2011 report to congress - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review ...

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dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB152450. Economist, ‘‘China’s Shadow-Banking System: Trust Belt,’’ February 10,2011.451. Dinny McMahon, ‘‘Shadow Lending Hampers Beijing,’’ Wall Street Journal,December 2, 2010.452. Chen Jia, ‘‘Difference in incomes to resume widening trend,’’ China Daily,April 20, 2011.453. Sheng Laiyun, ‘‘National Economy Maintained Steady and Fast Growth inthe First Quarter of 2011’’ (Beijing, China: National Bureau of Statistics of China,April 15, 2011).454. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, Testimony of Yukon Huang, February 25, 2011.455. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, Testimony of Yukon Huang, February 25, 2011.456. Danielle Kurtzleben, ‘‘7 Ways the U.S. Population Is Changing,’’ U.S. News& World Report, May 13, 2011.457. Chen Jia, ‘‘Country’s wealth divide past warning level,’’ China Daily, May12, 2010.458. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Yukon Huang, February 25, 2011.459. Bain & Company and China Merchants Bank, ‘‘Number of Chinese high networth individuals nearly doubles since onset of global recession, according to farreaching‘2011 China Private Wealth Study’ ’’ (Boston, MA, and New York, NY:April 19, 2011). http://www.bain.com/about/press/press-releases/number-of-chinesehigh-net-worth-individuals.aspx.460. Didi Kirsten Tatlow, ‘‘Cost of Living Increasingly a Struggle for China’sPoor,’’ New York Times, December 9, 2010.461. Andrew Peaple, ‘‘Shades of Gray in China’s Income Levels,’’ Wall StreetJournal, August 11, 2010. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704901104575422841352859712.html.462. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Martin Whyte, February 25, 2011.463. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Martin Whyte, February 25, 2011.464. Martin Whyte, ‘‘The Paradoxes of Rural-Urban Inequality in ContemporaryChina,’’ in One Country, Two Societies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,2010), p. 6.465. Martin Whyte, ‘‘The Paradoxes of Rural-Urban Inequality in ContemporaryChina,’’ in One Country, Two Societies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,2010), p. 11.466. Wu Jieh-min, ‘‘Rural Migrant Workers and China’s Differential Citizenship:A Comparative Institutional Analysis,’’ in Martin Whyte, One Country, Two Societies(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, March 1, 2010), p. 56.467. John Liu, ‘‘Beijing to Reduce Student Residence Permits, Beijing TimesSays,’’ Bloomberg News, May 17, 2011.468. Shan Juan, ‘‘Census: Population hits 1.37b,’’ China Daily, April 29, 2011.469. Shan Juan, ‘‘One in three Beijingers a migrant worker,’’ China Daily, May6, 2011.470. Wang Hongyi, ‘‘Migrants restore population base,’’ China Daily, May 5, 2011.471. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Elizabeth Economy, February 25, 2011.472. Pang Qi, ‘‘Residence status influences students sitting national exams inBeijing,’’ Global Times (China), May 23, 2011.473. Wang Wei, ‘‘School policy a boon for migrants’ kids,’’ China Daily, May 9,2011.474. Wang Wei, ‘‘School policy a boon for migrants’ kids,’’ China Daily, May 9,2011.475. Dester Roberts, ‘‘Preparing for the (Possible) China Crash,’’ BloombergBusinessWeek, July 18, 2011.476. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Yukon Huang, February 25, 2011.477. Brian Spegele, ‘‘Chinese Police Quash Protest Over Land Rights,’’ WallStreet Journal, March 31, 2011.478. Tania Branigan, ‘‘Chinese newspapers in joint call to end curb on migrantworkers,’’ Guardian (United Kingdom), March 1, 2010.479. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Elizabeth Economy, February 25, 2011.480. Sue Feng and Ian Johnson, ‘‘China Job Squeeze Sends ‘Ants’ to Fringes,’’Wall Street Journal, May 3, 2010.VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00164 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB153481. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Martin Whyte, February 25, 2011; Andrew Jacobs,‘‘China’s Army of Graduates Struggles for Jobs,’’ New York Times, December 11,2010.482. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Martin Whyte, February 25, 2011.483. Ho Kwon Ping, ‘‘China’s ‘ant tribe’ may sow seeds of unrest,’’ Straits Times(Singapore), March 16, 2011.484. Cheng Li, ‘‘The Rise of the Middle Class in the Middle Kingdom,’’ in China’sEmerging Middle Class (Washington DC: The Brookings Institution, 2010, p. 18485. Cheng Li, ‘‘The Rise of the Middle Class in the Middle Kingdom,’’ in China’sEmerging Middle Class (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2010), p. 20.486. Cheng Li, ‘‘The Rise of the Middle Class in the Middle Kingdom,’’ in China’sEmerging Middle Class (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2010), pp. 14–16.487. Christa Case Bryant, ‘‘Surging middle classes eclipsing global poverty,’’Christian Science Monitor, May 17, 2011.488. Xin Zhigang, ‘‘Dissecting China’s Middle Class,’’ China Daily, October 27,2004. http://chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-1027/contentl386060.htm.489. Li Shuang, ‘‘40 Percent of Beijingers Middle Class,’’ Global Times (China),August 11, 2011. http://beijing.globaltimes.cn/society/2011-04/553384.html490. Yang Jing, ‘‘Stumbling on the Rocky Road: Understanding China’s MiddleClass,’’ International Journal of China Studies 1: 2 (October 2010): 437.491. Yang Jing, ‘‘Stumbling on the Rocky Road: Understanding China’s MiddleClass,’’ International Journal of China Studies 1: 2 (October 2010): 437.492. Bruce Dickson, ‘‘China’s Cooperative Capitalists,’’ in China’s Emerging MiddleClass (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2010), p. 292.493. Martin Whyte (Harvard University sociologist), telephone interview withCommission staff, January 2011.494. Martin Whyte and Guo Maocan, ‘‘How Angry Are Chinese Citizens aboutCurrent Inequalities? Evidence from A National Survey,’’ in Social Stratification inChinese Societies (Boston, MA: Brill Publishers, 2009), p. 17.495. Andrew Jacobs, ‘‘Where ‘Jasmine’ Means Tea, Not a Revolt,’’ New YorkTimes, April 2, 2011.496. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, written testimony of Elizabeth Economy, February 25, 2011.497. Kenneth Lieberthal, ‘‘China’s Emerging Middle Class: Beyond EconomicTransformation’’ (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, December 14, 2010).498. Laurie Burkitt and Jeremy Page, ‘‘China’s Population is Aging Rapidly,’’Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2011. http://www.online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704187604576290031070463712.html.499. Laurie Burkitt and Jeremy Page, ‘‘China’s Population is Aging Rapidly,’’Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2011. http://www.online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704187604576290031070463712.html.500. Economist, ‘‘Getting On: The Consequences of an Ageing Population,’’ June23, 2011. http:www.economist.com/node/18832070.501. Willy Lam, ‘‘Beijing’s ‘Wei-Wen’ Imperative Steals Thunder at NPC [NationalPeople’s Congress],’’ China Brief (Washington, DC: The Jamestown Foundation,March 10, 2011).502. Willy Lam, ‘‘Beijing’s Blueprint for Tackling Mass Incidents and Social Management,’’(Washington, DC: The Jamestown Foundation, China Brief, March 25,2011).503. Jeremy Page, ‘‘Internal Security Tops Military in China Spending,’’ WallStreet Journal’s China Real Time Report, March 5, 2011.504. Loretta Chao and Don Clark, ‘‘Cisco Poised to Help China Keep an Eye onIts Citizens,’’ Wall Street Journal, July 5, 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304778304576377141077267316.html.505. