multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part

A. heterophyla isplanted in homegardens as well
as inmixed tree gardens. Villagers raise their own
seedlings and transplant them to the fields in the
rainy season.
The desired tree shape has a thick stem, many
branches and a dense canopy. To stimulate
fruiting, ;mall branches and twigs on the main stem
are pruned. Flower buds sprout on the stem where
itwas pruned.
Maesopsiseninii. Tiffs tree species is desirable
because it grows very fast practically anywhere.
The timber isused for construction, the branches
for fuelwood and the leaves for fodder. The
preferred tree form includes a large diameter stem,
a long, clear bole and a dense canopy.
Regeneration takes place naturally, or the natural
seedlings are transplanted to suitable sites.
Karangsari
Physical Characteristics
Desa Karangsari (Karangsari Village) islocated
in the lower part of the Citanduy River basin, 60km
south of the city of Ciamis and about 30km from
the tourist resort town of Pangandaran on the coast
of the Indian Ocean. At an altitude of 50-200m it
has a hot climate compared to Payungagung. The
average rainfall is 1,743 mm/,ear, wit
temperatures between 26-33 C.
The village covers an area of869 hectares, 50%
of which is lowland, 15% is hilly and 35% is
mountainous. Seventy-five percent can be
categorized as fertile, 10% of intermediate fertility,
and 15% is less fertile.
Village Composition
Total residents 3,645
Male
1,803
Female 1,842
Children (0-14) 1,039
Work Force (15-64)
Elderly (over 65)
2,501
105
Graduated from:
Grade school 3,103
Dropouts
115
Middle school 67
High school 25
University
1
26
Most of the villagers are farmers, 34% of the
households are landowners, 12% are
sharecroppers and 32% agricultural laborers.
The remainder of the population is engaged in
industry, trade, government services, handicraft
production and seasonal labor.
Two local languages, Sundanese and
Banyumas Javanese, are spoken in addition to
Bahasa Indonesia. The entire population of
Karangsari isMoslem.
Infrastructure
The road systcn consists of 4km of paved
and 5km of unpaved roads. The provincial road
runs from Banjar to Pangandaran a., facilitates
transportation between the villages. The most
common transportation isby bicycle, used for
both people and goods.
The closest market isin Padaherang, about
3km from Karangsari. For more extensive
purchases, of either food or raw materials for
production, the market at Banjarsari 15km away
is preferred. The Banjarsari market isbigger,
transportation on the provincial road is
relatively easy and the difference in
transportation cost issmall, at Rp 100 per
person.
The government electric service has not yet
reached Karangsari. In other villages, closer to
the cities, electric poles are being inslalled.
Many residents in Karangsari own a radio, but
few people own atelevision set.
Land Use
At the time of the study a reclassification of
land use patterns was being carried out to revise
the data from the 1930s. Tentative results
indicate that the wet rice fields had expanded at
the cost of dryland and swamps.
Agriculture
The prevailing agricultural practices are wet
and dry land cultivation of seasonal and
perennial crops. Production in 1987 included
609 tons of rice, 222 tons of cassava, one ton
each of corn, groundnuts, soybeans and jengkol
(Pithecellobiumn lobattun) and lesser quantities
of various fruits and vegetables.
Wet rice production is less than optimal
because of poor irrigation conditions.
Complaints are being expres-ed about floods in
the rainy season and drought in the dry season.