Chapter 8: Midshipmen and Cadets are Young People and Future Leaders – Recommend<strong>at</strong>ions 16-18midshipmen and <strong>of</strong>ficer cadets including various mentoring programs in <strong>Australian</strong> universities’. RIT, ‘Communic<strong>at</strong>ion Plan:Communic<strong>at</strong>ing Cultural Change’ Annex K, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller 12 November 2012.36 Office for Women’s Policy, ‘The Premier’s Lucy Mentoring Program, Participant Manual’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller,28 September 2012.37 For example, <strong>the</strong> ADFA mentoring brief comments th<strong>at</strong> ADFA ‘has both similarities and differences to NSW universities’ but <strong>the</strong>nonly outlines <strong>the</strong> key differences. RIT, ‘ADFA Mentoring Brief’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.38 <strong>Australian</strong> Human Rights Commission, Report on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>into</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tre<strong>at</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> Women <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong>Academy (2011), p 92 At http://www.humanrights.gov.au/defencereview/index.html (viewed 26 February 2013).39 While not forming a significant part <strong>of</strong> option one, <strong>the</strong> mentoring brief does briefly note th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong>se senior <strong>women</strong> ‘have agreedto be available for <strong>the</strong> longer term, should individual cadets, or a group <strong>of</strong> cadets wish to engage with <strong>the</strong>m.’ See RIT, ‘ADFAMentoring Brief’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.40 Pursuant to <strong>the</strong> Kafer <strong>Review</strong>, CDRE BJ Kafer, Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> force Academy MilitaryOrganis<strong>at</strong>ion and Culture, <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy 2010 1104615/1, and as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cadet squadron restructurethis mentoring program was established.41 Cadet Focus Group in <strong>Australian</strong> Human Rights Commission, Report on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>into</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tre<strong>at</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> Women <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong><strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy (2011), p 15. At http://www.humanrights.gov.au/defencereview/index.html (viewed26 February 2013).42 Interview 13, Army undergradu<strong>at</strong>e male, 15 October 2012.43 <strong>Australian</strong> Human Rights Commission, Report on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>into</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tre<strong>at</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> Women <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong>Academy (2011), p 16. At http://www.humanrights.gov.au/defencereview/index.html (viewed 26 February 2013).44 Focus group U7, Mixed Service undergradu<strong>at</strong>e female, 17 October 2012.45 Focus group U2, Navy undergradu<strong>at</strong>e, 17 October 2012.46 Focus group U2, Navy undergradu<strong>at</strong>e, 17 October 2012.47 Request for inform<strong>at</strong>ion sent by Audit on 11 December 2012. Response received from Dr N Miller, email to <strong>the</strong> Audit containingresponse from CMDR S Craig, 20 February 2013.48 <strong>Australian</strong> Bureau <strong>of</strong> St<strong>at</strong>istics, ‘Risk Taking by Young People’, <strong>Australian</strong> Social Trends, c<strong>at</strong> no 4120.0 (2008), www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Chapter5002008 (viewed 26 August 2011); J Norris, ‘The Rel<strong>at</strong>ionship BetweenAlcohol Consumption and Sexual Victimiz<strong>at</strong>ion’ (2008) VAWnet: The N<strong>at</strong>ional Online Resource Center on Violence AgainstWomen, pp 1-13. At www.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/AR_AlcVictimiz<strong>at</strong>ion.pdf (viewed 26 August 2011); A Morgan andA McAtamney, ‘Key Issues in alcohol-rel<strong>at</strong>ed violence’ (2009) 4 Research in Practice 1, pp 1-8. In <strong>Australian</strong> Human RightsCommission, Report on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>into</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tre<strong>at</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> Women <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy (2011), p 92. Athttp://www.humanrights.gov.au/defencereview/index.html (viewed 26 February 2013). The need to address <strong>the</strong> excessiveconsumption <strong>of</strong> alcohol <strong>at</strong> ADFA is <strong>of</strong> primary importance as it occurs <strong>at</strong> a form<strong>at</strong>ive period for undergradu<strong>at</strong>es, <strong>at</strong> a time whendrinking behaviours can become established.49 RIT, ‘Minute, <strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> Drinks Pricing’, RIT/ALC/2012/9/27(1), provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012; RIT, ‘AuditDrinks Price Comparison’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.50 RIT, ‘Minute, <strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> Drinks Pricing’, RIT/ALC/2012/9/27(1), provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012. Withrespect to <strong>the</strong> reasons for <strong>the</strong> price changes, <strong>the</strong> drinks pricing minute notes th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> majority <strong>of</strong> drinks consumed were beersand premixed drinks, and th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong>se ‘were being sold <strong>at</strong> or below cost price’ and ‘below <strong>the</strong> standard <strong>Defence</strong> Mess pricingregime <strong>of</strong> a 15% mark up.’51 RIT, ‘Minute, <strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> Drinks Pricing’, RIT/ALC/2012/9/27(1), provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.In April 2012 <strong>the</strong> following price changes were implemented:• Average price increase <strong>of</strong> 12% for beers• Average price increase <strong>of</strong> 9% for premixed drinks• Average price decrease <strong>of</strong> 19% for wines.52 RIT, ‘Minute, <strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> Drinks Pricing’, RIT/ALC/2012/9/27(1), provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.53 RIT, ‘Broderick Audit Summary Final 280912’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012; RIT, ‘Broderick Ph1<strong>Review</strong> Implement<strong>at</strong>ion Progress Spreadsheet’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.54 ADFA has been <strong>the</strong> subject <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> reviews, most relevant to this Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion is <strong>the</strong> Hamilton <strong>Review</strong>. While <strong>the</strong><strong>Review</strong>’s Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion in respect <strong>of</strong> alcohol focused on <strong>the</strong> pricing and testing <strong>of</strong> alcohol, <strong>the</strong> Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion wasintended as part <strong>of</strong> a broader holistic approach to <strong>the</strong> management <strong>of</strong> alcohol <strong>at</strong> ADFA. Pr<strong>of</strong>. M Hamilton, The Use <strong>of</strong> Alcoholin <strong>the</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> (2011). At http://www.defence.gov.au/p<strong>at</strong>hwaytochange/docs/use<strong>of</strong>alcohol/index.htm (viewed15 March 2013).55 O<strong>the</strong>r measures implemented include:Alcohol Risk Management Plans are to be developed for activities involving alcohol. See RIT, ‘Broderick Ph1 <strong>Review</strong>Implement<strong>at</strong>ion Progress Spreadsheet’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012; CDRE BJ Kafer,‘Commandant’s Directive 5/12 – Use, Supply and Management <strong>of</strong> Alcohol by <strong>Defence</strong> Personnel Under My Command/Supervision and in The <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy Precinct’, Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Defence</strong>, May 2012, provided to <strong>the</strong> Auditby Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.Investig<strong>at</strong>ing and taking steps to achieve Good Hosts accredit<strong>at</strong>ion. See ‘RFI 3.75 Response’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit byP O’Neill, 13 December 2012; <strong>Australian</strong> Drug Found<strong>at</strong>ion, ‘Hospitality Management Program – Timelines and Actions RequiredOct-Dec 2012’ provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.In addition to staff being trained in <strong>the</strong> Responsible Service <strong>of</strong> Alcohol, selected undergradu<strong>at</strong>es have been trained and areinvolved in monitoring consumption <strong>of</strong> alcohol in <strong>the</strong> Cadets’ Mess. See RIT, ‘Communic<strong>at</strong>ion Plan: Communic<strong>at</strong>ing Cultural78
