multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part

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Session 1: Determining End Uses, Demand and Market Potentials Session Chairman: Charles B.Mehl The existing and potential end uses of trees and forest products, the demand for existing multipurpose tree species (MPTS) products, and the existing and potential markets for those products need to be assessed in order for MPTS research and extension programs to be effective tools for rural development. Papers inthis session center on research methods and strategies to assess use and production of trees by small-scale farm households, both for their own use and for sale. Sadeque and Mehl review the rationale and methods for a regional study on existing small farm tree and forest usexractices. They maintain that a basic understanding of the social and economic factors affecting small farm use and production of trees can best be gained through a combination of comparative studies looking at generd socioeconomic trends, and case studies looking at specific issues in depth. They discuss the major design problems of combining flexibility and rigo, in defining and reporting social and economic factors across societies in a regional study, and the ways in which these issues were resolved. Kartasubrata discusses the experiences of a researcher participating in this regional study. He describes field methods and the preliminary results of small farm tree and forest use in two villages in West Java. He provides several suggestions to improve the methodology for regional studies and how to make the study more relevant to the research needs of Indonesia. Lim compares surveys and participant observation, the two most common types of social science field research. He stresses the importance of building trust between the villagers and the researcher, an important aspect of the participant observation method, to obtain reliable information. He recommends a combination of the two methods, with participant observation used to gain sensitive information, and surveys to collect data quickly over an extensive area. Winrock International Bangkok, Thailand 15 In contrast, Priasukmana and Dwiprabowo review research methods to determine demand for MPTS products in commercial markets. They provide a method for comparing products through a hierarchy of product groups, classes, lines and product types. Wickramasinghe describes the methodology used to analyze existing conditions in the dry zone of Sri Lanka and recommends improvements that can contribute to sustainable agricultural systems. She suggests how this approach can be used elsewhere to analyze the potential for introducing agroforestry systems with MPTS. The final paper returns to marketing. Pabuayon analyzes the role of markets in small farm MPTS production in the Philippines. She stresses the need for an efficient market to move MPTS products from the farm to the consumer, and demonstrates how the concept of efficient marketing can be integrated into MPTS research. The recommendations of these papers are many and varied, yet several general issues emerge: - research on social and economic aspects of farmers' use and production of trees and forest products is relatively new, yet it is a rapidly expanding area of study; - while traditional social and economic research methods can cover some of the important issues adequately, new applied research methods are neced to address most social and economic aspects of MPTS production; and - most of the new methods and strategies discussed point out the need to break out of traditional disciplinary boundaries. In conclusion, we should begin to explore the applications of the new methods presented in this session, refine them and conduct
preliminary studies. Cross-cultural and site-specific research should continue to be combined. The ideal combination would be a Wfries of comparative studies that provide information on general trends, and specific case studies that explore social and economic applications and conditions. The results of this research on end uses, demand and markets o( MPTS need to be directed to the work of forestry researchers and extension workers, to focus research efforts on existing small farm practices and needs, and potential markets for small farm MPTS products. Several issues should be given priority for research: - how social and economic conditions common to small farms (small H-)ldirigs, marginal soils, insufficient capital, insecure tenure, and poorly developed markets) affect their production and use of trees; - how MPTS can be improved to correspond to those conditions and meet the needs of small-scale farm households; and - how markets can be developed or made more efficient for small farm MPTS products. 16
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of an International Con
Page 3 and 4: MULTIPURPOSE TREE SPECIES RESEARCH
Page 5 and 6: Session 3: Determining Extension, I
Page 7 and 8: Preface While a great deal of inter
Page 9 and 10: Participants of the conference, lad
Page 11 and 12: The establishment and continued gro
Page 13: Session 1: Determining End Uses, De
Page 17 and 18: farm and village forestry practices
Page 19 and 20: group. A village in Thailand or Nep
Page 21 and 22: fit within the structure of each of
Page 23 and 24: There is a growing literature on vi
Page 25 and 26: A. heterophyla isplanted in homegar
Page 27 and 28: Data Analysis The results of an exe
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. Dependency test between ho
Page 31 and 32: Survey and Participant Observation
Page 33 and 34: used the participant observation me
Page 35 and 36: needs to stay in the village for an
Page 37 and 38: A Descriptive Research Method to Es
Page 39 and 40: Important external data sources for
Page 41 and 42: Although a discussion of statistica
Page 43 and 44: demanded by consumers and the payme
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Components and goals of th
Page 47 and 48: through a form of informal collusiv
Page 49 and 50: Information about the current envir
Page 51 and 52: importance to Sri Lankan society as
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. Major aspects considered i
Page 55 and 56: Table 2. Common perennial species.
Page 57 and 58: able to purchase basic inputs. Duri
Page 59 and 60: Session 2: Evaluating the Supply of
Page 61 and 62: The status of fuelwood utilization
Page 63 and 64: consume 184,990m 3 of fuclwood per
Page 65 and 66:
References Boonyavechewin, S. and B
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loan, the decision is based on the
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subsidizes poor farmers. The govern
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Table 1. Components and expected ou
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traditional and simple with few exc
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levels. Education curricula should
Page 77 and 78:
Session 3: Determining Extension, I
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or from scientific analysis of such
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Similarly, in another country, tria
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aiming at commercial markets. The t
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Multipurpose Tree Species in Agrofo
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Table 2. Number of fruit trees plan
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Research should be designed to impr
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The majority of farmers can not aff
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and worked with them in both projec
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Timber is needed by most of the far
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home. In Maharashtra State, several
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Methodologies are reviewed for anal
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Development (NERAD) Project is an a
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small-scale charcoal manufacturing.
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Table 1. Hypothetical logit test re
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hectare of cultivated land requires
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The farmers' choice of species lead
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References Abell, T.M.B. 1981. Fucl
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Session 4: Orienting Research Effor
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Research mus. concentrate on these
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esearch scientists. Many crop and f
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Improving the Effectiveness of Mult
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western half of Timor. It is the po
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crops will result in less land bein
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compete with the tree crop in the f
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Small Farm Multipurpose Tree Specie
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The usual solution is to pilot test
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The CENRO offices which are scatter
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problem and begin work on a solutti
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and industrial levels, as well as s
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agicultural crops. Many of these ga
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woodlot and grow cassava using a cr
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local interest in the wo.-k on MPTS
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Tree improvemqnt efforts by forest
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the mother trees for their homegard
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Table 2. General steps required to
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Applying Fanning Systems Research C
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Planning Diagnosis is only useful i
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approach that is already known abou
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Research Plans and Metotls Based on
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leaves make good fertilizer, althou
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Ref.rences Amir, P., R.C. Hawkins a
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The growing importance of small-sca
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taking into account possible effect
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Poster Session Presentations / /
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planned bulletiii. are provided, bu
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L. leucocephala is the most well kn
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Table 4. Probability significance (
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Recently, systematic research on im
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Table 2. Annual Paulownia exports,
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Forest policy formulated in India u
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vigorously, reaching the pre-thinne
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Table 1. List of species for degrad
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Table 3. Productivity potential of
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candidate must withstand certain ed
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arising from the fact that at the f
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Table 1. Soil properties from the e
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Table 5. Analysis of variance of Si
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Capsule Method of Cultivation in Se
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Table 2. Comparison of average stem
Page 197 and 198:
Table 1. Area and species planted i
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Table 4. P.falcataria related enter
Page 201 and 202:
The Marketing System The marketing
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The field trip, organized by the Fo
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213 213 em
Page 207 and 208:
Participants Marian delos Angeles S
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Syed Zahir Sadeque AST/CIDA House 6
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