Chapter 6: Equity and Diversity – Recommend<strong>at</strong>ions 6-10On <strong>the</strong> whole, as noted in <strong>the</strong> ADFA Report, <strong>the</strong> training largely reflects <strong>the</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> Instruction DI(G)PERS 35-3: Management and reporting on unacceptable behaviour, which focuses on <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong>unacceptable behaviour, definitions, making a complaint and options for resolution. 14Comments from an ADFA equity and diversity adviser suggest an enduring perception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> connectionbetween complaints and equity and diversity:I realised equity and diversity is a very s<strong>of</strong>t fuzzy name th<strong>at</strong> I think has lots <strong>of</strong> neg<strong>at</strong>iveconnot<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>at</strong>tached to it. It dawned on me it’s all about conflict resolution and th<strong>at</strong>’s howI frame it to o<strong>the</strong>r people. 15In consult<strong>at</strong>ions with undergradu<strong>at</strong>es, <strong>the</strong> Audit heard a similar sentiment:We still joke about <strong>the</strong> fact th<strong>at</strong> I E&D’d my [superior], th<strong>at</strong> kind <strong>of</strong> thing. So yes, <strong>the</strong>re’s certainlysome stigma <strong>at</strong>tached to it. 16[equity and diversity and complaints] are very definitely [tied] toge<strong>the</strong>r. 17As discussed below in Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion 8, equity and diversity is connected to complaints andunacceptable behaviour in key <strong>Defence</strong> documents. 18 The rebranding <strong>of</strong> equity and diversity trainingas training in Workplace Behaviours may better separ<strong>at</strong>e equity and diversity and complaints traininghowever, <strong>at</strong> this stage <strong>the</strong> Audit cannot make a definitive assessment. 19M<strong>at</strong>erial provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit notes th<strong>at</strong> this Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion has been implemented. The Auditconsiders th<strong>at</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r work is required, and encourages ADFA to continue to work towards separ<strong>at</strong>ing<strong>the</strong> punitive processes <strong>of</strong> complaints from <strong>the</strong> positive value <strong>of</strong> equity and diversity.Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion 8: ADFA teach equity and diversity principles ascore values underpinning ethical leadership.Intent <strong>of</strong> Recommend<strong>at</strong>ionToday’s AFDA undergradu<strong>at</strong>es are tomorrow’s ADF leadership. Embedding equity and diversity as acore principle underpinning ethical leadership <strong>at</strong> ADFA is a vehicle for embedding equity and diversityin ethical leadership across <strong>the</strong> ADF.Implement<strong>at</strong>ion actionsThe Audit has been provided with a number <strong>of</strong> documents which guide behaviour in this area. It hasalso been advised <strong>of</strong> reforms made to <strong>the</strong> training program to include aspects <strong>of</strong> ethical reflection.Documents provided include:• <strong>Defence</strong> Instruction DI(G) PERS 35-3: Management and reporting on unacceptable behaviour• ADFA’s new equity and diversity training continuum• Various equity and diversity lesson and module plans• ADFA leadership challenge exercises for years one, two and three.38
DI(G) PERS 35-3, <strong>the</strong> 2009 directive on <strong>the</strong> management and reporting <strong>of</strong> unacceptable behaviour,is useful for contextualising how equity and diversity, unacceptable behaviour and complaintsmanagement are entwined in <strong>Defence</strong> policy. This document was examined in <strong>the</strong> ADFA Report and isnot part <strong>of</strong> ADFA’s post 2011 reforms. 20ADFA’s new equity and diversity training continuum has been redeveloped for 2013. As noted above,much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> package continues to focus on unacceptable behaviour, complaints and reporting, howeverpart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second and third year training concentr<strong>at</strong>es more on <strong>the</strong> str<strong>at</strong>egic focus <strong>of</strong> equity anddiversity in <strong>Defence</strong>.Undergradu<strong>at</strong>es conduct specific leadership exercises and projects each year <strong>at</strong> ADFA. Each has anethics component. Leadership Challenge One is a four hour exercise designed to assess teamwork andleadership skills. There are eight components to this challenge, one <strong>of</strong> which is ‘ethical dilemmas’, inwhich undergradu<strong>at</strong>es are expected to address ‘<strong>the</strong> tactical as well as <strong>the</strong> ethical or moral decisions’. 21Leadership Challenge Two is a two-week exercise, and includes <strong>the</strong> ‘Intro to Practical Leadership andMoral Self Assessment’ as its first objective. 22 Leadership Challenge Three includes an evening activity,‘Model for Guided Reflection’, th<strong>at</strong> draws on various ADF leadership doctrines. 23Additionally, <strong>the</strong> Audit has been provided with an outline <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘ADFA Citizenship Package’, underwhich training is organised. 24 The citizenship package, as drafted, deals with a number <strong>of</strong> componentsincluding ‘Equity and Diversity’, ‘Military Ethics’ and ‘Character Development’. The content <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> equityand diversity component is <strong>the</strong> training continuum referred to above, and this was provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit.The Audit received no inform<strong>at</strong>ion on <strong>the</strong> military ethics or character development components.At <strong>the</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Audit process, <strong>the</strong> team had <strong>the</strong> opportunity to <strong>at</strong>tend <strong>the</strong> second annual‘Linking with Universities’ conference <strong>at</strong> which ADFA undergradu<strong>at</strong>es and o<strong>the</strong>r tertiary studentsexamined ethical decision making. Present<strong>at</strong>ions and sessions were facilit<strong>at</strong>ed by <strong>the</strong> St James EthicsCentre, <strong>the</strong> AFP and various academics.Audit findingsThe document<strong>at</strong>ion provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit about policy and training – some newly designed, and someongoing – indic<strong>at</strong>es th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong>re are links between equity and diversity principles, ethics and values, andleadership, but th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are not clearly or consistently applied.An underlying cause for <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> a positive link between equity and diversity and ethical leadership is<strong>the</strong> way th<strong>at</strong> ‘equity and diversity’ is conceptualised in <strong>Defence</strong> policy documents. For example, DI(G)PERS 35-3 outlines unacceptable behaviour and complaints management policy in <strong>the</strong> ADF and refersto equity and diversity principles in this context. It notes th<strong>at</strong>:Everyone in <strong>Defence</strong> is required to be tre<strong>at</strong>ed with respect, fairness and without harassment.Values underpin rel<strong>at</strong>ionships and behaviour. Values-based behaviour in <strong>Defence</strong> requireseveryone to accept personal responsibility and accountability for <strong>the</strong>ir actions and to think clearlyabout <strong>the</strong> consequences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir actions for <strong>Defence</strong>. 25Equity and diversity principles and training are framed as str<strong>at</strong>egies to minimise unacceptable behaviour.For <strong>the</strong> purposes <strong>of</strong> this Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion, this directive cannot be said to address <strong>the</strong> teaching <strong>of</strong>equity and diversity principles as core values underpinning ethical leadership. On <strong>the</strong> contrary, it requiresadherence to equity and diversity guidelines as a way to avoid complaints and unacceptable behaviour.As discussed in Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion 7, <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> equity and diversity training package continuesto focus on complaints and unacceptable behaviour, reflecting <strong>the</strong> fact th<strong>at</strong> equity and diversity isaligned with unacceptable behaviour in a key ADF policy document.Audit Report: <strong>Review</strong> <strong>into</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tre<strong>at</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> Women <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy • 2013 • 39
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