Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders 3rd ed - R. Frances, S. Miller, A. Mack (Guilford, 2005) WW

Index 677in impulse control disorders, 305, 306,307–308methamphetamine effects, 207–208models of addiction, 9–11neuropsychiatric complications ofAIDS/HIV, 412–414origins of drug liking, 4–6polysubstance use effects, 258–259predisposition to addiction, 4, 11racial/ethnic differences, 326of withdrawal, 6–9, 10Neuroleptic drugs, 606Nicotine. See TobaccoN-methyl-D aspartatealcohol use and, 85, 86–87methamphetamine effects, 208Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,387–389Noradrenalineneurobiology of addiction, 9–10neurobiology of dependence, 7–9Noradrenergic systemin impulse control disorders, 307methamphetamine effects, 208Norepinephrine systemalcohol use and, 85cocaine action, 189, 190, 191Normalization, 3Nortriptylinefor kleptomania, 315for smoking cessation, 590–591Novelty seeking, 82, 255–256Nucleus accumbens, 5, 6OObsessive–compulsive disorders, 305Occupational Safety and Health Act,341Olanzapine, 287cocaine addiction treatment, 202for pathological gambling, 312Ondansetron, 594–595Opioid addiction treatmentdrug–drug interaction risk, 602–603effectiveness, 646–651historical evolution, 24methadone maintenance therapy, 600,601, 639, 646–649normalization in, 3overdose management, 596–597pharmacotherapy, 3, 12–13polydrug use and, 263withdrawal management, 597–600Opioid agonists/antagonistsalcohol relapse prevention, 593–594classification, 380–381for pathological gambling, 309–312See also specific agentOpioidsclassification, 380comorbid alcohol abuse, 79comorbid cocaine abuse, 185, 193dependence, 370epidemics of abuse, 27–28historical use, 17–18, 21HIV infection risk and use of, 416neurobiological action, 4–6overdose, 596–597for pain management, 22, 368, 373–375, 378–387patterns and prevalence of use, 253polysubstance abuse, 251, 259–260side effects, 385–386tolerance, 369tolerance and dependence,neurobiology of, 7–9workplace consumption, 344See also Opioid addiction treatment;specific agentOral contraceptives, 113Osteoporosis, alcohol use and, 95Outpatient treatment, 30–31Overdosebarbiturates, 224cocaine, 185, 190, 201–202heroin, 260mortality, 185opioids, 596–597polysubstance use and, 260Oxazepam, 228, 229, 591Oxycodone, 381