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Murray Scot Tanner, February 25, 2011.506. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Murray Scot Tanner, February 25, 2011.507. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Murray Scot Tanner, February 25, 2011.508. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, testimony of Elizabeth Economy, February 25, 2011.509. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sInternal Dilemmas, written testimony of Elizabeth Economy, February 25, 2011.VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00165 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
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12011REPORT TO CONGRESSof theU.S.-C
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U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
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CONTENTSPageTRANSMITTAL LETTER TO T
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23Figure 1:China’s Share of the U
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25The weakness in U.S. exports of a
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31Table 3:RMB Bond Issuances by Mul
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35of bilateral negotiations under t
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37Stonewalling the WTO: A Case Stud
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39that China’s existing system of
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41now. Because the structures of th
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43How Big Is China’s State Sector
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45Fortune Global 500, compared to j
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47panies are less profitable, after
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49erate primarily within state-cont
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57Figure 1: Chinese FDI Stock in th
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63U.S. firms with sensitive technol
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65Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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67Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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69dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$
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71January 2010, the heads of 19 U.S
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77cause Beijing had sought to exclu
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81China in Search of Western Techno
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83scious policy seeking to drive Ch
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89Like previous plans, the 12th Fiv
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95Consultative Conference National
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99panies account[ed] for fully 7 pe
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Page 113 and 114: 105Addendum II: Figures 1-2Figure 1
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Page 121 and 122: 113drivers cited increased fuel pri
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Page 169 and 170: 161gress, the DoD noted that China
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Page 181 and 182: 173network exploitations to facilit
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Page 195 and 196: 187Therefore, the PLA maintains the
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205ganization, modeled on the Europ
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207China’s leadership also places
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211[General Armaments Department] p
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213Table 2: Select Chinese Satellit
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215weapons or coorbital satellite w
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217Malicious Cyber ActivitiesDirect
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RECOMMENDATIONSChina’s ‘‘Area
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239320. Chang Xianqi, Military Astr
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243woman Jiang Yu simply expressed
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245Table 1:Timeline of Sino-North K
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249China also provides economic sup
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251economic and social strains woul
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255Iran’s South Pars Gas Field af
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257When asked by Commissioners abou
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281trade, and dispute settlement. 2
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287of Request to the United States
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289fense, since its current fleet o
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3190aRCRD&ss=Hong+Kong&s=News; Pete
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323mation Office. Day-to-day superv
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327Although the slogans change over
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335What Constitutes a ‘‘Core In
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339Selected CAIFC/CPD Track Two Exc
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341disseminated through diplomatic
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375ecutive Schedule under section 5
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APPENDIX IIIPUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
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APPENDIX IIIALIST OF WITNESSES TEST
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393Alphabetical Listing of Panelist
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397In TaiwanU.S. Government• Amer
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APPENDIX VLIST OF RESEARCH MATERIAL
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401The National Security Implicatio
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APPENDIX VIACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIO
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