multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part

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ACase Study on Small-Scale Farm Use ofJeungjing (Paravivahesfalcattvia)inSukabumi, West Java AkubJ. Abdurachman, Osly Rachman and Nana Supriana The main focus of forestry at the present time isto produce raw materials for commercial use. However, attention needs to be focu'.cd on the welfare of the communitic.,, in rural areas, where poverty is a major problem. Under these conditions it isextremely difficult to meet daily needs for fuelwood, building supplies, and fodder for livestock. To meet Ihes,. ne ds, villagei, lying near forested areas tend to destroy the forest. That quickly leads to erosion, causing floods and loss of soil fertility which has a deva.tating impact on agricultural production. Introducing multipurpose trce species (MPTS) is one way to help in reversing deforestation while meeting the needs of rural residents. In the Sukabumi ristrict of West Java the most popillar MPTS isJ,ungjing (Paras'rianthsfalcataria). P. falcatariahas long been plantcd by the villagers in their fields or gardens in agroforestry associations with crops, especially in the wesiern and southern parts of Sukabumi. The wood is used for building supplies, boxes, furniture, household needs, etc. For the last five years P.falcatariafrom the Sukabumi District has ben usedas a raw material in both the paper and molding in'iustrie. The purpose of this paper isto review some of the uses of P.falcatariain the rural communities of Sukatblimi, and to propose se''..ral iecommendations for the ci cation of i rc.carch and development strategy. Technical Profile Potential P.falcataria has been pianted in Sukabuni since the turn of the century, having originated in Maluku. It isplanted on almost any available community land either in mixed associations or in pure stands. Several factors that promote its planting are its rapid growth, tlie availability of ready markets, and government cncouragenvnt. 'Note: Parascriantl/s faicataria was previously known asAlbiziafalcataia andAlhi:iafalcata. Forest Prtdul sRescarch and D-elopment Centre Bogor, Indonesia 2(13 P. falcataria is commonly planted at a spacing of 2x3m, with a density varying betwecn 1,600 and 2,(XX) trees/ha. Thinning can be applied when the ti ces are two years old and can be repeated every two years thereafter. After 6-7 years, stands are clear-cut. By that time, the density is approximately 2(M trees/ha with an average diameter of 28cm and a hcight of 22m. Based on these data, wood production of P. falcatqria in Sukabumi is approximately 271 ni/ha. Data collected on the community forests by Sukabumi's Sub Office of Forestry Research (RLKT), Region IV, Wc:i .ava (1987) are summarized in Tahlc I. In addition to community forests, P. falcatariahas been planted by the Pcrum Pcrhutani (the State Forest Lntcrprisc) since 1985. Details follow in Table 2. In Sukahumi, 67,431ha have been set aside for production forest use. By the end of 1988, 9,829ha were still available for planting under the 1989-93 Reforestation Plan using fist growing species such as jeungiing, sungkai, Acacia, and pine. Based on data gathered from the Balai RL.K'' (Forestry Research Office), Region IV, West Java, plantings and stands owned bv the commuiities anmountcd to 17,954ha'in 198'). A program is planned to encourage further planting of P. falcataria in the district. IPropertie,; and 11tilization P.falcataria fromnSukabunii varies in color from white to pinkish. The preferred color is light white for manufacturing furniture, moiding and furniture components for export. There is no clear explanation for !icdifference in color. Many villagers believe that trees cut after reaching the age of seven ycars wil, result in a pinkish colored wood. ()thers claim that growth on differing sites may affect the color. Gcneral properties of P. fahataria reported to the author are presented in Table 3.
