multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part

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Social Acceptability ofMultipurpose Tree Species for Community-Based Tree Farms in Magallones, Calmgan, Isabela, Philippines The study aims to determine how the farmers' experience and knowledge about the attributes of selected MPTS affect their choices of tree crops for farm use. The extent of use of the species by the farmer and the perception of its suitability as a farm crop were usod as measures to determine the level of preference. Results of Fisher's Exact Probability Test at the 5% level of probability show that the farmers' awareness of the multiple uses of the species as well as its availability in the local area significantly affect their choice. Except for knowledge of the species' growth features, other factors such as knowledge of the agroforestry potential, presence of government support, and occurrence of associated problems also affect their decisions. Therefore, to enhance the adoption of unfamiliar MPTS among farmers, focalized training in agroforestry practices, appropriate extension strategies, and seed/seedling distribution are necessary. Emphasis should be focused on the farmer's livelihood as well as on the impact of tree farming on this standard of living as it affects the farm family's socioeconomic status and the immediate environment, Methodology A social survey was conducted using personal interviews with 31 respondents chosen at random from 92 heads of household at Centro Magallones, Cabagan, Isabela, Philippines. The respondent's preference for selected MPTS was assessed in terms of prior experience in using the species as well as perceptions about their importance. In concept, the hypothesized relationship between variable factors is defined as: U = f(Xh X) P = f X3, X4, X5, X6) Paulo Nicolas Pasicolan Isabela State Uniwrsity Cabagan, Isabela, Philippins 175 Where: FP U P X1 = = = = X2 = farmer's preference extent of use of the species perception of the importance of the species recognition of the availability of the species inthe local area recognition of the species' multiple uses X3 = knowledge of the species' growth X4 X5 = = X6 = features knowledge of the species' agroforestry potential awareness of the presence of government/non-governmental organization (GO/NGO) support and related programs awareness of drawbacks/problems associated with the species Fisher's Exact Probability Test (at a = 5%) was used to determine the level of significance of the various correlates to farmer's preference. Frequency counting was used to measure the individual degree of preference among five test species: Leucaena lctcocephala,Acacia aticulifonmis,A. mangiumn, Gliricidia sepium and L. diversifolia. Results Recognition of the availability of the species in the local area Among the five species subjected to the awareness test, L. Icucocephalaranked highest, followed by G. sepiutm (Table 1). The least known species were L. diversifolia,A. atriculifonnisand A. mnangilm, which are rarely planted inthe area. Recognition of'multiple uses of the species Three species were selected for comparative investigation --L. leucocephala, A. atriculifonnisand A. mangi; . Among these,
L. leucocephala is the most well known with fuelwood, posts and fodde, as its most commcnly known uses (Table 2). Both A. auricilifonzis and A. manbrium scored low in the assessment, an indication of the absence of previous information about their features and uses. Extent of utilization of the species The abundance of L. leucocephalamakes it the most utilized MPTS with fuelwood, fodder, posts, and fencing as the major uses (Table 3). This is in con' -ast toA. auriculifornisandA. mangitin which are -egarded as ornamental trees. Effect of farmer's awareness of the multiple uses and local availability of tie species on the extent of its use Results of Fisher's Exact Probability Test show that both awareness of the multiple uses of the species and its local availability significantly affect the farmer's extent of use of the test species (Table 4). This implies that the farmcr's previous experience with certain MPTS influences his/her preference for such species. Effect of farmer's knowledge about attributes of the species Except for the respondents' knowledge of the species' growth features, knowledge about the species' agroforestry potential, presence of GO/NGO supports and the occurrences of associated problems significantly affect the choice of species for farm use (Table 5). Implication of Results The farmers' knowledge of the test species' growth features has no significant effect on the choice of tree crop for farm use. The great majority of the respondents are not familiar with the growth characteristics of the test species. The availability of plantiig materials and where to obtain free MPTS seeds and seedlings for trial testing is of more immediate concern to the farmers, The farmer's awareness of the species' agroforestry potential significantly affects the preference for such species. This means that farmers are highly motivated to adopt MPTS if they recognize the direct benefits for their farming system. The existence of GO/NGO se -port and related programs f.tvoring the adoption of'the test species 176 affects the farmer's preference for such species. The advent of radio programs promoting the uses of leucaena increased the species' desirability among respondents. This promotion together with the wide proliferation of agroforestry projects with leucaena as the tree crop component enhanced the wide acceptability of the species in the area. The farmer's awareness of drawbacks and problems associated with the test species affects the preference u, such species. Almost all respondents arm ,ware o the psyllid infestation of leucaena. Of the 26 respondents who recognized the problem, only one signified a preference for the species (Appendix). However, in terms of individual species preference, the majority of the respondents still prefer leucaena over the other test species. Conclusion/Policy Implications The long experience of most upland farmers in the area with certain MPTS greatly influences their preference for those species for farm use. This implies the need to increase the accessibility of unfamiliar MPTS to the farmers for them to gain exp.-rience with the feasibility of such species for farm use. The high correlation between the farmers' awareness of the agroforestry potential of MPI S and its acceptability as a farm crop reveals the need for localized farmers' training in agroforestry. Demonstration farms need to be established for instruction and species trials. The greater concern of most farmers for the acquisition of MPTS seeds/seedlings over knowledge of their growth characteristics strongly suggests the need for community nurseries. Such nurseries can be managed by the villagers. Prior to promotin, any MPTS there is a need to determine the compatibility of the species with the current daily and socioeconomic needs of the villagers. A follow-up action-research study should be conducted with the incorporation of each development stage, ic. seedling production, farmers' training in agroforestry, and establishment of demonstration farms. This is to provide a sufficient basis to determine the social acceptability of newly introd,'ed MPTS in terms of field adoption.
