multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part
multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part
multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part
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Table 1. Skills required of trained <strong>tree</strong> breeders and barefoot <strong>tree</strong> breeders <strong>for</strong> agro<strong>for</strong>estry <strong>species</strong>.<br />
Trained <strong>tree</strong> breeder<br />
* Studies of breeding systems<br />
<strong>for</strong> selected <strong>species</strong><br />
* Assistance with taxonomy of selected <strong>species</strong><br />
* Training in hand pollination techniques<br />
* Maintenance of collections from broad<br />
geographic area<br />
Source: Chuntanaparb and MacDicken, 19§9.<br />
Conclusions<br />
Farmers are proven breeders of food, fruit<br />
and <strong>tree</strong> crops. This potential source of skill lies<br />
generally untapped <strong>for</strong> the improvement of<br />
MPTS. Farmers can and do select <strong>tree</strong> <strong>species</strong><br />
<strong>for</strong> a variety of purposes. Their ability to do so<br />
isequivalent to that of trained <strong>tree</strong> breeders<br />
when given the same selection criteria. The<br />
methodology outlined in this paper<br />
demonstrates how the genetic <strong>tree</strong> breeder can<br />
work with the farmer/barefoot <strong>tree</strong> breeder to<br />
accelerate the improvement of MPTS. It is a<br />
methodology which recognizes and combines<br />
the knowledge of the scientist and the<br />
farmer/practitioner,<br />
References<br />
Asby, J.A., C.A. Quiros and Y.M. Rivers. 1989.<br />
Farmer <strong>part</strong>icipation in technology<br />
development: work with crop varieties. In<br />
FarmerFirst, eds. R. Chambers, A. Paccy and<br />
Technology<br />
L.A. Thrupp. Publications. London: Intermediate<br />
Burley, J. 1987. Strategies <strong>for</strong> Genetic<br />
Improvement of Agro<strong>for</strong>estry Trees. In<br />
Agro<strong>for</strong>estry<strong>for</strong> RuralNeeds, eds. P.K. Khosla<br />
and D.K. Khurana. Solan, HP, India: Indian<br />
Society of Tree Scientists.<br />
152<br />
Barefoot <strong>tree</strong> breeder<br />
* Identification of suitable agro<strong>for</strong>estry <strong>tree</strong><br />
<strong>species</strong> <strong>for</strong> improvement<br />
* Selection and cloning of plus <strong>tree</strong>s into<br />
clonal orchards<br />
* Farmer training in selection of ideotypes<br />
and seed collection<br />
* Supervision of early field testing of<br />
progeny from improvement programs<br />
Chuntanaparb, L. and K.G. MacDicken. 1989.<br />
Tree improvement <strong>for</strong> agro<strong>for</strong>estry. In<br />
Applicationsof agro<strong>for</strong>estry<strong>research</strong>in Asia,<br />
eds. M. Avery, C.K. Ong and M.G.R. Cannel.<br />
New Delhi: Ox<strong>for</strong>d IBH Press.<br />
Grandstaff, S.W., T.B. Grandstaff, P.<br />
Rathakette, D.E. Thomas and J.K. Thomas.<br />
1986. Trees in paddy fields in Northeast<br />
Thailand. In Traditionalagriculturein<br />
SoutheastAsia: A huanan ecolog perspective,<br />
ed. G.G. Martin. Boulder, Colorado:<br />
Westview Press.<br />
Palmberg, C. 1989. Research needs in <strong>for</strong>est<br />
<strong>tree</strong> breeding and improvement in developing<br />
countries. Agro<strong>for</strong>estry Systems 9:29-35.<br />
Rhoades, R. 1989. The role of farmers in the<br />
creation of agricultural technology. In Fanner<br />
First,eds. R. Chambers, A. Pacey and L.A.<br />
Thrupp. London: Intermediate Technology<br />
Publications.<br />
Zhu, Z. 1988. A new farming system <br />
Crop/Paulownia intercropping. In<br />
Mullipurpose Tree Species<strong>for</strong> Small-Fann<br />
Use, eds. D. Wiihington, K.G. MacDicken,<br />
C.B. Sastry and N. Adams. Arlington, VA:<br />
Winrock International and IDRC.