Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders 3rd ed - R. Frances, S. Miller, A. Mack (Guilford, 2005) WW

664 IndexAfrican Americansadolescent substance use patterns, 566alcohol use and abuse, 83, 322, 323–324cocaine use and abuse, 185–186, 325determinants of substance usepatterns, 326effects of socioeconomic status, 324gender differences in substance use,322–323health outcomes of substance use,324–325, 326heroin use, 326HIV risk, 326hypertension among, 324law enforcement experiences, 326–327patterns of substance use, 324–326population statistics, 321smoking patterns, 117, 118treatment issues, 327–328Age-related patterns of substance use.See also Adolescent substance use/abuse; ElderlyAIDS/HIV, 96behavior–immune interactions and,419–420epidemiology, 411implications for drug addictiontreatment, 420–421, 423–425legal issues in addiction treatment,425–426mother-to-infant transmission, 422neuropsychiatric complications, 412–414polysubstance abuse and, 262prevention strategies, 426–427racial/ethnic differences, 326risk factors, 411–412, 427–428substance use and risk of, 415–420testing, 421–423women’s issues, 440Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and MentalHealth Administration, 24–25Alcohol abuse treatmentchallenges, 97–98comorbidity considerations, 98–99with elderly patients, 401–407group therapy, 503–510historical evolution, 23–24patient matching, 644–646pharmacotherapy, 644–646preventive intervention with childrenof alcoholics, 568psychiatric comorbidity and, 273psychiatrist role in, 99psychotherapy, 459relapse detection in, 98relapse prevention pharmacotherapy,593–595self-help approaches, 26–27therapeutic relationship in, 97, 98treatment matching, 644–646withdrawal pharmacotherapy, 591–593See also Alcohol use and abuseAlcohol dehydrogenase, 84Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene, 324, 329Alcoholics Anonymous, 26, 30, 283,284, 328, 469, 511–512, 513, 514,516Alcohol use and abuse, 17amnestic disorder related to, 87–88among adolescents, 560, 561among elderly, 396, 397, 398–401associated personality traits, 256–257beneficial effects of moderate intake,93, 95benzodiazepine use and, 227–228,230–231, 232, 233, 234, 235–236,288, 398, 401, 404, 407, 591blackouts, 359cancer risk and, 96–97cardiovascular complications relatedto, 92–93cognitive impairments associated with,40–41comorbid cocaine use, 188–189, 193comorbid psychiatric disorders, 78–82,98–99, 253, 254, 277, 443–444co-occurring pathological gambling,308–309delirium related to, 87dementia induced by, 88–89diagnosis of abuse or dependence, 76–77