multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The plants used in the trials were soybeans (Glycine max), greengram (Phaseolus radiatus), peanuts (Arachishypogea), and corn (Zea mays). In this non-irrigated system, water available to theplants depends on the evaporation andtranspiration inside the capsule. The water vapor condenses on the plastic, drips back down to the soil and is reused for plant growth. The size of the capsule depends on the crops planted. Plant treatment inside the capsule is in line with typical on-farm conditions and includes no fertilizer. The cost of building the capsules is very low, approximately US$1 per capsule which lasts for four years. The data collected for comparison with the control plots include soil temperature, air temperature, stem growth, leaf and fruit production, The soil temperature at 0.5m in the control plots was higher than in the capsule, but at Im in depth the soil temperature inside the capsule was higher. The air temperature inside the capsule was 3.3 C higher than the control, The humidity inside the Capsule was 56%; higher than the humidity in the control plots. The plants inside the capsule were 1.25-1.50 times bi ver than the control group. The percent test species increase inside of ihe the capsule stem height are presented of the four in Table 1. Field conditions at the time were in fallow, with first rains. little vegetative The growth growth of possible plants until inside the the capsule is a good use of the fallow period for production. In G. max, P. radiats, and Z. mnar's there was a lot of efmpty fruit *ithout seeds, bot'h inside the capsule and in the control group. These three species produce aerial fruits. The successful crop was the peanut, which fruits under the soil, with production 25% higher inside the capsule than in the control plot. In point of fact, farmers do not like to cultivate soybeans, greengram or corn, but prefer to plant cassava (AManiholt esculenta), lpomea batatas,andArachishvpogea. The capsule method may be most suitable for producing higher yields in tuberous and other underground crops, and crops where the production of stem growth is of value. Temayang, East Java Table 1. Percent increase in stem height inside the capsule, Karangsari. Species_____________________________________ Age (days) Another series of field trials were conducted in Tcmayang (Bojoncoro, East Java), where the annual average rainfall is 1,872mm. This area is drier than in Karangsari, West Java. The capsule was I x3 x t0.6m covered by thin white plastic. The tiials were conducted in three blocks, each block consisting of a capsule and a control with P. radiausin the rainy season. Fruit production was 40% higher inside the capsule than in the control plots. Average stem height is compared in Table 2. The results seem to indicate that in rwgions with an annual rainfall of 1,8 7 2mm per year, cven planting in a wet month yields better results inside the carsulc than in the control plots. Observations from Karangsari, culivated in the dry season, also indicate that production 35 4) 45 50 63 Phaseolusradiatus 26.9 26.8 19.2 22.9 43.9 Arachis Jypogea 40.3 58.6 40.1 .3.2 21.4 Glycine max 64.4 18.7 29.0 55.5 52.2 Zea mays 10.5 21.5 37.2 45.0 23.0 201
Table 2. Comparison of average stem height inside capsule and control, Temayang. Average Height (cm) Week Capsule Control Difference (cm) Difference (%) 2 22.87 12.20 10.67 87.46 4 34.77 23.40 11.37 48.59 6 48.03 29.40 18.63 63.37 8 49.97 28.(X) 21.97 78.46 Total average increase in height (weeks 2-8) 27.1 15.8 11.3 71.52 inside the capsule is higher than the control. These findings indicate that the capsule method is unaffected by the weather so cultivation can be carried out at any time. An adequate supply of water enhance: phat development in the capsule, but fruiting may be a problem in sonic species. Conclusion Small-scale farmers can cullivate/plant at any time with the capsule system and expect higher yields and income than with the control (non-capsule), based on traditional soil and v,atcr conservalion techniques. With the capsule system, fallow seasons in tropical smi-arid areas could become as productive as the rainy season. 202
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings of an International Con
Page 3 and 4:
MULTIPURPOSE TREE SPECIES RESEARCH
Page 5 and 6:
Session 3: Determining Extension, I
Page 7 and 8:
Preface While a great deal of inter
Page 9 and 10:
Participants of the conference, lad
Page 11 and 12:
The establishment and continued gro
Page 13 and 14:
Session 1: Determining End Uses, De
Page 15 and 16:
preliminary studies. Cross-cultural
Page 17 and 18:
farm and village forestry practices
Page 19 and 20:
group. A village in Thailand or Nep
Page 21 and 22:
fit within the structure of each of
Page 23 and 24:
There is a growing literature on vi
Page 25 and 26:
A. heterophyla isplanted in homegar
Page 27 and 28:
Data Analysis The results of an exe
Page 29 and 30:
Table 1. Dependency test between ho
Page 31 and 32:
Survey and Participant Observation
Page 33 and 34:
used the participant observation me
Page 35 and 36:
needs to stay in the village for an
Page 37 and 38:
A Descriptive Research Method to Es
Page 39 and 40:
Important external data sources for
Page 41 and 42:
Although a discussion of statistica
Page 43 and 44:
demanded by consumers and the payme
Page 45 and 46:
Table 2. Components and goals of th
Page 47 and 48:
through a form of informal collusiv
Page 49 and 50:
Information about the current envir
Page 51 and 52:
importance to Sri Lankan society as
Page 53 and 54:
Table 1. Major aspects considered i
Page 55 and 56:
Table 2. Common perennial species.
