Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders 3rd ed - R. Frances, S. Miller, A. Mack (Guilford, 2005) WW

TABLE 10.1. Pharmacological Characteristics of BenzodiazepinesDrug Trade nameOnset of actionafter oraladministrationRate ofmetabolismMetabolizedprimarily by liveroxidationActivemetabolitesEliminationhalf-life(hours)Maximumusual dose(mg/day)Used primarily to treat anxietyAlprazolam Xanax Intermediate Intermediate Yes Yes 12–15 4100ChlordiazepoxidehydrochlorideLibrium Intermediate Long Yes Yes 5–3010–15Clonazepam a Klonopin Fast Long Yes No 26–30 2Clorazepate a dipotassium Tranxene Fast Long Yes Yes 36–200 60Diazepam a,b Valium Fast Long Yes Yes 20–50 40Halazepam Paxipam Intermediate Long Yes Yes 50–100 160Lorazepam Ativan Intermediate Short No No 10–14 6Oxazepam Serax Slow Short No No 5–10 60Prazepam Centrax Slow Long Yes Yes 36–200 60Used primarily to treat insomniaEstazolam ProSom Fast Short Yes No 10–24 2Dalmane Intermediate Long Yes Yes 40–100 30FlurazepamhydrochlorideQuazepam Doral Fast Long Yes Yes 20–120 30Temazepam Restoril Intermediate Short No Yes 8–12 30Triazolam Halcion Intermediate Short Yes No 2–5 0.25Approved to treat epilepsy.Approved as muscle relaxant.ab227