Table 1. Area and species planted in Sukabumi community forests. Tree species Jeunihig (P.falcataria) Manii (Maesopsiseminii) Mahoni (Swietenia nahagani) Jabon (Antocephaluschinensis) Puspa (Schirnawallichii) Others Source: Sukabumi/Balai RLKT Ciujung - Ciliwung, DS (1986). Table 2. Pei um Perhutani's Plantations of P.fqlcataria. Year of planting Area (ha) 1985 7 1987 32 1989 1,008* Total 1,047 *Note: Planting goal for 1989. Source: Perum Perhutani, KPH Sukabumi (1988). Recently developed sawmills in the.Sukabumi District use circular saw blades powered by car engines. Yields of usable wood produced by this method range from 40-50 percent. These milling techniques could be improved as they produce sawn wood with rough, rather hairy surfaces. Blue stain prevention methods include using freshly cut logs as a raw material and air drying the sawn timber in the sun. Secondary wood processing industries common to the district include the manufacture of tea boxes, soap boxes, and crates for bottled drinks and soy sauce bottles. Cottage industries producing boxes are run either by a single family employing 2-3 people or as a small scale enterprise of 6-15 employees. In the past several years P.facatafia use in 204 Location Area (ha) 718.50 159.25 10.75 1.50 0.50 8.00 Cikawung Cikawung Cikawung, Lengkong, P. Ratu, Segaranten rural areas has expanded into furniture manufacturing, especially beds with carved headboards, and carved handicrafts. The consumers are generally low income villagers from the surrounding communities. Processed wood products are in great demand and can be marketed as far as Sumatra. One particular facto'ry in Cibeureum with 30 employees is capable of producing 20 sets of carved beds per day. A listing of enterprises and their location is presented in Table 4. Economic Profile Planting of P.falcatariaby the villagers is normally not on a commercial scale. They generally plant on their own unused land to earn supplementary income. The planting process is relatively simple, following the traditional
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Proceedings of an International Con
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MULTIPURPOSE TREE SPECIES RESEARCH
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Session 3: Determining Extension, I
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Preface While a great deal of inter
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Participants of the conference, lad
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The establishment and continued gro
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Session 1: Determining End Uses, De
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preliminary studies. Cross-cultural
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farm and village forestry practices
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group. A village in Thailand or Nep
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fit within the structure of each of
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There is a growing literature on vi
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A. heterophyla isplanted in homegar
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Data Analysis The results of an exe
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Table 1. Dependency test between ho
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Survey and Participant Observation
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used the participant observation me
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needs to stay in the village for an
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A Descriptive Research Method to Es
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Important external data sources for
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Although a discussion of statistica
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demanded by consumers and the payme
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Table 2. Components and goals of th
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through a form of informal collusiv
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Information about the current envir
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importance to Sri Lankan society as
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Table 1. Major aspects considered i
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Table 2. Common perennial species.
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able to purchase basic inputs. Duri
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Session 2: Evaluating the Supply of
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The status of fuelwood utilization
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consume 184,990m 3 of fuclwood per
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References Boonyavechewin, S. and B
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loan, the decision is based on the
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subsidizes poor farmers. The govern
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Table 1. Components and expected ou
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traditional and simple with few exc
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levels. Education curricula should
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Session 3: Determining Extension, I
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or from scientific analysis of such
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Similarly, in another country, tria
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aiming at commercial markets. The t
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Multipurpose Tree Species in Agrofo
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Table 2. Number of fruit trees plan
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Research should be designed to impr
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The majority of farmers can not aff
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and worked with them in both projec
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Timber is needed by most of the far
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home. In Maharashtra State, several
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Methodologies are reviewed for anal
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Development (NERAD) Project is an a
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small-scale charcoal manufacturing.
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Table 1. Hypothetical logit test re
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hectare of cultivated land requires
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The farmers' choice of species lead
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References Abell, T.M.B. 1981. Fucl
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Session 4: Orienting Research Effor
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Research mus. concentrate on these
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esearch scientists. Many crop and f
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Improving the Effectiveness of Mult
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western half of Timor. It is the po
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crops will result in less land bein
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compete with the tree crop in the f
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Small Farm Multipurpose Tree Specie
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The usual solution is to pilot test
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The CENRO offices which are scatter
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problem and begin work on a solutti
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and industrial levels, as well as s
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agicultural crops. Many of these ga
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woodlot and grow cassava using a cr
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local interest in the wo.-k on MPTS
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Tree improvemqnt efforts by forest
Page 145 and 146: the mother trees for their homegard
Page 147 and 148: Table 2. General steps required to
Page 149 and 150: Applying Fanning Systems Research C
Page 151 and 152: Planning Diagnosis is only useful i
Page 153 and 154: approach that is already known abou
Page 155 and 156: Research Plans and Metotls Based on
Page 157 and 158: leaves make good fertilizer, althou
Page 159 and 160: Ref.rences Amir, P., R.C. Hawkins a
Page 161 and 162: The growing importance of small-sca
Page 163 and 164: taking into account possible effect
Page 165 and 166: Poster Session Presentations / /
Page 167 and 168: planned bulletiii. are provided, bu
Page 169 and 170: L. leucocephala is the most well kn
Page 171 and 172: Table 4. Probability significance (
Page 173 and 174: Recently, systematic research on im
Page 175 and 176: Table 2. Annual Paulownia exports,
Page 177 and 178: Forest policy formulated in India u
Page 179 and 180: vigorously, reaching the pre-thinne
Page 181 and 182: Table 1. List of species for degrad
Page 183 and 184: Table 3. Productivity potential of
Page 185 and 186: candidate must withstand certain ed
Page 187 and 188: arising from the fact that at the f
Page 189 and 190: Table 1. Soil properties from the e
Page 191 and 192: Table 5. Analysis of variance of Si
Page 193 and 194: Capsule Method of Cultivation in Se
Page 195: Table 2. Comparison of average stem
Page 199 and 200: Table 4. P.falcataria related enter
Page 201 and 202: The Marketing System The marketing
Page 203 and 204: The field trip, organized by the Fo
Page 205 and 206: 213 213 em
Page 207 and 208: Participants Marian delos Angeles S
Page 209: Syed Zahir Sadeque AST/CIDA House 6
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