Page 57 and 58:
able to purchase basic inputs. Duri
Page 59 and 60:
Session 2: Evaluating the Supply of
Page 61 and 62:
The status of fuelwood utilization
Page 63 and 64:
consume 184,990m 3 of fuclwood per
Page 65 and 66:
References Boonyavechewin, S. and B
Page 67 and 68:
loan, the decision is based on the
Page 69 and 70:
subsidizes poor farmers. The govern
Page 71 and 72:
Table 1. Components and expected ou
Page 73 and 74:
traditional and simple with few exc
Page 75 and 76:
levels. Education curricula should
Page 77 and 78:
Session 3: Determining Extension, I
Page 79 and 80:
or from scientific analysis of such
Page 81 and 82:
Similarly, in another country, tria
Page 83 and 84:
aiming at commercial markets. The t
Page 85 and 86:
Multipurpose Tree Species in Agrofo
Page 87 and 88:
Table 2. Number of fruit trees plan
Page 89 and 90:
Research should be designed to impr
Page 91 and 92:
The majority of farmers can not aff
Page 93 and 94:
and worked with them in both projec
Page 95 and 96:
Timber is needed by most of the far
Page 97 and 98:
home. In Maharashtra State, several
Page 99 and 100:
Methodologies are reviewed for anal
Page 101 and 102:
Development (NERAD) Project is an a
Page 103 and 104:
small-scale charcoal manufacturing.
Page 105 and 106:
Table 1. Hypothetical logit test re
Page 107 and 108:
hectare of cultivated land requires
Page 109 and 110:
The farmers' choice of species lead
Page 111 and 112:
References Abell, T.M.B. 1981. Fucl
Page 113 and 114:
Session 4: Orienting Research Effor
Page 115 and 116:
Research mus. concentrate on these
Page 117 and 118:
esearch scientists. Many crop and f
Page 119 and 120:
Improving the Effectiveness of Mult
Page 121 and 122:
western half of Timor. It is the po
Page 123 and 124:
crops will result in less land bein
Page 125 and 126:
compete with the tree crop in the f
Page 127 and 128:
Small Farm Multipurpose Tree Specie
Page 129 and 130:
The usual solution is to pilot test
Page 131 and 132:
The CENRO offices which are scatter
Page 133 and 134:
problem and begin work on a solutti
Page 135 and 136:
and industrial levels, as well as s
Page 137 and 138:
agicultural crops. Many of these ga
Page 139 and 140:
woodlot and grow cassava using a cr
Page 141 and 142:
local interest in the wo.-k on MPTS
Page 143 and 144: Tree improvemqnt efforts by forest
Page 145 and 146: the mother trees for their homegard
Page 147 and 148: Table 2. General steps required to
Page 149 and 150: Applying Fanning Systems Research C
Page 151 and 152: Planning Diagnosis is only useful i
Page 153 and 154: approach that is already known abou
Page 155 and 156: Research Plans and Metotls Based on
Page 157 and 158: leaves make good fertilizer, althou
Page 159 and 160: Ref.rences Amir, P., R.C. Hawkins a
Page 161 and 162: The growing importance of small-sca
Page 163 and 164: taking into account possible effect
Page 165 and 166: Poster Session Presentations / /
Page 167 and 168: planned bulletiii. are provided, bu
Page 169 and 170: L. leucocephala is the most well kn
Page 171 and 172: Table 4. Probability significance (
Page 173 and 174: Recently, systematic research on im
Page 175 and 176: Table 2. Annual Paulownia exports,
Page 177 and 178: Forest policy formulated in India u
Page 179 and 180: vigorously, reaching the pre-thinne
Page 181 and 182: Table 1. List of species for degrad
Page 183 and 184: Table 3. Productivity potential of
Page 185 and 186: candidate must withstand certain ed
Page 187 and 188: arising from the fact that at the f
Page 189 and 190: Table 1. Soil properties from the e
Page 191 and 192: Table 5. Analysis of variance of Si
Page 193: Capsule Method of Cultivation in Se
Page 197 and 198: Table 1. Area and species planted i
Page 199 and 200: Table 4. P.falcataria related enter
Page 201 and 202: The Marketing System The marketing
Page 203 and 204: The field trip, organized by the Fo
Page 205 and 206: 213 213 em
Page 207 and 208: Participants Marian delos Angeles S
Page 209: Syed Zahir Sadeque AST/CIDA House 6
show all

multipurpose tree species research for small farms: strategies ... - part

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?