multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part

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Table 1. Skills required of trained tree breeders and barefoot tree breeders for agroforestry species. Trained tree breeder * Studies of breeding systems for selected species * Assistance with taxonomy of selected species * Training in hand pollination techniques * Maintenance of collections from broad geographic area Source: Chuntanaparb and MacDicken, 19§9. Conclusions Farmers are proven breeders of food, fruit and tree crops. This potential source of skill lies generally untapped for the improvement of MPTS. Farmers can and do select tree species for a variety of purposes. Their ability to do so isequivalent to that of trained tree breeders when given the same selection criteria. The methodology outlined in this paper demonstrates how the genetic tree breeder can work with the farmer/barefoot tree breeder to accelerate the improvement of MPTS. It is a methodology which recognizes and combines the knowledge of the scientist and the farmer/practitioner, References Asby, J.A., C.A. Quiros and Y.M. Rivers. 1989. Farmer participation in technology development: work with crop varieties. In FarmerFirst, eds. R. Chambers, A. Paccy and Technology L.A. Thrupp. Publications. London: Intermediate Burley, J. 1987. Strategies for Genetic Improvement of Agroforestry Trees. In Agroforestryfor RuralNeeds, eds. P.K. Khosla and D.K. Khurana. Solan, HP, India: Indian Society of Tree Scientists. 152 Barefoot tree breeder * Identification of suitable agroforestry tree species for improvement * Selection and cloning of plus trees into clonal orchards * Farmer training in selection of ideotypes and seed collection * Supervision of early field testing of progeny from improvement programs Chuntanaparb, L. and K.G. MacDicken. 1989. Tree improvement for agroforestry. In Applicationsof agroforestryresearchin Asia, eds. M. Avery, C.K. Ong and M.G.R. Cannel. New Delhi: Oxford IBH Press. Grandstaff, S.W., T.B. Grandstaff, P. Rathakette, D.E. Thomas and J.K. Thomas. 1986. Trees in paddy fields in Northeast Thailand. In Traditionalagriculturein SoutheastAsia: A huanan ecolog perspective, ed. G.G. Martin. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Palmberg, C. 1989. Research needs in forest tree breeding and improvement in developing countries. Agroforestry Systems 9:29-35. Rhoades, R. 1989. The role of farmers in the creation of agricultural technology. In Fanner First,eds. R. Chambers, A. Pacey and L.A. Thrupp. London: Intermediate Technology Publications. Zhu, Z. 1988. A new farming system Crop/Paulownia intercropping. In Mullipurpose Tree Speciesfor Small-Fann Use, eds. D. Wiihington, K.G. MacDicken, C.B. Sastry and N. Adams. Arlington, VA: Winrock International and IDRC.
Table 2. General steps required to effectively combine farmer and forest geneticist skills for MPTS improvement. Required steps Pre-screening What species are appropriate targets for farm-level tree improvement? Has any improvement or selection already been done, either by farmers or tree breeders? What genetic resources are available? On-farm selection and improvement Identify practical, achievable ideotypes of the priority species. Select parent trees for first/next stage of testing. Collect propagules from parent trees. Distribute propagules among core of tree breeders and farmers for planting and evaluation, Farmer/barefoot tree breeder resources Knowledge of species which have significant potential value for local use and for which there exist local genetic resources. Knowledge of locally available trees and "indigenous knowledge" of other farmers, Knowledge of potential mother trees for improvement. Ideas on the type of tree which would best fit local needs and markets. Knowledge of and access to local base populations. Experience in handling of plant materials. Easy access to trees in local area. Access to sites for evaluation of improved materials which are likely to be representative of coaditions for other farmers. Forest geneticist resources Knowledge of species or genetic resources which may meet the expressed needs of farmers, but are unknown to them. Case studies of improvement work from scientific and technical literature. Access to germplasm collections made elsewhere plus knowledge of breeding systems and genetic resources. Knowledge of how attainable the desired ideotype may be. Experience in identifying plus trees based on pro-defined criteria. Knowledge of vegetative propagation which may not be known to local farm -rs. Access to experiment station sites and other trained tree breeders who can provide additional evaluations of selected materials.