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Proceedings of an International Con
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MULTIPURPOSE TREE SPECIES RESEARCH
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Session 3: Determining Extension, I
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Preface While a great deal of inter
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Participants of the conference, lad
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The establishment and continued gro
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Session 1: Determining End Uses, De
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preliminary studies. Cross-cultural
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farm and village forestry practices
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group. A village in Thailand or Nep
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fit within the structure of each of
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There is a growing literature on vi
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A. heterophyla isplanted in homegar
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Data Analysis The results of an exe
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Table 1. Dependency test between ho
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Survey and Participant Observation
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used the participant observation me
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needs to stay in the village for an
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A Descriptive Research Method to Es
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Important external data sources for
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Although a discussion of statistica
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demanded by consumers and the payme
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Table 2. Components and goals of th
Page 47 and 48:
through a form of informal collusiv
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Information about the current envir
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importance to Sri Lankan society as
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Table 1. Major aspects considered i
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Table 2. Common perennial species.
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able to purchase basic inputs. Duri
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Session 2: Evaluating the Supply of
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The status of fuelwood utilization
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consume 184,990m 3 of fuclwood per
Page 65 and 66:
References Boonyavechewin, S. and B
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loan, the decision is based on the
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subsidizes poor farmers. The govern
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Table 1. Components and expected ou
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traditional and simple with few exc
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levels. Education curricula should
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Session 3: Determining Extension, I
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or from scientific analysis of such
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Similarly, in another country, tria
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aiming at commercial markets. The t
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Multipurpose Tree Species in Agrofo
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Table 2. Number of fruit trees plan
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Research should be designed to impr
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The majority of farmers can not aff
Page 93 and 94:
and worked with them in both projec
Page 95 and 96:
Timber is needed by most of the far
Page 97 and 98:
home. In Maharashtra State, several
Page 99 and 100:
Methodologies are reviewed for anal
Page 101 and 102:
Development (NERAD) Project is an a
Page 103 and 104:
small-scale charcoal manufacturing.
Page 105 and 106:
Table 1. Hypothetical logit test re
Page 107 and 108:
hectare of cultivated land requires
Page 109 and 110:
The farmers' choice of species lead
Page 111 and 112:
References Abell, T.M.B. 1981. Fucl
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Session 4: Orienting Research Effor
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Research mus. concentrate on these
Page 117 and 118: esearch scientists. Many crop and f
Page 119 and 120: Improving the Effectiveness of Mult
Page 121 and 122: western half of Timor. It is the po
Page 123 and 124: crops will result in less land bein
Page 125 and 126: compete with the tree crop in the f
Page 127 and 128: Small Farm Multipurpose Tree Specie
Page 129 and 130: The usual solution is to pilot test
Page 131 and 132: The CENRO offices which are scatter
Page 133 and 134: problem and begin work on a solutti
Page 135 and 136: and industrial levels, as well as s
Page 137 and 138: agicultural crops. Many of these ga
Page 139 and 140: woodlot and grow cassava using a cr
Page 141 and 142: local interest in the wo.-k on MPTS
Page 143 and 144: Tree improvemqnt efforts by forest
Page 145 and 146: the mother trees for their homegard
Page 147 and 148: Table 2. General steps required to
Page 149 and 150: Applying Fanning Systems Research C
Page 151 and 152: Planning Diagnosis is only useful i
Page 153 and 154: approach that is already known abou
Page 155 and 156: Research Plans and Metotls Based on
Page 157 and 158: leaves make good fertilizer, althou
Page 159 and 160: Ref.rences Amir, P., R.C. Hawkins a
Page 161 and 162: The growing importance of small-sca
Page 163 and 164: taking into account possible effect
Page 165 and 166: Poster Session Presentations / /
Page 167: planned bulletiii. are provided, bu
Page 171 and 172: Table 4. Probability significance (
Page 173 and 174: Recently, systematic research on im
Page 175 and 176: Table 2. Annual Paulownia exports,
Page 177 and 178: Forest policy formulated in India u
Page 179 and 180: vigorously, reaching the pre-thinne
Page 181 and 182: Table 1. List of species for degrad
Page 183 and 184: Table 3. Productivity potential of
Page 185 and 186: candidate must withstand certain ed
Page 187 and 188: arising from the fact that at the f
Page 189 and 190: Table 1. Soil properties from the e
Page 191 and 192: Table 5. Analysis of variance of Si
Page 193 and 194: Capsule Method of Cultivation in Se
Page 195 and 196: Table 2. Comparison of average stem
Page 197 and 198: Table 1. Area and species planted i
Page 199 and 200: Table 4. P.falcataria related enter
Page 201 and 202: The Marketing System The marketing
Page 203 and 204: The field trip, organized by the Fo
Page 205 and 206: 213 213 em
Page 207 and 208: Participants Marian delos Angeles S
Page 209: Syed Zahir Sadeque AST/CIDA House 6
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