Change’, Annex K, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 12 November 2012; RIT, ‘Cultural Change Management <strong>at</strong> <strong>Australian</strong><strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.Staff training includes not glorifying <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> alcohol. See CDRE BJ Kafer, ‘Commandant’s Directive 5/12 – Use, Supply andManagement <strong>of</strong> Alcohol by <strong>Defence</strong> Personnel Under My Command/Supervision and in The <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> AcademyPrecinct’, Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Defence</strong>, May 2012, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.Additional alcohol requirements have been implemented, such as to requirements to serve food <strong>at</strong> events involving alcohol, to<strong>of</strong>fer non-alcoholic drink options, to <strong>of</strong>fer low alcohol percentage drinks <strong>at</strong> a lower price, and a drink ticket system for eventsinvolving alcohol. See CDRE BJ Kafer, ‘Commandant’s Directive 5/12 – Use, Supply and Management <strong>of</strong> Alcohol by <strong>Defence</strong>Personnel Under My Command/Supervision and in The <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy Precinct’, Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Defence</strong>,May 2012, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.As outlined in <strong>the</strong> Academy Cadets’ Mess Alcohol Management Plan, undergradu<strong>at</strong>es have undertaken steps to clarify howto manage <strong>into</strong>xic<strong>at</strong>ed persons, including cre<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong> an ‘Actions on Suspected Intoxic<strong>at</strong>ed Person’ flowchart and ‘ACM BarIncident Log’. See ‘Academy Cadets’ Mess Constitution and Rules’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.56 CDRE BJ Kafer, ‘Commandant’s Directive 5/12 – Use, Supply and Management <strong>of</strong> Alcohol by <strong>Defence</strong> Personnel Under MyCommand/Supervision and in The <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy Precinct’, Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Defence</strong>, May 2012, provided to<strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.57 RIT, ‘Communic<strong>at</strong>ion Plan: Communic<strong>at</strong>ing Cultural Change’, Annex K, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 12 November 2012.58 RIT, ‘Cultural Change Management <strong>at</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September2012; ADFA, ‘Our Commitment to Responsible Alcohol Use’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 28 September 2012.59 RIT, ‘Communic<strong>at</strong>ion Plan: Communic<strong>at</strong>ing Cultural Change’, Annex K, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 12 November 2012.60 ‘Academy Cadets’ Mess Constitution and Rules’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.61 While <strong>the</strong>se measures do address <strong>the</strong> intent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion, <strong>the</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Audit is <strong>the</strong> direct implement<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong>Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion 18.62 Interview 12, Army staff male, 15 October 2012.63 Focus group U7, Mixed Service undergradu<strong>at</strong>e female, 17 October 2012.64 Focus group U7, Mixed Service undergradu<strong>at</strong>e female, 17 October 2012.65 Focus group S11, Mixed Service staff male and female, 18 October 2012.66 <strong>Australian</strong> Human Rights Commission, Report on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Review</strong> <strong>into</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tre<strong>at</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> Women <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong>Academy (2011), p 19. In http://www.humanrights.gov.au/defencereview/index.html (viewed 26 February 2013).67 Email correspondence between P We<strong>the</strong>rspoon, S Craig and P O’Neill September 2012, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neil,13 December 2012; ADFA, Drugs and Alcohol present<strong>at</strong>ion, 21 January 2012. The Audit notes th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> alcohol testing programalso ensures <strong>the</strong> testing <strong>of</strong> staff <strong>at</strong> ADFA. Staff are tested in <strong>the</strong> same manner th<strong>at</strong> undergradu<strong>at</strong>es are which is important forundergradu<strong>at</strong>es to witness.68 Some staff were able to compare <strong>the</strong> current testing regime with <strong>the</strong>ir experiences when <strong>the</strong>y came through ADFA as a cadet.One staff member commented ‘th<strong>at</strong>’s certainly a level <strong>of</strong> testing th<strong>at</strong> I’ve not seen anywhere else in <strong>Defence</strong> and certainlywasn’t prevalent here when I was coming through.’ The Audit also <strong>at</strong>tended a series <strong>of</strong> present<strong>at</strong>ions during <strong>the</strong> ASIT and IPCtraining and <strong>the</strong> mand<strong>at</strong>ory training in January 2013. During <strong>the</strong> present<strong>at</strong>ion on drugs and alcohol it was commented in respect<strong>of</strong> alcohol testing th<strong>at</strong> ‘last year we went over <strong>the</strong> top to put <strong>the</strong> idea in <strong>the</strong>ir heads and over <strong>the</strong> next six months it is importantto cement this. After which <strong>the</strong> first years and those coming in will not know any differently.’ Interview 12, Army staff male,15 October 2012; ADFA, Drugs and Alcohol present<strong>at</strong>ion, 21 January 2013.69 ADFA, Drugs and Alcohol present<strong>at</strong>ion, 21 January 2013.70 RIT, ‘Communic<strong>at</strong>ion Plan: Communic<strong>at</strong>ing Cultural Change’, Annex K, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller, 12 November 2012.71 RIT, ‘Response to RFI 3.76’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.72 Email correspondence between P We<strong>the</strong>rspoon, S Craig and P O’Neill September 2012, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neil,13 December 2012.73 As previously outlined, <strong>the</strong> frequency <strong>of</strong> testing has increased from just 28 in 2010, to 824 in 2011 and to over 5,000 in 2012.While <strong>the</strong> increase is significant, <strong>the</strong> Recommend<strong>at</strong>ion requires testing to be administered consistently in line with DIG 15-4. Thechallenge will be to ensure th<strong>at</strong> testing is consistently undertaken <strong>at</strong> required levels and does not return to pre-review levels in<strong>the</strong> future.74 RIT, ‘Response to RFI 3.76’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.75 RIT, ‘Response to RFI 3.76’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.76 RIT, ‘Response to RFI 3.76’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012.77 Email correspondence between P We<strong>the</strong>rspoon, S Craig and P O’Neill September 2012, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neil,13 December 2012.78 The Audit notes ADFA’s policy in respect <strong>of</strong> additional follow-up testing for undergradu<strong>at</strong>es who record a positive reading.An internal ADFA email provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit containing a break-down <strong>of</strong> positive readings notes ‘Repe<strong>at</strong> Offender’ next toone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> entries, which is <strong>of</strong> clear importance in tracking and monitoring problem<strong>at</strong>ic alcohol use. A d<strong>at</strong>abase which makessuch inform<strong>at</strong>ion easily accessible would benefit ADFA’s alcohol management program. Email correspondence betweenP We<strong>the</strong>rspoon, S Craig and P O’Neill September 2012, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neil, 13 December 2012.79 RIT, ‘Response to RFI 3.76’, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neill, 13 December 2012; Email correspondence betweenP We<strong>the</strong>rspoon, S Craig and P O’Neill September 2012, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by P O’Neil, 13 December 2012; RIT,‘Communic<strong>at</strong>ion Plan: Communic<strong>at</strong>ing Cultural Change’ Annex F, provided to <strong>the</strong> Audit by Dr N Miller 12 November 2012.80 P We<strong>the</strong>rspoon, present<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>at</strong> Staff Training, 16 January 2013 and 21 January 2013; Keep Your M<strong>at</strong>es Safe present<strong>at</strong>ion,19 February 2013.Audit Report: <strong>Review</strong> <strong>into</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tre<strong>at</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> Women <strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Australian</strong> <strong>Defence</strong> <strong>Force</strong> Academy • 2013 • 79
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Review into the Treatmentof Women a
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ContentsA Message from the Commissi
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A Message from the CommissionerADFA
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Chapter 1:Audit ApproachThe Report
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Chapter 2: Summary of Audit Finding
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Chapter 3: MethodologyQuantitative
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Organisational PressuresDefence is
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Further InformationAustralian Human