multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part

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Evans, J. 1988. Overview of Tree Planting on Small Farms in the Tropics. In MultipurposeTree Species ForSmall-Fann Use, eds. D. Withington, K.G. MacDicken, C.B. Sastry and N. Adams, pp. A^twni, 26-30. Arlington, Virginia: Winrock International and the International Development Research Centre of Canada (IDRC). Lociio, U, P, .j...Ani Its [r,.. F/FRED. 1988.Asia Interim ProressReport. '.,, \ ,. _ Bangkok: Winrock International. Freeman, H.E. and C.C. Sherwood. 1970. Social \ Research and Social Policy. New Jersey: I TAPA,. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Jabil, A.K. 1969. A two veck visit to the Islands of Java and Bali. Ri,'nha Mtuda 5(1):10-1S. Lee, R.L.M. 1982. Anthropological and Sociological Fieldwork in Malaysia: problemsww-N and prospects. Alazusia dan Aasvaraka, New Series 3:1-5. LANGKAP ]IDOR C Malla, Y.B. and R.J. Fishcr. 1987. Planting Trees STREAM on Private Farmland in Nepal: the Equity Aspect. In MultipurposeTree Speciev ForSmall-FanliUse, KUALA BKAM eds. D. Withington, K.G. MacDicl:en, C.B. Sastry AAEUAS and N. Adams, pp. 166-174. Arlington, Virginia: CHANGAT Wirrock International and IDRC. JONG Sastrapradja, S. 1989. The use of multipurpose tree snecics for rural communities. Paper presented .* . at Pettemuan Koordinasi, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Jenis Pohon Serbaguna (MPTS), LEGEND Bogor: Pusat Litbang. ' Soctrisno, L. 1989. Socioeconomic aspects of _0 T / multipurpose tree species for rural communities. ... - Paper presented at Pertemuan Koordinasi, 4-w ... Penelitian dan Pengembangan Jenis Pohon 9-1 m 0 Serbaguna (MPTS), Bogor: Pusat Litbang. _ ____.__ Thcodorson, G.A. and A.G. Theodorson. 1969. Modern Dictionar , ofSociolog. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. 37
A Descriptive Research Method to Estimate Demand and MarketPotential of Multipurpose Tree Species Products Soetarso Priasuknana and Hariyatno Dwiprabowo Three commonly used research methods include exploratory research, descriptive research and causal research. The major emphasis in exploratory research is the discovery of ideas and insights. Descriptive research determines the frequency of an event o'the relationship between two variables. It isguided by an initial hypothesis, such as the trend in consumption of a product with respect to a variety of variables. The causal research method determines the cause and effects of relationships. It is typically an experimental approach, since experiments are designed to determine cause and effect. These three methods can be considered as stages in a continuous process. Exploratory research is often the initial step in this process. tree Demand species (MPTS) and market can be potential determined of multipurpose through a mreIng marketing eseM research a approach, prc whmisned which is considered through a descriptive research. The descriptive research method is applied when the purpose is either to describe the characteristics descibethecharcteistcs of o agroup a rou of oflevel, consumers with respect to their consumption of products, or to estimate the percent of the population behaving in a specified manner. As humans, consumers are unpredictable to a certain degree. Their needs and aspirations are constantly. changing. Psychology, anthropology, sociology, economics and statistics have all helped to improve market research. The application of market-research to MPTS products is quite important. The results can be used for planning, problem solving or as a control. Market size, location, acceptability of the product, consumer preferences and reactions, packaging, product alternatives and competitiveness can be identified. Informazion obtained through market research includes (Lazo 1977): -the competitive advantage of MPTS products; - acceptance of a product in the market; - available supply of products; - economic factors affecting sales; Fo-estq Research Institute Samarinda, Indonesia 38 - specific characteristics of a market by region; - potential market by territory; - market trends; - evaluation of present sales methods and policies; - determining relative market profitability; - distribution costs; - price studies; - determining the source of customers' dissatisfaction; and - forecast of market potential and estimated demand. The Basic Concept of Demand, Market and Product In estimating demand, according to Stanton I siaigdmnacrigt tno (1984), three aspects that need to be considered a ep o u t ,w i hi c u ep o u tv ra t product class, product line, company sales, industrial sales, and national sales; geographic whether at the village, sub-regional, regional, national, or international level; and time scale, whether short-term (1-5 years), medium range (5-10 years), or long range (10 years or more). To identify the market of a particular product, five types should be considered: total market, potetitial market, available market, served marlet and accessed market. In calculating the potential market of a particular product the interest of the buyer, income level and purchasing power are important considerations. In product development, three factors should be known in order to access the market: the principal use of the product; features related to quality, brand, packaging, and size; and after sales services, guarantees, transportation, and credit.