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Proceedings of an International Con
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MULTIPURPOSE TREE SPECIES RESEARCH
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Session 3: Determining Extension, I
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Preface While a great deal of inter
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Participants of the conference, lad
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The establishment and continued gro
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Session 1: Determining End Uses, De
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preliminary studies. Cross-cultural
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farm and village forestry practices
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group. A village in Thailand or Nep
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fit within the structure of each of
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There is a growing literature on vi
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A. heterophyla isplanted in homegar
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Data Analysis The results of an exe
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Table 1. Dependency test between ho
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Survey and Participant Observation
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used the participant observation me
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needs to stay in the village for an
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A Descriptive Research Method to Es
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Important external data sources for
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Although a discussion of statistica
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demanded by consumers and the payme
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Table 2. Components and goals of th
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through a form of informal collusiv
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Information about the current envir
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importance to Sri Lankan society as
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Table 1. Major aspects considered i
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Table 2. Common perennial species.
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able to purchase basic inputs. Duri
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Session 2: Evaluating the Supply of
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The status of fuelwood utilization
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consume 184,990m 3 of fuclwood per
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References Boonyavechewin, S. and B
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loan, the decision is based on the
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subsidizes poor farmers. The govern
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Table 1. Components and expected ou
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traditional and simple with few exc
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levels. Education curricula should
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Session 3: Determining Extension, I
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or from scientific analysis of such
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Similarly, in another country, tria
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aiming at commercial markets. The t
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Multipurpose Tree Species in Agrofo
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Table 2. Number of fruit trees plan
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Research should be designed to impr
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The majority of farmers can not aff
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and worked with them in both projec
Page 95 and 96: Timber is needed by most of the far
Page 97 and 98: home. In Maharashtra State, several
Page 99 and 100: Methodologies are reviewed for anal
Page 101 and 102: Development (NERAD) Project is an a
Page 103 and 104: small-scale charcoal manufacturing.
Page 105 and 106: Table 1. Hypothetical logit test re
Page 107 and 108: hectare of cultivated land requires
Page 109 and 110: The farmers' choice of species lead
Page 111 and 112: References Abell, T.M.B. 1981. Fucl
Page 113 and 114: Session 4: Orienting Research Effor
Page 115 and 116: Research mus. concentrate on these
Page 117 and 118: esearch scientists. Many crop and f
Page 119 and 120: Improving the Effectiveness of Mult
Page 121 and 122: western half of Timor. It is the po
Page 123 and 124: crops will result in less land bein
Page 125 and 126: compete with the tree crop in the f
Page 127 and 128: Small Farm Multipurpose Tree Specie
Page 129 and 130: The usual solution is to pilot test
Page 131 and 132: The CENRO offices which are scatter
Page 133 and 134: problem and begin work on a solutti
Page 135 and 136: and industrial levels, as well as s
Page 137 and 138: agicultural crops. Many of these ga
Page 139 and 140: woodlot and grow cassava using a cr
Page 141 and 142: local interest in the wo.-k on MPTS
Page 143 and 144: Tree improvemqnt efforts by forest
Page 145: the mother trees for their homegard
Page 149 and 150: Applying Fanning Systems Research C
Page 151 and 152: Planning Diagnosis is only useful i
Page 153 and 154: approach that is already known abou
Page 155 and 156: Research Plans and Metotls Based on
Page 157 and 158: leaves make good fertilizer, althou
Page 159 and 160: Ref.rences Amir, P., R.C. Hawkins a
Page 161 and 162: The growing importance of small-sca
Page 163 and 164: taking into account possible effect
Page 165 and 166: Poster Session Presentations / /
Page 167 and 168: planned bulletiii. are provided, bu
Page 169 and 170: L. leucocephala is the most well kn
Page 171 and 172: Table 4. Probability significance (
Page 173 and 174: Recently, systematic research on im
Page 175 and 176: Table 2. Annual Paulownia exports,
Page 177 and 178: Forest policy formulated in India u
Page 179 and 180: vigorously, reaching the pre-thinne
Page 181 and 182: Table 1. List of species for degrad
Page 183 and 184: Table 3. Productivity potential of
Page 185 and 186: candidate must withstand certain ed
Page 187 and 188: arising from the fact that at the f
Page 189 and 190: Table 1. Soil properties from the e
Page 191 and 192: Table 5. Analysis of variance of Si
Page 193 and 194: Capsule Method of Cultivation in Se
Page 195 and 196: Table 2. Comparison of average stem
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Table 1. Area and species planted i
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Table 4. P.falcataria related enter
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The Marketing System The marketing
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The field trip, organized by the Fo
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213 213 em
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Participants Marian delos Angeles S
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Syed Zahir Sadeque AST/CIDA House 6
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