of the Si
- Page 282 and 283: Monod, T. 1975. Sur la distribution
- Page 284 and 285: Peck, S. B., and J. J. Lewis. 1977.
- Page 286 and 287: Reddell, J. R., and W. R. Elliott.
- Page 288 and 289: Sanborn, C. C. 1936. Records and me
- Page 290 and 291: Stone, B. 1979. The 1979 San Agusti
- Page 294 and 295: Wimsatt, W. A. 1969. Transient beha
- Page 296 and 297: +*Cueva de los Chivos, 5 km E Altam
- Page 298 and 299: Sumidero Yochib, Yochib, 8 km NE Te
- Page 300 and 301: Serrania del Burro RegionCave, Haci
- Page 302 and 303: +Cueva de Tezoapa, 1.5 km E Acahuiz
- Page 304 and 305: *Gruta Sur de San Bartolo, 9 km S S
- Page 306 and 307: *Cueva del Puente de Fierro, 1.5 km
- Page 308: Cueva de los Riscos, 2 km S Rancho
- Page 311 and 312: Cueva de El Coy-see Cueva del Nacun
- Page 313 and 314: +*Cueva del Aire, 1.8 km at S85°W
- Page 315 and 316: *Sistema Purificacion, Conrado Cast
- Page 317 and 318: *Cueva del Nacimiento del Rio Frio,
- Page 319 and 320: Sotano de Humo, 5 km NW San Andres,
- Page 321 and 322: and Bohor, 1975:25-27, 26m; Reddell
- Page 323 and 324: *Actun Xpukil, 3 km S Calcehtok, Mp
- Page 325 and 326: Appendix 2LIST OF TROGLOBITES BY ST
- Page 327 and 328: Paravachonium superbum-I'seudoscorp
- Page 329 and 330: SUPPLEMENTWhile this manuscript was
- Page 331 and 332: Cambala speobia (Chamberlin) (p. 19
- Page 333: mida (Arachnida) in the New World.