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of an International Con
Page 3 and 4: MULTIPURPOSE TREE SPECIES RESEARCH
Page 5 and 6: Session 3: Determining Extension, I
Page 7 and 8: Preface While a great deal of inter
Page 9 and 10: Participants of the conference, lad
Page 11 and 12: The establishment and continued gro
Page 13 and 14: Session 1: Determining End Uses, De
Page 15 and 16: preliminary studies. Cross-cultural
Page 17 and 18: farm and village forestry practices
Page 19 and 20: group. A village in Thailand or Nep
Page 21 and 22: fit within the structure of each of
Page 23 and 24: There is a growing literature on vi
Page 25 and 26: A. heterophyla isplanted in homegar
Page 27 and 28: Data Analysis The results of an exe
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. Dependency test between ho
Page 31 and 32: Survey and Participant Observation
Page 33 and 34: used the participant observation me
Page 35: needs to stay in the village for an
Page 39 and 40: Important external data sources for
Page 41 and 42: Although a discussion of statistica
Page 43 and 44: demanded by consumers and the payme
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Components and goals of th
Page 47 and 48: through a form of informal collusiv
Page 49 and 50: Information about the current envir
Page 51 and 52: importance to Sri Lankan society as
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. Major aspects considered i
Page 55 and 56: Table 2. Common perennial species.
Page 57 and 58: able to purchase basic inputs. Duri
Page 59 and 60: Session 2: Evaluating the Supply of
Page 61 and 62: The status of fuelwood utilization
Page 63 and 64: consume 184,990m 3 of fuclwood per
Page 65 and 66: References Boonyavechewin, S. and B
Page 67 and 68: loan, the decision is based on the
Page 69 and 70: subsidizes poor farmers. The govern
Page 71 and 72: Table 1. Components and expected ou
Page 73 and 74: traditional and simple with few exc
Page 75 and 76: levels. Education curricula should
Page 77 and 78: Session 3: Determining Extension, I
Page 79 and 80: or from scientific analysis of such
Page 81 and 82: Similarly, in another country, tria
Page 83 and 84: aiming at commercial markets. The t
Page 85 and 86: Multipurpose Tree Species in Agrofo
Page 87 and 88:
Table 2. Number of fruit trees plan
Page 89 and 90:
Research should be designed to impr
Page 91 and 92:
The majority of farmers can not aff
Page 93 and 94:
and worked with them in both projec
Page 95 and 96:
Timber is needed by most of the far
Page 97 and 98:
home. In Maharashtra State, several
Page 99 and 100:
Methodologies are reviewed for anal
Page 101 and 102:
Development (NERAD) Project is an a
Page 103 and 104:
small-scale charcoal manufacturing.
Page 105 and 106:
Table 1. Hypothetical logit test re
Page 107 and 108:
hectare of cultivated land requires
Page 109 and 110:
The farmers' choice of species lead
Page 111 and 112:
References Abell, T.M.B. 1981. Fucl
Page 113 and 114:
Session 4: Orienting Research Effor
Page 115 and 116:
Research mus. concentrate on these
Page 117 and 118:
esearch scientists. Many crop and f
Page 119 and 120:
Improving the Effectiveness of Mult
Page 121 and 122:
western half of Timor. It is the po
Page 123 and 124:
crops will result in less land bein
Page 125 and 126:
compete with the tree crop in the f
Page 127 and 128:
Small Farm Multipurpose Tree Specie
Page 129 and 130:
The usual solution is to pilot test
Page 131 and 132:
The CENRO offices which are scatter
Page 133 and 134:
problem and begin work on a solutti
Page 135 and 136:
and industrial levels, as well as s
Page 137 and 138:
agicultural crops. Many of these ga
Page 139 and 140:
woodlot and grow cassava using a cr
Page 141 and 142:
local interest in the wo.-k on MPTS
Page 143 and 144:
Tree improvemqnt efforts by forest
Page 145 and 146:
the mother trees for their homegard
Page 147 and 148:
Table 2. General steps required to
Page 149 and 150:
Applying Fanning Systems Research C
Page 151 and 152:
Planning Diagnosis is only useful i
Page 153 and 154:
approach that is already known abou
Page 155 and 156:
Research Plans and Metotls Based on
Page 157 and 158:
leaves make good fertilizer, althou
Page 159 and 160:
Ref.rences Amir, P., R.C. Hawkins a
Page 161 and 162:
The growing importance of small-sca
Page 163 and 164:
taking into account possible effect
Page 165 and 166:
Poster Session Presentations / /
Page 167 and 168:
planned bulletiii. are provided, bu
Page 169 and 170:
L. leucocephala is the most well kn
Page 171 and 172:
Table 4. Probability significance (
Page 173 and 174:
Recently, systematic research on im
Page 175 and 176:
Table 2. Annual Paulownia exports,
Page 177 and 178:
Forest policy formulated in India u
Page 179 and 180:
vigorously, reaching the pre-thinne
Page 181 and 182:
Table 1. List of species for degrad
Page 183 and 184:
Table 3. Productivity potential of
Page 185 and 186:
candidate must withstand certain ed
Page 187 and 188:
arising from the fact that at the f
Page 189 and 190:
Table 1. Soil properties from the e
Page 191 and 192:
Table 5. Analysis of variance of Si
Page 193 and 194:
Capsule Method of Cultivation in Se
Page 195 and 196:
Table 2. Comparison of average stem
Page 197 and 198:
Table 1. Area and species planted i
Page 199 and 200:
Table 4. P.falcataria related enter
Page 201 and 202:
The Marketing System The marketing
Page 203 and 204:
The field trip, organized by the Fo
Page 205 and 206:
213 213 em
Page 207 and 208:
Participants Marian delos Angeles S
Page 209:
Syed Zahir Sadeque AST/CIDA House 6
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